disciplining their forces. Of these, the Lord Viscount Kenmure had the chief command whilst they were in Scotland, He had with him a troop of gentlemen, which was called the first troop, and was commanded by the Honourable Basil Hamilton, of Beldoun, son to Lord Basil Hamilton, who was brother to the late Duke of Hamilton. The second troop was called the Merse troop, and was commanded by the Honourable James Hume, brother to the Earl of Hume, who was at that time a prisoner in Edinburgh castle. The third troop took its name from its commander, the Earl of Wintoun, who appointed, as his lieutenant, Captain James Dalzel, brother to the Earl of Carnwath. The latter noblemen was also with the army, of which he commanded the fourth troop. The fifth troop was under the command of Captain Lockhart, brother to Mr. Lockhart, of Carnwath. He was a half-pay officer in Lord Mc Ker's regiment, and, as such, when the rebels surrendered at Preston, he was tried by a court-martial and shot. These troops, Mr. Patten describes as "well manned and indifferently armed; but their horses," he observes, "were small, and in mean condition." The army was, moreover, accompanied by a great many gentlemen volunteers, who were not formed into any regular troop.

The forces, designed to cross the Forth, had been formed into six regiments. The first of these, under the command of the Earl of Strathmore, had been driven back by the men of war to the shore of Fife. Of the second, (the Earl of Mar's,) only a part effected their passage into Lothian, and proceeded to the southward, under the command of Major Nathaniel Forbes, whom Mr. Patten describes as "a man, singularly brave, of pleasant discourse, mixing the thread thereof with a great many Scots' proverbs, which were very well applied, and gave great entertainment to those that were acquainted with that dialect." The third regiment, commanded by Logie Drummond, a veteran intriguer on the behalf of the Stuart family, did not cross the Forth entire. The fourth, the Lord Nairn's, had a more successful passage, their colonel having brought over most of his men. The fifth regiment was commanded by Lord Charles Murray, a younger son to the Duke of Athol. He had been a cornet of horse in the wars on the continent, and made himself very popular among the Highlanders, by marching on foot, at the head of his regiment, and cheerfully sharing in all the fatigues and privations sustained by the common soldiers. The sixth regiment was called Mackintosh's battalion, from the name of its colonel, a relation of Brigadier Mackintosh, who has been mentioned above as commanding the rebel troops, who crossed into Lothian, and by whom his relative, though inclined to the interests of the House of

Hanover, was, unhappily for himself, induced to join the forces. of the Pretender. Besides these six regiments, there were a considerable number, called the gentlemen volunteers, commanded by Captains Skeen and M'Lean, Lieutenant David Stewart, and Ensign John Dunbar.

The English, who were not so well regulated or so well armed as the Scots, were divided into the following troops. First, that of the Earl of Derwentwater, commanded by his brother Charles Radcliffe, Esq., and Captain John Shaftoe. On this unfortunate nobleman, the reverend historian bestows a well-merited eulogium for the suavity of his manners and the generosity of his disposition. "He was," says he, "a man formed by nature to be generally beloved; for he was of so universal a beneficence, that he seemed to live for others." The second troop was Lord Widdrinton's, commanded by Mr. Thomas Errington, of Beaufront. His lordship, if credence may be given to Mr. Patten, did not inherit the obstinate courage evinced by his namesake, at Chevy Chase; for, says our author, "I could never discover any boldness or bravery in him, especially after his majesty's forces came before Preston." The third troop was under the orders of Captain John Hunter, a bold and resolute man, who appears to have first displayed a spirit of enterprise in "running unaccustomed goods out of Scotland into England." The fourth troop was commanded by Robert Douglas, brother to the Laird of Finland, an active emissary of the Pretender, who conveyed the despatches which the Earl of Mar had occasion from time to time to send into England, and returned with the answers of his confederates. "He was," says Mr. Patten, "indefatigable in searching for arms and horses, a trade, some were pleased to say, he had followed out of the rebellion as well as in it." The following anecdote will serve to shew the character of the borderers of that day.

"To this account of these two gentlemen, (Hunter and Douglas,) I shall add a pleasant story, which one was pleased to remark upon them. When he heard that the former was gone, with his troop, back into England, as was then given out, to take up quarters for the whole army, who were to follow, and to fall upon General Carpenter and his small and wearied troops; he said, 'let but Hunter and Douglas, with their men, quarter near General Carpenter, and in faith, they'll not leave them a horse to mount on.' His reason is supposed to be, because these, with their men, had been pretty well versed in horsestealing, or, at least, suspected as such: for an old borderer was pleased to say, when he was informed that a great many, if not all, the loose fellows, and suspected horse-stealers, were gone into the rebellion, it is an ill wind blows nobody profit; for now,' continued he,

'I can leave my stable-door unlocked, and sleep sound, since* Luck-ina-Bag and the rest are gone.””

The command of the fifth troop was entrusted to Captain Nicholas Wogan, an Irish gentleman, equally distinguished by his valour and his humanity. These troops, like those of the Scotch, were accompanied by a great number of gentlemen volunteers, who, without any express commission, or assignment to any particular sub-division of the forces, were ready to act as circumstances might require their services; and, with a view of finding situations for as many individuals of rank and respectability as it was possible thus to gratify, they were all doubly officered. The aggregate of the numbers of the rebel army amounted to no more than 1400 men; these troops and regiments, therefore, were mere skeletons, which they hoped to fill up as they proceeded.

On the 27th of October Lord Kenmure received intelligence that General Carpenter, with the forces under his command, viz. Hotham's regiment of foot, and Calham's, Molesworth's, and Churchill's dragoons, had arrived at Wooler, and intended to attack him the next day. In this emergency, he summoned a council of war to deliberate on the best plan of proceeding. In this assembly, there occurred much diversity of opinion. Lord Wintoun earnestly pressed them to march away into the west of Scotland. Others proposed to pass the Tweed, and attack General Carpenter's troops, which did not amount to more than 500 men. Both these proposals were, however, negatived by the interposition of the Nithsdale and Northumbrian chieftains, who prevailed upon their associates to adopt the resolution of marching into England, where they assured them they would meet with effectual support. Deluded by these flattering expectations, Kenmure decamped from Kelso, and proceeded to Jedburgh, where he stayed till the 29th of October. From Jedburgh he had intended to send a detachment of Highlanders across the mountains into Northumberland; but the troops appointed for this service mutinied, and refused to cross the borders. Accompanied, then, by these malcontents, the rebel commanders marched to Hawick; on their arrival at which place, the Highlanders, alarmed at their being conducted to the south, separated themselves from the main body of the army, and took post on a rising ground, declaring they would fight if led against the enemy; but that, instead of going into England, they would take their route

* A nickname to a famous midnight trader among horses.

through the west of Scotland, and fall upon the rear of the Duke of Argyle. After a negociation of two hours, they at length agreed to share the fortunes of their comrades whilst they remained in their own country, and accordingly followed their commanders to Langholme. From this place, Lord Kenmure sent a detachment for the purpose of surprising the town of Dumfries, but was induced to countermand it by the reiterated entreaties of the English gentlemen that he would cross the borders, under the allegation that they had received letters from their friends in Lancashire, inviting them into England, and assuring them that there would be a general rising on their appearing, and that they would be immediately joined by 20,000 men. No sooner was the determination of his lordship known to the Highlanders, than they again broke out into mutiny; and, notwithstanding the earnest remonstrances of their leaders, 500 of them took their departure, and went away in parties over the tops of the mountains. Among the deserters was Lord Wintoun, who had fomented the spirit of insubordination. However, in a little time, he returned, and joined the main body of Kenmure's little army; but, as might have been expected, he met with a cold reception from his brother chieftains.

"In short," says Mr. Patten, "he was slighted, having often no quarters provided for him, and at other times, very bad ones, not fit for a nobleman of his family; yet, being in for it, he resolved to go forwards, and diverted himself with any company, telling many pleasant stories of his travels, and his living unknown and obscurely with a blacksmith in France, whom he served some years as a bellowsblower and under-servant, till he was acquainted with the death of his father, and that his tutor had given it out that he was dead; upon which he resolved to return home, and there met with a cool reception. He was very curious in working in several handicraft matters, and had made good proficiency in them; witness the nice way he found to cut asunder one of the iron bars in his window, in the Tower, by some small instrument, scarce perceivable."*

With his little army thus diminished, Kenmure advanced to Longtown, and on the next day, crossing the border, he took up his quarters at a small town called Brampton, where Mr. Forster opened his commission to act as general in England. From this day, the Highlanders, who still remained with their colours," received sixpence a day to keep them in good order and under command."

The rebels halted one night at Brampton, and the next

* His lordship, by this ingenuity, effected his escape.

day advanced towards Penrith. On their approach to the latter town, they were informed that Lord Lonsdale, at the head of the posse comitatus, amounting to 14,000 men, was prepared to dispute their further progress; but, at the sight of a reconnoitering party of the enemy, these undisciplined forces fled, and his lordship retired to Appleby Castle. On Mr. Forster's entrance into Penrith, he detached Mr. Patten, with a party of horse, to capture the Bishop of Carlisle, whom he understood to be somewhere in the neighbourhood. His grace, however, had the good fortune to escape; and his reverend and militant pursuer was next commissioned to seize his brotherin-law, Mr. Johnstone, collector of the salt-tax, and to bring him with his books and papers, and the public money in his possession, to the army. In his second expedition, also, Mr. Patten was disappointed, and was only able to evince his prowess and his activity by taking prisoners a number of the posse comitatus. Having stayed at Penrith one night, the rebels proceeded to Appleby. They now began to look with anxiety for the friends whom they expected to join them. But few resorted to their standard; and of these, no one of any note. Their hopes were, however, a little raised by the circumstance of the vicar of Appleby and his curate attending divine service, and joining in the prayers for the Pretender, which were read by Mr. Patten. On the 5th of November, they set out for Kendal, where they remained all night, and the next morning, being Sunday the 6th, they set forward for Kirby Lonsdale. "In all the march to this town," says our author, "there were none joined them but one Mr. John Dalston, and another gentleman, from Richmond, though we had now marched through two very populous counties; but here, friends began to appear; for some Lancashire Papists, with their servants, came and joined them." The Highlanders were further encouraged by the arrival of Mr. Charles Widdington, who had been sent in advance, to sound the disposition of the country, and brought intelligence that the Lancashire Tories were ripe for revolt, and that the Pretender had been proclaimed at Manchester, the inhabitants of which town had begun to raise men for his service. Inspirited by these tidings, the rebels marched on to Lancaster. The notorious Col. Chartres, who commanded in this important place, intended to blow up the bridge to prevent their entrance; but was controuled in his plans by the remonstrances of the townsmen, who informed him that this devastation would be of no utility, as the river was easily fordable. He, therefore, destroyed a quantity of military stores, to prevent them from falling into the hands of the rebels, and quitted the place, following Sir Henry Houghton, who had retired with 600 militia from Lancaster to Preston.