general, in a long speech, aroused their animosity against the "Bostonians," as the men of the revolution were then called. He thought proper also to indulge a little in the hypocritical language of humanity,-as if a lesson of humanity, addressed to a savage while marching to battle, were anything but a mockery. He cautioned the ferocious barbarians not to scalp the wounded, nor their prisoners; but a bounty was to be given for every prisoner taken and brought in alive.

In June, the army arrived at Crown Point, and on the 19th, operations were commenced against Ticonderoga. General Gates had been succeeded in his command at the north by General Schuyler, who placed this fortress in good order for defence, and gave the command to General St. Clair. The fort was approached by the British, on the right wing of the American army, on the 2d of July, and possession taken of Mount Defiance. This lies contiguous to Ticonderoga, and overlooks the fortress. This mount had hitherto been deemed inaccessible, and had remained unoccupied. Cannon were hoisted by tackles, until the force was sufficient to dislodge the garrison. To save the men, Ticonderoga was now abandoned, and the American land force retired to Hubbardton, and thence to Castleton, where a stand was made, about thirty miles from Ticonderoga.

General Frazer, supported by General Reidesel, commenced a pursuit in the morning, with the light troops of the British and Germans, and overtook the American rearguard, under Colonel Warner, at Castleton, and commenced an attack on the 7th, which became sharp and bloody. The British were routed at first, with loss; but finding that Colonel Warner was not supported by General St. Clair, they rallied to the combat, and, with the bayonet, charged and dispersed the American rear, with the loss of about three hundred men; and Colonel Warner retired with the remainder of his troops to Fort Ann.

Burgoyne, with the main body of the British army, sailed from Ticonderoga, in pursuit of the American fleet; destroyed and dispersed the whole, and landed at Skenes

borough, now Whitehall. He there detached LieutenantColonel Hill, with a strong party, to dislodge the Americans from Fort Ann. The garrison marched out on the morning of the 6th, and commenced an attack upon the detachment, which was sharply supported by both parties for about two hours, with apparent success on the part of the Americans; but a party of Indians appeared and joined Colonel Hill, and the Americans withdrew from the field, abandoned the fortress, and retired to Fort Edward, July 12th. The whole force, at this time, at Fort Edward, did not exceed five thousand men.

The operations of both armies were now commenced with vigor. In his retreat, the American general destroyed bridges, and obstructed the roads, to impede the pursuit of Burgoyne; but all these difficulties were surmounted, and, on the 30th, the British force reached Fort Edward, which had been abandoned by Schuyler on the 27th. He retired to Saratoga, and, on the 1st of August, removed to Stillwater, only twenty-five miles north of Albany. The nation saw, with deep regret, that this remnant of an army was compelled to flee before a victorious enemy, and that those important fortresses were abandoned. These events greatly depressed the spirits of our countrymen, while the foe exulted in the triumph.

On the 3d of August, Colonel St. Leger was detached by General Burgoyne against Fort Stanwix, on the Mohawk, as a diversion. To relieve the fort, the American general, Herkimer, advanced with eight hundred militia. Near the fort he fell into an Indian ambush, and was killed in a most severe action. The garrison sallied out, decided the sanguinary contest, drove off the Indians, and relieved the fortress. The colonel sent a summons to the fort to surrender, but Colonel Gansevoort returned a prompt and spirited refusal. The siege of the fort was continued, and the garrison were too weak to relieve themselves. object which cannot be accomplished by force is often obtained by stratagem. Major Butler, a noted officer among the Indians, and a man by the name of Cuyler, who was taken up as a spy, were prisoners in the Ameri

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can camp. It was proposed that they should be employed as deceptive messengers to spread an alarm and induce the enemy to retreat. General Arnold soon after arrived, and approved of the plan. It was accordingly agreed that they should be liberated on condition that they should return to the enemy and make such exaggerated report of General Arnold's force, as to alarm and put them to flight. They were also promised that their estates should be returned to them if they succeeded. Matters being thus adjusted, and Cuyler's coat shot through in two or three places, he started directly for the Indian camp, where he was well known, and informed their warriors that Major Butler was taken, and that himself narrowly escaped, several balls having passed through his coat, and that General Arnold, with a vast force, was advancing rapidly towards them. The stratagem was successful; the Indians determined to quit the siege; nor was it in the power of St. Leger to prevent them. The consequence was, that St. Leger, finding himself deserted by his Indians, to the number of seven or eight hundred, deemed his situation so hazardous that he decamped in the greatest confusion, leaving his tents and most of his artillery and stores behind. In the evening, while on their retreat, St. Leger had a warm altercation with one of the officers about the ill-success of the expedition. Two sachems, observing this, resolved to have a laugh at their expense; they directed a young warrior to loiter in the rear, and then, on a sudden, run as if alarmed, calling out, They are coming-they are coming! On hearing this, the two commanders. rushed into a swamp near by, and the men threw away their packs and hurried off. This joke was repeated several times during the night.

Burgoyne's savage allies not only proved an embarrassment to his movements, by their fickleness and inconstancy, but the horrid cruelties which they practised upon the defenceless inhabitants excited the utmost indignation throughout the country, and brought increased odium upon the British cause. A most aggravated case of this sort was that of Miss M'Crea, a young and beautiful American