congratulate the world on every blow struck at the holy inquisition. They will do more:-they will perceive the horrid consequences of attempting to domineer over conscience; of committing civil power to sacerdotal hands; of establishing secret tribunals at which no witnesses appear, nor is any mode of confrontation of the accuser and the accused allowed. The silence of the inquisition, the oaths of secrecy administered to all who quit the prisons of the office, are striking proofs of conscious tyranny.

KING TAMAHAMA.

[From Turnbull's Voyage round the World.]

SOON after our arrival at Owhyhee, we received a visit from our countryman, Mr. Young, who had resided there for fourteen years past; from whom we had a confirmation of particulars respecting Tamahama, communicated to us at Whahoo, and of his erecting a royal residence at Mowie, and, above all, of his fixed determination to attempt the conquest of the two other islands of Attowahie and Onehow.

His palace is built, after the European style, of brick, and glazed windows, and defended by a battery of ten guns. He has European and American artificers about him of almost every description. Indeed his own subjects, from their intercourse with Europeans, have acquired a great knowledge of several of the mechanical arts, and have thus enabled him to increase his navy, a very favourite object with him. I have no doubt that in a very few years he will erect amongst these islands a power very far from despicable.

The circumstances of this enterprising chief were greatly changed since the visit of Captain Vancouvre, to whom, as to the servant and representative of the King of Great Britain, with much formality and ceremony, he had made a conveyance, of the sovereignty of Owhyhee, in the hopes of being thus more strongly confirmed in his authority, and supplied with the means of resisting his enemies.

His dominion seems now to be completely established. He is not only a great warrior and politician, but a very acute trader, and a match for any European in driving a bargain. He is well acquainted with the different weights and measures, and the value which all articles ought to bear in exchange with each

other; and is ever ready to take advantage of the necessities of those who apply to him or his people for supplies.

His subjects have already made considerable progress in civilization; but are held in the most abject submission, as Tamahama is inflexible in punishing all offences which seem to counteract his supreme command.

It was only in 1794 that Captain Vancouvre laid down the keel of Tamahama's first vessel, or rather craft; but so assiduously has he applied himself to effect his grand and favourite object, the establishment of a naval force, that at the period of our arrival he had upwards of twenty vessels of different sizes, from twenty-five to seventy tons: some of them were even copper-bottomed.

He was, however, at this time much in want of naval stores; and, to have his navy quickly placed on a respectable footing, would pay well for them. He has also between two and three hundred body-guards to attend him, independently of the number of chiefs who are required to accompany him on all his journeys and expeditions.

In viewing this man, my imagination suggested to me, that I beheld, in its first progress, one of those extraordinary natures which, under other circumstances of fortune and situation, would have ripened into the future hero, and caused the world to resound with his feats of glory. What other was Philip of Macedon, as pictured by the Grecian historians!-a man who overcame every disadvantage of slight resources and powerful rivals, and extended the narrow sovereignty of Macedon into the universal monarchy of Greece and the known world.

Tamahama's ardent desire to obtain a ship from Captain Vancouvre was, in all probability, first excited by the suggestions of Young and his countryman Davis; but such was the effect of this undertaking, that Tamahama became immediately more sparing of his visits on board the Discovery, his time being now chiefly employed in attending to the carpenters at work on this new man of war, which, when finished, was named the Britannia. This was the beginning of Tamahama's navy; and, from his own observation, with the assistance of Messrs. Young, Davis, &c., he has laboured inflexibly in improving his marine force, which he has now brought to a respectable state; securing to him not only a decided speriority over the frail canoes of his neighbours, but the means of transporting his warriors to distant parts. Some of his vessels are employed as transports in carrying provisions from one island to another, to supply his warriors; whilst the largest are used as men of war, and are occasionally mounted with a few light guns. No one better understands his interest than this ambitious chief; no one

better knows how to improve an original idea. The favours of Vancouvre, and his other European benefactors, would have been thrown away on any other savage; but Tamahama possesses a genius above his situation.

His body-guards, who may be considered in some respects as regularly disciplined troops, go on duty not unfrequently with the drum and fife, and relieve each other as in Europe, calling out" all is well," at every half hour, as on board of ship. Their uniform at this time was simply a blue great coat with yellow facings.

FOREIGN TRADE OF THE SANDWICH ISLANDS.

(From the same.)

THE Sandwich Islanders, in the territories of Tamahama, frequently make voyages to the northwest coast of America, and thereby acquire sufficient property to make themselves easy and comfortable, as well as respectable, among their countrymen; to whom, on their return home, they are fond of describing, with great emphasis and extravagance, the singular events of their voyage. Several of them have made considerable progress in the English language; their intercourse with the Anglo-Americans, and the navigators from Britain, having given them the opportunity, of which they have so eagerly availed themselves.

Such is the astonishing assiduity of these people, and such their eagerness to improve their condition, by imitating the callings of the Europeans, that it is not unusual to see some of them exercising the trade of a country blacksmith, having for an anvil a pig of iron kentlage, obtained from some ship; a pair of goatskin bellows, made by himself or some of his countrymen; and his charcoal fire; making articles suited to the wants of his countrymen, or repairing and mending such as stand in need of it, with an ingenuity surpassing what might be expected under such circumstances.

The canoes of the Sandwich Islands far surpassed any that we had seen in other parts of the world; not only in solidity and strength, but in the neatness and skill of workmanship. These canoes are so well calculated for speed, that we have seen the natives work them along, with their short paddles, at the rate of eleven or twelve miles an hour, and fairly run them under water.

They are already well acquainted with the trade on the northwest coast of America; and from thence they may draw many articles to make up a cargo for their own country, or the neighbouring islands to the westward.

It may naturally be asked what articles of commerce or barter can be possessed by the Sandwich Islanders, a people just sprung from nature? The answer is at hand; they are able to furnish fire-arms, gunpowder, hardware, and cloth of different sorts; of all which Tamahama has accumulated more than is required for their own consumption.

These have been acquired in exchange for labour and refreshment supplied to the shipping who have touched there; particularly such as are engaged in the trade to the northwest parts of America. When the cargoes of these last are completed, they readily part with such articles as remain, at a very low rate, rather than be encumbered with them during the remainder of their voyage. Besides the abovementioned articles of foreign introduction, the Sandwich Islanders possess the sandal wood, pearl oyster-shell, and some pearls, all articles of high value in the China market; but one difficulty still remains to their accomplishment of this object, which is the want of hands to navigate their ships on voyages of such length and intricacy. Fortunately, however, for these enterprising people, they have now resident among them several Europeans and Anglo-Americans, men of ability and knowledge; such as Mr. Young, Mr. Davis, Capt. Stewart, &c. &c. For twelve or fourteen years before our visit, these gentlemen had employed themselves successfully in instructing the natives, and their extraordinary chief Tamahama, in many useful arts, and particularly in that of navigation from island to island; so that many of the inhabitants have thus become brave, hardy, and not inexperienced sailors.

ACCOUNT OF C. M. WIELAND.

TO no writer of the age, perhaps, are the literature, the language, and the public taste of the Germans under such great obligations as to Wieland, whose talents have for half a century been the boast and admiration of the country which gave him birth. Few authors of any nation have written so much; but what constitutes a far more honourable distinction, still fewer have written so well. Possessing uncommon versatility of genius, Wieland was equally eminent as a poet and a prose writer, as a moralist nd a philosopher, as a translator and an author f the most brilliant original.ty and invention. The spirited and

elegant translation of his Oberon, by Mr. Sotheby, has afforded the English reader a favourable specimen of Wieland's poetical powers; but it is impossible that his merits can be fairly appreciated in this country, where so few of his numerous works have yet found their way before the public.

Wieland died, in his 80th year, in January, 1813, and was interred on the 25th of the same month in the garden belonging to his late mansion at Osmannstädt, six miles from Wiemar, now the property of M. Kühne, by the side of his beloved wife and his young friend, Sophie Brentano. Here, supremely happy in the bosom of his family, Wieland had passed several years, from 1798 to 1803, in the enjoyment of rural pleasures; and here he was visited by the amiable Sophie Bretano, the granddaughter of his juvenile friend, Sophie von Laroche. With a prepossessing person, she united the greatest diversity of talents and the highest feminine delicacy; a soft melancholy, which sometimes clouded her eye, and doubtless originated in the constitution of her heart, tended to bind all around still more firmly to this accomplished creature. Cheerfully quitting the bustle of the great world, she felt the beneficial influence of the seclusion and tranquillity of Osmannstädt, the society of the venerable Wieland, and his family assembled around him in patriarchal simplicity. Soon, however, she fell sick, and in spite of the most assiduous attentions, and the best medical aid, she expired September 20, 1800. Wieland, who had loved her as his own child, prepared for her, thus prematurely snatched from him, a repository in the little grove at the lower end of his garden.

It was not long before he was destined to endure another severe trial. On the 9th of November, 1801, he lost his wife, who belonged to a noble family of Augsburg, named Hillenbrandt. The faithful partner of his life, the tender mother of his children, was laid beside his departed friend, and added to the mournful sanctity of the spot. Wieland determined that his remains also should once repose together with those of the two objects of his love; often did he repair to their graves, and sat lost in contemplation, on a turf seat, which is yet carefully preserved.

A country life lost all its charms for Wieland after the decease of his faithful wife; he, therefore, in 1803, disposed of the estate of Osmannstädt to the present proprietor, M. Kühne, from Hamburg, and returned to Wiemar; where the two courts by which he had been constantly patronised, as well as the circle of his friends, received him, as usual, with respect and affection. The Duchess Amelia prepared for him a new and agreeable summer retreat, at her charming residence at Tiefurth, where he, with