The Evolution of Sex DeterminationOxford University Press, 2014 - 222 páginas Sexual reproduction is a fundamental aspect of life. It is defined by the occurrence of meiosis and the fusion of two gametes of different sexes or mating types. Sex-determination mechanisms are responsible for the sexual fate and development of sexual characteristics in an organism, be it a unicellular alga, a plant, or an animal. In many cases, sex determination is genetic: males and females have different alleles or different genes that specify their sexual morphology. In animals, this is often accompanied by chromosomal differences. In other cases, sex may be determined by environmental (e.g. temperature) or social variables (e.g. the size of an organism relative to other members of its population). Surprisingly, sex-determination mechanisms are not evolutionarily conserved but are bewilderingly diverse and appear to have had rapid turnover rates during evolution. Evolutionary biologists continue to seek a solution to this conundrum. What drives the surprising dynamics of such a fundamental process that always leads to the same outcome: two sex types, male and female? The answer is complex but the ongoing genomic revolution has already greatly increased our knowledge of sex-determination systems and sex chromosomes in recent years. This novel book presents and synthesizes our current understanding, and clearly shows that sex-determination evolution will remain a dynamic field of future research. The Evolution of Sex Determination is an advanced, research level text suitable for graduate students and researchers in genetics, developmental biology, and evolution. |
Conteúdo
1 What are sexes and why are there sexes? | 1 |
11 Meiotic sex | 3 |
12 Mating types sexes and genders | 9 |
13 Sex roles sexual conflicts and sexual selection | 15 |
14 Sex determination versus sex differentiation | 16 |
2 The diversity of sexual cycles | 18 |
22 The eukaryote tree of sex | 36 |
3 Molecular mechanisms of sex determination | 37 |
5 The evolution of sex chromosomes | 89 |
51 Recombination arrest | 90 |
52 Genomic consequences of recombination arrest | 97 |
6 Evolutionary correlates of sexdetermination systems | 115 |
62 Sex determination and parthenogenesis | 116 |
63 Sex determination and sex allocation | 117 |
64 Sexual dimorphism and sexual selection | 124 |
65 Sex determination and speciation | 126 |
32 Haploid matingtype determination | 41 |
33 Diploid sex determination | 51 |
34 Selfincompatibility systems and induction types | 71 |
4 The quantitative genetics of sex determination | 78 |
43 Environmental variance and random effects | 80 |
44 Mixed systems | 81 |
GSD versus ESD | 82 |
46 Norms of reaction | 83 |
47 Heritability of sex ratios | 84 |
48 G x E interactions | 86 |
410 Local adaptations | 87 |
7 Transitions among sexdetermination systems | 133 |
72 Evolutionary causes | 134 |
73 Open questions on SD transitions | 144 |
74 Perspectives on SD transitions | 147 |
Glossary | 151 |
References | 160 |
Taxonomic Index | 195 |
205 | |
212 | |
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Termos e frases comuns
alleles angiosperms anisogamy asexual autosomal Bachtrog Beukeboom cascade cells Charlesworth chromo conflict cycle cytoplasmic dimorphism dioecy diploid diplontic diversity Dmrt1 dosage compensation Drosophila effects eggs encodes environmental epigenetic epigenetic sex eukaryotes Evol Biol evolution of sex evolutionary evolved female heterogamety feminizing fertilization fish function fusion gametes gametophytes genetic genome genotype gonad haplodiploidy haploid haplontic hermaphrodites heterogametic sex homologous homothallism hormone hybrid inheritance interactions lineages loci male and female mammals MAT locus maternal mating types mating-type mechanisms meiosis meiotic meiotic-drive mutations Natl Acad Sci non-recombining occurs offspring patterns phenotypic pheromone plants PLoS population Proc Natl Acad produce protein receptor recombination region reproductive resulting role Section self-incompatibility sex allocation sex chromosomes sex determination sex differentiation sex ratios sex-determination genes sex-determination systems sexual selection Sox9 speciation species sporophyte sterility switch temperature tion trait transcription factors transitions trigger Werren Wolbachia Y chromosome zygote