A rope was put about his neck and he was barely lifted from the ground. The frightened man fainted and Dr. Chamberlain, feeling his pulse, pronounced him dead.

This announcement immediately sobered the roisterers. They revived the man from his faint and so showered him with presents that he would have been willing to be hanged again.

The year 1818 witnessed a number of events in Detroit. The Lyceum was organized January 14. The corner stone of Ste. Anne's Church was laid at Larned and Bates streets June 9. July 4 was celebrated with unusual pomp and ceremony in a field back of the old Gen. Cass house between First, Cass, Fort and Larned streets, for which the military turned out in full· dress. The Detroit Mechanic's Society was organized July 20. It was not limited to mechanics, but had many prominent citizens among its membership.

On July 27 an ordinance was passed providing for the public whipping of drunkards, disorderly persons, petty thieves, wifebeaters and other small offenders. A public whipping post was erected just above the market at the intersection of Jefferson and Woodward avenues and remained there until 1831. The first session of a Protestant Sunday school was held October 4, 1818.

Detroit built a new jail which was ready for occupation in the spring of 1819. The site of it was what is now known as Library Park. This new building was 44 by 88 feet on the ground

OLD COUNCIL HOUSE
AT JEFFERSON AND RANDOLPH S.W.

and was surrounded by a high picket fence. The first jail of record was the guardhouse of the older town located near the eastern end. After the fire of 1805 an old blockhouse on what is now Jefferson Avenue, between Cass and Wayne streets, was utilized for a jail. The last jail preceding the new structure was on the north side of Jefferson Avenue about 50 feet east of Shelby Street. On December 27, 1821, two Indians, Kewaubis,

from the Upper Peninsula, and Katauka, from Green Bay, were hanged in front of this jail for murder.

Kewaubis shot down Dr. W. S. Madison without provocation, and Katauka killed a trader named Charles Ulrich for some real or fancied grievance. They were tried and convicted in the Council House in Detroit.

On the day of their execution they watched the erection of a rude gallows in the jail yard with keen interest. One of them, to show his contempt for the white man's justice, made a rude sketch on the wall of the cell in which they were confined which represented the gallows with two Indians hanging from it. Then

they called for a piece of rawhide which they stretched and bound with care over the open end of a pail in their cell, thus making a rude Indian drum. One of them sat down on the floor and began beating the drum with his fingers, and to the rude rhythm of this accompaniment the other, standing with his face. to the sky before the open window, chanted his death song. His preparation for death being finished, he sat down and drummed for his companion's death song. When they were led to the scaffold and the nooses were placed about their necks, they seemed to be the least concerned individuals of all the throng which witnessed their execution.

In 1847 the Supreme Court decided that the county had no title to the site of the jail, so the site of the present jail was purchased at Beaubien and Clinton streets and this site has been used up to the present time.

In 1823 the people of Detroit, thoroughly disgusted with the rule of the Territory under the Governor and Judges plan, sent a petition to Congress which bore fruit, and on March 3 an act was passed transferring the government to the Governor and a Legislative Council. The people were to elect 18 candidates, of whom the President was to select nine for appointment with the approval of the Senate. When the news arrived at Detroit, March 27, the town held a noisy celebration, firing cannon, and the day ended with fireworks and a banquet at Woodworth's Hotel at which the Governor presided.

Thus Judge Woodward and his associates were legislated out of office and soon after he left Detroit. The first Territorial Council was held in Detroit in 1824 and in the following year the Territory was divided into legislative districts.

On November 25, 1824, Thanksgiving Day was celebrated in Detroit for the first time. This was due to the steady influx of New Englanders. Gov. Cass, a native of New Hampshire, issued the proclamation. In 1825 the Legislative Council was increased from 9 to 13 members. In that year the first street paving with cobblestones was contracted for in Jefferson Avenue. A board of commissioners started the survey of a road to Chicago. The first horse-boat ferry to Windsor was established. The

paddle wheels were operated by horses going round and round a circular track in the middle of the deck. Congress donated to the city the Military Reserve, which included Fort Shelby and considerable adjoining land. Ex-Presidents John Adams and Thomas Jefferson died on the same day, July 4, and a special session of the common council decreed that all citizens of Detroit wear crepe on their left arms for a period of 30 days.

D

CHAPTER LI

A DECADE OF MANY CHANGES

URING the decade of the 1820's Detroit underwent

many notable changes which completely altered the appearance of the main streets south of Lafayette. The fire of 1805 had swept away old Ste. Anne's Church along with the rest of the town. There was left but the blackened stumps of a ruin standing in the midst of a graveyard and the place soon grew up to weeds and briars. For a short time services were held in a tent on the common. Then the Meldrum warehouse, the only building left standing after the fire, was used for the church for several years. About 1809 this was abandoned for a newly built log church on Spring Hill farm in Springwells township which Fr. Richard rented from the United States Government for $205 a year. This served for the people west of the town. For those on the east a rude chapel was built on the Melcher or Church farm in Hamtramck township.

Those troubled years were not favorable to a rebuilding of the church. During the War of 1812 Fr. Richard was always loyal to the American cause and for this he was at one time imprisoned in the jail at Sandwich. The people of the church could not agree in the matter of rebuilding, some favoring the old site and some a new one. The matter was finally settled when the Governor and Judges in 1817 gave the parish a grant of land which is now bounded by Bates, Congress, Randolph and Larned streets to be used for a church, parish house and cemetery. On June 9, 1818, the corner stone of the new Ste. Anne's Church was laid by Bishop Flaget, of Montreal. In consideration of this land grant the parish relinquished all claim to the old site where the former church had been burned. The church was also given six sections of land in Monroe County by the Treaty of Fort Meigs. As a result of the abandonment