No Congress till

TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 25TH.

In favor of the motion of Mr. GILMAN, (see the Journal of this date,) to refer the officers of the army for their half-pay to their respective States, it was urged that this plan alone would secure to the officers any advantage from that engagement; since Congress had no independent fund out of which it could be fulfilled, and the States of Connecticut and Rhode Island, in particular, would not comply with any recommendation of Congress, nor even requisition, for that purpose. It was also said that it would be satisfactory to the officers; and that it would apportion on the States that part of the public burden with sufficient equality. Mr. DYER said, that the original promise of Congress on that subject was considered, by some of the States, as a fetch upon them, and not within the spirit of the authority delegated to Congress. Mr. WOLCOTT said the States would give Congress nothing whatever, unless they were gratified in this particular. Mr. COLLINS said Rhode Island had expressly instructed her Delegates to oppose every measure tending to an execution of the promise out of moneys under the disposition of Congress.

On the other side it was urged, that the half-pay was a debt as solemnly contracted as any other debt; and was, consequently, as binding under the twelfth Article of the Confederation on the States, and that they could not refuse a requisition made for that purpose; that it would be improper to countenance

a spirit of that sort by yielding to it; that such concessions on the part of Congress would produce compliances on the part of the States, in other instances, clogged with favorite conditions; that a reference of the officers to the particular States to whose lines they belong would not be satisfactory to the officers of those States who objected to half-pay, and would increase the present irritation of the army; that to do it without their unanimous consent would be a breach of the contract by which the United States, collectively, were bound to them; and, above all, that the proposed plan which discharged any particular State which should settle with its officers on this subject, although other States might reject the plan, from its proportion of that part of the public burden, was a direct and palpable departure from the law of the Confederation. According to this instrument, the whole public burden of debt must be apportioned according to a valuation of land; nor could any thing but a unanimous concurrence of the States dispense with this law. According to the plan proposed, so much of the public burden as the half-pay should amount to was to be apportioned according to the number of officers belonging to each line; the plan to take effect, as to all those States which should adopt it, without waiting for the unanimous adoption of the States; and that, if Congress had authority to make the number of officers the rule of apportioning one part of the public debt on the States, they might extend the rule to any other arbitrary rule which they should think fit. The motion of Mr. GILMAN was negatived. See the ayes and noes on the Journal.

WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 26TH.

Mr. LEE observed to Congress, that it appeared, from the newspapers of the day, that sundry enormities had been committed by the refugees within the State of Delaware, as it was known that like. enormities had been committed on the shores of the Chesapeake, notwithstanding the pacific professions of the enemy; that it was probable, however, that if complaint were to be made to the British Commander at New York, the practice would be restrained. He accordingly moved that a committee might be appointed to take into consideration the means of restraining such practices. The motion was seconded by Mr. PETERS. By Mr. FITZSIMMONS the motion was viewed as tending to a request of favors from Sir Guy Carleton. It was apprehended by others, that, as General Washington and the commanders of separate armies had been explicitly informed of the sense of Congress on this point, any fresh measures thereon might appear to be a censure on them; and that Congress could not ground any measure on the case in question, having no official information relative to it. The motion of Mr. LEE was negatived; but it appearing, from the vote, to be the desire of many members that some step might be taken by Congress, the motion of Mr. MADISON and Mr. MERCER, as it stands on the Journal, was proposed and agreed to, as free from all objections.

A motion was made by Mr. HAMILTON to give a brevet commission to Major Burnet, aid to General

Greene, and messenger of the evacuation of Charleston, of Lieutenant-Colonel; there being six ayes only, the motion was lost; New Hampshire, no; Mr. LEE and Mr. MERCER, no.

The Committee, consisting of Mr. LEE, &c., to whom had been referred the motion of Mr. HAMILTON, recommending to the States to authorize Congress to make abatements in the retrospective apportionment, by a valuation of land in favor of States whose ability, from year to year, had been most impaired by the war, reported that it was inexpedient to agree to such motion, because one State (Virginia) having disagreed to such a measure on a former recommendation to Congress, it was not probable that another recommendation would produce any effect; and because the difficulties of making such abatements were greater than the advantages expected from them.

Mr. LEE argued in favor of the Report, and the reasons on which it was grounded. The Eastern Delegations were for leaving the matter open for future determination, when an apportionment should be in question.

Mr. MADISON said, he thought that the principle of the motion was conformable to justice, and within the spirit of the Confederation; according to which apportionments ought to have been made from time to time, throughout the war, according to the existing wealth of each State. But that it would be improper to take up this case separately from other claims of equity, which would be put in by other States; that the most likely mode of obtaining the concurrence of the States in any plan, would be to VOL. I.-23*

comprehend in it the equitable interests of all of them; a comprehensive plan of that sort would be the only one that would cut off all sources of future controversy among the States. That as soon as the plan of revenue should be prepared for recommendation to the States, it would be proper for Congress to take into consideration, and combine with it, every object which might facilitate its progress, and for a complete provision for the tranquillity of the United States. The question on Mr. HAMILTON's motion

was postponed.

* He had in view the following objects: First, the abatements proposed by Mr. HAMILTON. Second, a transfer, into the common mass of expenses, of all the separate expenses incurred by the States in their particular defence. Third, an acquisition to the United States of the vacant territory. The plan thus extended would affect the interest of the States as follows, viz: New Hampshire would approve the establishment of a general revenue, as tending to support the Confederacy, to remove causes of future contention, and to secure her trade against separate taxation from the States through which it is carried on. She would also approve of a share in the vacant territory. Having never been much invaded by the enemy, her interest would be opposed to the abatements, and throwing all the separate expenditures into the common mass. The discharge of the public debts from the common treasury would not be required by her interest, the loans of her citizens being under her proportion. See the statement of them.

Massachusetts is deeply interested in the discharge of the public debts. The expedition to Penobscot alone interests her, she supposes, in making a common mass of expenses; her interest is opposed to abatements; the other would not peculiarly affect her.

Rhode Island, as a weak State, is interested in a general revenue, as tending to support the Confederacy, and prevent future contentions; but against it, as tending to deprive her of the advantage afforded by her situation of taxing the commerce of the contiguous States. As tending to discharge, with certainty, the public debts, her proportion of loans interest her rather against it. Having been the seat of war for a considerable time, she might not, perhaps, be opposed to abatements on that account. The exertions for her defence having been previously sanctioned, it is presumed, in most instances, she would be opposed to making a common mass of expenses. In the acquisition of vacant territory, she is deeply and anxiously interested.

Connecticut is interested in a general revenue, as tending to protect her commerce from separate taxation from New York and Rhode Island, and somewhat