Pastoral Cities: Urban Ideals and the Symbolic Landscape of AmericaUniv of Wisconsin Press, 1987 - 272 Seiten What has the city meant to Americans? James L. Machor explores this question in a provocative analysis of American responses to urbanization in the context of the culture's tendency to valorize nature and the rural world. Although much attention has been paid to American rural-urban relations, Machor focuses on a dimension largely overlooked by those seeking to explain American conceptions of the city. While urban historians and literary critics have explicitly or implicitly emphasized the opposition between urban and rural sensibilities in America, an equally important feature of American thought and writing has been the widespread interest in collapsing that division. Convinced that the native landscape has offered special opportunities, Americans since the age of settlement have sought to build a harmonious urban-pastoral society combining the best of both worlds. Moreover, this goal has gone largely unchallenged in the culture except for the sophisticated responses in the writings of some of America's most eminent literary artists. Pastoral Cities explains the development of urban pastoralism from its origins in the prophetic vision of the New Jerusalem, applied to America in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, through its secularization in the urban planning and reform of the 1800s. Machor critiques the sophisticated treatment of urban pastoralism by writers such as Emerson, Whitman, Hawthorne, Wharton, and James by skillfully by combining cultural analysis with a close reading of urban plans, travel narratives, sermons, and popular novels. The product of this multifaceted approach is an analysis that works to reveal both the strengths and weaknesses of the pastoral ideal as cultural mythology. |
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Inhalt
America and the European | 27 |
Millennialism and the Puritan Urbe | 47 |
The EighteenthCentury | 71 |
Urbanization and the Western | 121 |
NineteenthCentury Urban Reform | 145 |
From Brooklyn Ferry | 175 |
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According American appear argued asserted become begins believed Boston building called central century Chicago civilization claim colony conception concern constitutes continued Cortes create Crèvecoeur culture early earth effect efforts Emerson England environment Europe European exist explained fact farmer Franklin future garden growing growth Hawthorne houses human idea ideal identified imagination important individual inhabitants interest James Jerusalem John Journal land landscape lead Letter lives London major Mather means mind moral myth native nature noted Olmsted park particularly past pattern Philadelphia poem position possesses present Press produce progress promoting Puritan reform relation response result rural scene seemed sense shared social society suggests symbolic things thought tion town turn Univ urban pastoralism Utopia values vision West Western Whitman writings York