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CHAPTER VII.
PROGRESS OF THE VIRGINIA COLONY.
Introduction of Negro Slavery into Virginia-Efforts of the Assembly to Restrict
Slavery-The Indians Attempt the Destruction of the Colony-Terrible Sufferings
of the Whites-Aid from England-The Indian War Begun-King James Revokes
the Charter of the London Company-Charles I. Desires a Monopoly of the
Tobacco Trade-Action of the Assembly-Sir William Berkeley's First Adminis-
tration-Severe Measures against Dissenters-Close of the Indian War-Death of
Opechancanough-Emigration of Royalists to Virginia-Virginia and the Common-
wealth-Treaty with England-The Assembly Asserts its Independence of the
Governor-The Restoration-Berkeley Chosen Governor by the Assembly-His
Hypocrisy.........
CHAPTER VIII..
VIRGINIA AFTER THE RESTORATION.
.... 113
Characteristics of the Virginians-Causes of the Success of the Royalists-Growth of
the Aristocratic Class-Berkeley decides against the People-The Aristocratic
Assembly Claims the Right to sit Perpetually-Deprives the Common People of·
their Liberties-Revival of the Navigation Act by Charles II.-The King bestows
Virginia as a Gift upon his Favorites-Protests of the Assembly-Growing Hostility
of the Virginians to the Colonial Government-The Indian War-The Governor
Refuses to allow the Colonists to Defend themselves-Nathaniel Bacon-He
Marches against the Indians-Rebellion of the People against Berkeley and the
Assembly-The Convention-Repeal of the Obnoxious Laws-Berkeley's Duplicity
-The People take up Arms-Flight of Berkeley-Destruction of Jamestown-
Death of Bacon-Causes of the Failure of the Rebellion-Berkeley's Triumph-
Execution of the Patriot Leaders-Berkeley's Course Condemned by the King-
Death of Berkeley-The Unjust Laws Re-enacted-Lord Culpepper Governor-His
Extortions-James II. and Virginia-Effects upon Virginia of the Revolution of
1688 William and Mary College Founded...... .... 121
CHAPTER IX.
THE COLONIZATION OF MARYLAND.
Extent of the Territory of Virginia-Clayborne's Trading-Posts established-Sir
George Calvert, Lord Baltimore-Becomes interested in American Colonization—
Obtains a Grant of Maryland-Terms of the Charter-A Colony sent out-Arrival
in the Chesapeake-St. Mary's Founded-Character of the Colony-Friendly Rela-
tions established with the Indians-First Legislature of Maryland-Trouble with
Clayborne-Rapid Growth of the Colony-Progress of Popular Liberty-Policy.
respecting the Treatment of the Indians-Clayborne's Rebellion-Law granting
Religious Toleration enacted-Condition of Maryland under the Commonwealth-
The People declared Supreme-Lord Baltimore recovers his Proprietary Rights-
Characteristics of the Colony-Rapid Increase in Population-Charles Calvert,
Governor-Death of the second Lord Baltimore-Roman Catholics disfranchised-
Maryland becomes a Royal Province-Triumph of the Protestants-Annapolis
made the Seat of Government-Restoration of the Proprietary Government-Con-
tinued Prosperity of Maryland..........
126
CHAPTER X.
THE PILGRIM FATHERS.
Ise of the Puritans-Their Increase in England-They are Persecuted by the
English Church and Government-Conduct of James I.-His Hatred of Puritan-
ism-Puritans take Refuge in Holland-The Congregation of John Robinson-They
Escape to Holland-The Pilgrims-Their Sojourn at Leyden-They wish to Emi-
grate to Virginia-Failure of their Negotiations with the London Company-They
form a Partnership in England-A Hard Bargain-Departure of the Pilgrims from
Holland-Voyage of the "Mayflower"-Arrival in New England-The Agreement
on board the "Mayflower "-Carver chosen Governor-Settlement of Plymouth—
The first Winter in New England-Sufferings of the Pilgrims-Arrival of new
Emigrants-Continued Suffering-Assignment of Lands-Friendly Intercourse
with Indians-Samoset and Squanto-Visit of Massasoit-A Threat of War-
Bradford's Defiance-Weston's Men-A Narrow Escape-The Colonists Purchase
the Interests of their English Partners Lands Assigned in Fee Simple-The
Colony Benefited by the Change-Government of Plymouth-Steady Growth of the
Colony
........... 147
CHAPTER XI.
SETTLEMENT OF MASSACHUSETTS AND RHODE ISLAND.
Settlement of New Hampshire-The English Puritans determine to form a new
Colony in America-The Plymouth Council-A Colony sent out to Salem under
Endicott-Colonization of Massachusetts Bay begun-A Charter obtained-Conces-
sions of the King-Progress of the Salem Colony-The Charter and Government
of the Colony removed to New England-Arrival of Governor Winthrop-Settle-
ment of Boston-Sufferings of the Colonists-Roger Williams-His Opinions give
offence to the Authorities-The Success of the Bay Colony established-Growth of
Popular Liberty-The Ballot Box-Banishment of Roger Williams-He goes into
the Wilderness-Founds Providence-Growth of Williams's Colony-Continued
growth of Massachusetts-Arrival of Sir Henry Vane-Is elected Governor-Mrs,
Anne Hutchinson-The Antinomian Controversy-Mrs. Hutchinson banished—
Settlement of Rhode Island-Murder of Mrs. Hutchinson.........
166
CHAPTER XII.
COLONIZATION OF CONNECTICUT.
The Dutch Claim the Connecticut Valley-They build a Fort at Hartford-Governor
Winslow makes a Lodgment in Connecticut for the English-Withdrawal of the
Dutch-The First Efforts of the English to Settle Connecticut-Emigration of
Hooker and his Congregation-They Settle at Hartford-Winthrop builds a Fort
at Saybrooke-Hostility of the Indians-Visit of Roger Williams to Miantonomoh
-A Brave Deed-The Pequod War-Capture of the Indian Fort-Destruction of
the Pequod Tribe-Effect of this War upon the other Tribes-Connecticut Adopts a
Constitution-Its Peculiar Features-Settlement of New Haven....... 180
1
CHAPTER XIII.
THE UNION OF THE NEW ENGLAND COLONIES.
Feeling of the Colonies towards England-Hostility of the English Government to
New England-Efforts to Introduce Episcopacy-Massachusetts Threatens Resist-
ance-The Revolution in England-Establishment of Free Schools in New Eng-
land-Harvard College-The Printing Press-The Long Parliament Friendly to
New England-The United Colonies of New England-Rhode Island obtains a
Charter-Maine Annexed to Massachusetts-The Quakers are Persecuted-Efforts
to Christianize the Indians-John Eliot, the Apostle to the Indians...........
CHAPTER XIV.
NEW ENGLAND AFTER THE RESTORATION.
Arrival of the News of the Restoration of Charles II.-The Regicides in New England
-They are Protected-Revival of the Navigation Acts-Effect of this measure upon
the New England Colonies-Massachusetts delays the Proclamation of the King—
Connecticut obtains a Charter-Union of New Haven with the Connecticut Colony
-Rhode Island given a new Charter-Massachusetts settles her difficulties with
the Crown-Changes in the Government-High-handed acts of the Royal Commis-
sioners-Troubles with the Indians-Injustice of the Whites-King Philip's War
-A Forest Hero-An Incident in the Attack upon Hadley-Sufferings of the Colo-
nies-Destruction of the Narragansetts-Death of Philip-Close of the War-Eng-
land asserts her right to Tax the Colonies-Massachusetts buys Gorges' claims to
Maine-New Hampshire made a separate Province-James II. revokes the Charter
of Massachusetts-Dudley and Randolph in New England-Andros appointed
Governor-General-His Tyranny-He demands the Charter of Connecticut-It is
carried away and Hidden-The Charter Oak-Fall of James II.-The people of
Massachusetts take up Arms-Andros arrested-Effects of the Revolution upon
New England..............
188
198
CHAPTER XV.
WITCHCRAFT IN MASSACHUSETTS.
Results of the Failure of Massachusetts to Resume her Charter-The New Charter-
Loss of the Liberties of the Colony-Union of Plymouth with Massachusetts Bay-
Belief in Witchcraft-The History of Witchcraft in Massachusetts-The Case of
the Goodwin Children-Cotton Mather espouses the Cause of the Witches-
Samuel Parris-He Originates the Salem Delusion-A Strange History-A Special
Court Appointed for the Trial of the Witches-The Victims-Execution of the Rev.
George Burroughs-Cotton Mather's Part in the Tragedies-The General Court
takes Action in behalf of the People-End of the Persecution-Failure of Cotton
Mather's Attempt to Save his Credit.........
216
CHAPTER XVI.
THE SETTLEMENT OF NEW YORK.
Voyages of Henry Hudson-He is Employed by the Dutch-Discovery of the Hud-
son River-Early Dutch Voyages-Adrian Block-Fate of Hudson-The Dutch
build a Fort on Manhattan Island-Settlement of New Amsterdam-The Province
named New Netherlands-Fort Nassau-Peter Minuits Governor-The Dutch Set-
tlement of Delaware-Wouter Van Twiller-Kieft Governor-His Unjust Treat-
ment of the Indians-Massacre of the Indians at Hoboken-The Indian War-Stuy-
vesant Appointed Governor-Disputes with the English in Connecticut-The Swedes
Settle Delaware-Stuyvesant Captures the Swedish Forts-Growth of New Amster-
dam-Disputes between the People and Governor-Growing Spirit of Popular Lib-
erty-The People Appeal to the States General-Capture of New Netherlands by
the English-The Name of the Province changed to New York-Results of the
English Conquest-Progress of New Jersey--Andros Governor of New York-He
Fails to Establish his Authority over Connecticut-New York allowed an Assem-
bly-Discontents of the People-Leisler's Rebellion-Execution of Leisler and
Milbourne-Fletcher Governor-His Attempt to obtain Command of the Connect-
icut Militia-Episcopacy Established in New York-The Freedom of the Press
Sustained-New Jersey a Royal Province.......
CHAPTER XVII.
COLONIZATION OF PENNSYLVANIA.
228
The Quakers-Their Origin and Doctrines-William Penn-Becomes a Quaker-Is
Persecuted for his Religious Opinions-Becomes Interested in American Coloniza-
tion-Purchases West Jersey from the Proprietor-Conceives the Idea of Founding
a Free State in America-Purchases Pennsylvania from Charles II.—Conditions of
his Charter-Sends out a Colony-Arrival of Penn in America—Philadelphia
Founded-Penn's Treaty with the Indians-Religious Toleration Guaranteed—
Penn's Relations with his Colonists-Rapid Growth of Pennsylvania in Popula-
tion and Prosperity-William Penn and James II.-Renewal of Penn's Troubles
---William III. Declares Pennsylvania a Royal Province-Penn is Vindicated and
Restored to his Proprietary Rights-His Return to Pennsylvania-Character of
the Settlers of the Province-Penn Goes Back to England-Efforts to deprive him
of his Possessions-His Death... ...... 255
CHAPTER XVIII.
SETTLEMENT OF THE CAROLINAS.
Gradual Settlement of North Carolina from Virginia-Charles II. grants Carolina
to Clarendon and others-The "Grand Model"-An Ideal Aristocracy Proposed
for Carolina-The Authority of the Proprietaries Established in North Carolina-
Continued Settlement of that Region-Characteristics of the Early Settlers of
North Carolina-The People Reject the Grand Model-Hostility of England to the
Colonial Commerce-Insurrection in North Carolina-Slothel Governor-Settle-
ment of South Carolina-Charleston Founded-The Proprietary Constitutions
Rejected by South Carolina-Rapid Growth of the Colony-Introduction of Slavery
--Characteristics of the Early Settlers of South Carolina-Efforts to Enforce the
Navigation Acts-Resistance of the People-The Proprietaries Abandon their Con-
stitutions-Archdale's Reforms-Religious Intolerance-Establishment of the
Church of England in South Carolina-Action of the Crown-Continued Pros-
perity of South Carolina-Governor Moore Attacks St. Augustine-Failure of the
Effort-The Spaniards are Repulsed in an Attempt to Capture Charleston-Indian
War in North Carolina-The Tuscaroras Driven Northward-War with the Yem-
massees-Destruction of their Power-Separation of the Carolinas........
CHAPTER XIX.
SETTLEMENT OF GEORGIA.
270
General James Edward Oglethorpe-His Efforts to Reform Prison Discipline of Eng-
land-Proposes to Found a Colony in America for the Poor and for Prisoners for
Debt-A Charter Obtained from the King-Colonization of Georgia-Savannah
Settled-First Years of the Colony-Labors of Oglethorpe-Arrival of New Emi-
grants-Augusta Founded-The Moravian Settlements-The Wesleys in America-
George Whitefield-War between England and Spain-Oglethorpe Invades Florida
-Failure of the Attack upon St. Augustine-The Spaniards Invade Georgia-Ogle-
thorpe's Stratagem-Its Success-Battle of "Bloody Marsh"-Close of the War-
Charges against Oglethorpe-His Vindication-His Return to Europe-Changes in
the Colonial Government-Introduction of Slavery into Georgia-Prosperity of the
Colony... 286
CHAPTER XX.
THE FRENCH IN THE VALLEY OF THE MISSISSIPPI.
Origin of the Hostility of the Iroquois to the French-Settlement of Canada-Plans
of the French respecting the Indians-The Jesuits-Their Work in America—
Success of their Missions-The Early Missionaries—Foundation of a College at
Quebec-Efforts of the Jesuits to Convert the Iroquois-Father Jogues-Death of
Ahasistari-Father Alloüez-The Missions on the Upper Lakes-Father Marquette
-His Exploration of the Upper Mississippi-Death of Marquette-La Salle-
Efforts of France to Secure the Valley of the Mississippi-La Salle Descends the
Mississippi to its Mouth-His Effort to Colonize the Lower Mississippi-The First
Colony in Texas-Its Failure-Death of La Salle-Lemoine d'Ibberville-Settle-
ment of Louisiana-Colony of Biloxi-Settlement of Mobile-Crozat's Monopoly
-Founding of New Orleans-Detroit Founded-Slow Growth of the French Colo-
nies-Occupation of the Ohio Valley by the French-Wars with the Indians-Ex-
termination of the Natchez Tribe-War with the Chickasaws....................
CHAPTER XXI.
THE ENGLISH AND FRENCH COME IN CONFLICT.
Relations between the English and the Five Nations-The Hostility of the Latter to
the French-King William's War-Destruction of Dover-The Jesuit Missionaries
incite the Indians to attack the English-Expedition against Quebec-Attack on
Dustin's Farm-Peace of Ryswick-Hostility of the English to Roman Catholics—
Queen Anne's War-Burning of Deerfield-Eunice Williams-Cruelties of the
French-Effort of New England to Conquer Acadia-Capture of Port Royal-
298