Miantonimoh and Uncas, and their respective Indians; and that all past injuries should be remitted, and forever buried: that if any injuries should be done, in future, by one party to the other, they should not immediately revenge it, but appeal to the English to do them justice. It was stipulated, that they should submit to their determination, and that if either party should be obstinate, then they might enforce submission to their decisions. It was further agreed, that neither the Mohegans nor Narragansets should conceal nor entertain any of their enemies, but deliver up or destroy all such Indians as had murdered any English

man or woman.

The English then gave the Pequod Indians to the Narragansets and Mohegans, eighty to Miantonimoh, twenty to Ninnigret, and the other hundred to Uncas, to be received and treated as their men. It was also covenanted that the Pequods should never more inhabit their native country, nor be called Pequods, but Narragansets and Mohegans. It was also further stipulated, that neither the Narragansets nor Mohegans should possess any part of the Pequod country without the consent of the English. The Pequods were to pay a tribute at Connecticut, annually, of a fathom of wampumpeag for every sannup, of half a fathom for every young man, and of a hand for every male papoose. On these conditions, the magistrates, in behalf of the colony, stipulated a firm peace with all the Indians.

The conquest of the Pequods struck all the Indians in New England with terror. The whole Pequod nation was exterminated. There remained not a man, woman nor child of that name. So severe a blow produced a powerful and permanent effect. The land had peace. The infant was safe in the cradle, and the laborer in the fields. The traveller was unmolested on the highway, and the settlement needed no palisadoes. The colonies remained free from Indian hostilities for nearly forty years. In this state of tranquillity the people of Connecticut had leisure to perfect their political institutions. In January, 1639, a

Freedom of suffrage was established, and representation was apportioned according to population. Settlements increased. New Haven was founded in 1638, and Long Island was included in the colony.

CHAPTER XII.

SETTLEMENT OF NEW ENGLAND.-New Hampshire explored by Captain Smith-Settlements made by Gorges and Mason-Portsmouth founded - Union of the colony with Massachusetts-Roger Williams in Massachusetts-Settlement of Rhode Island—Anne Hutchinson and her adherents remove to Rhode Island-The colony obtains a charter-Maine -Settlements on the Kennebec-Charter of Gorges-Union of Maine with Massachusetts—The English conquer New Netherlands—Attempt of Andros on Connecticut-State of religion in the colonies-Persecution of Quakers—Manners and customs-Commerce—Arts, manufactures, and education.

THE Colony of New Hampshire, which now holds a distinguished rank among the New England states, though its settlement began at a very early period, did not become a separate colony till many years after that settlement commenced. Captain Smith, of Virginia, who sailed along the shore of New England, in 1614, and published a chart of the coast, with some account of the country, discovered the river Piscataqua. He found the river to be large, the harbor capacious and safe, and gave a favorable representation of the place as a site for a new plantation.

Gorges and Mason, two members of the council of Plymouth, in England, having obtained from the council a grant of that tract of country, attempted the establishment of a colony and fishery at the river Piscataqua. In the spring of the year 1623, they sent over a few persons for this purpose, who sat down on the south side of the river, near its mouth, and there fixed a temporary residence. This was the beginning of the ancient and flourishing town of Portsmouth. The same year, two of the company erected a fish-house at the place of the present town of Dover.

Founding of Portsmouth.

These settlements, for several years, were small, and scarcely permanent. In 1629, some of the settlers about the Massachusetts Bay wishing to unite with the settlement at Piscataqua, they assembled the chiefs of several Indian tribes at Squamscot Falls, now Exeter, and, for a valuable consideration, made a purchase of an extensive tract of land. In the instrument of conveyance, the natives express a desire to have the English come and settle among them, as among their countrymen in Massachusetts." After this purchase, the plantation had a moderate increase, but no new settlements were made till the year 1638, which was the beginning of the towns of Exeter and Hampton.

The people at Dover early erected a convenient meetinghouse, which was afterwards used as a fortification. A church was soon organized, of a character similar to the churches in the neighboring colonies; and Mr. William Leverich, a worthy and able Puritan divine, came from England, in 1633, and became their minister. The settlement at Portsmouth, in their infant state, erected a house for divine worship, and enjoyed, successively, the labors of several faithful ministers. The ministry of one of these,

Mr. James Parker, was attended with much success. But the town had no regular minister till a number of years after its settlement.

The people who made the settlement of Exeter, in 1638, were mostly from Boston. Having been regularly dismissed from the church in that town, they immediately united in a church relation, on the principles of their mother church. As they judged their settlement to be without the jurisdiction of Massachusetts, they formed themselves into a body politic, chose rulers and assistants, who were sworn to the proper execution of their respective offices, and a correspondent oath of obedience was taken by the people. In this political compact we have an instance of civil government in its simplest, perhaps in its purest form. The magistrates, who were few, were vested with legislative, judicial, and executive authority.

The settlements at Portsmouth and Dover, for several years, were governed, principally, by agents sent over by the proprietors in England. Having experienced many inconveniences from this mode of government, they, separately, forming a civil compact, after the example of their neighbors at Exeter, enacted and enforced their own laws. The combination at Dover was similar to the one at Exeter; at Portsmouth they had a chief magistrate, annually elected, styled a governor.

These settlements, for many years, lived peaceably with the natives, and, from their great advantages for fishery, experienced less of the evils of famine than the neighboring colonies. Placed in distinct civil communities, they soon found themselves exposed to a variety of difficulties, and peculiarly defenceless in the event of trouble from an enemy. Their corporations were necessarily weak, and exposed to the intrusion of vagrants and outlaws, who would not submit to the steady government which was maintained in the colonies of Massachusetts and Plymouth. Had these political combinations been left to the management of their original framers, and their posterity, they might have exhibited an example of the finest republics