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granted during the term; and must be printed, and briefly and distinctly state its grounds, and be supported by certificate of counsel; and will not be granted, or permitted to be argued, unless a judge who concurred in the judgment desires it, and a majority of the court so determines.

30.

INTEREST.

1. In cases where a writ of error is prosecuted in this court, and the judgment of the inferior court is affirmed, the interest shall be calculated and levied, from the date of the judgment below until the same is paid, at the same rate that similar judgments bear interest in the courts of the state or territory where such judgment was rendered.

2. In all cases where a writ of error shall delay the proceedings on the judgment of the inferior court, and shall appear to have been sued out merely for delay, damages at a rate not exceeding ten per cent., in addition to interest, shall be awarded upon the amount of the judgment.

3. The same rule shall be applied to decrees for the payment of money in cases in equity, unless otherwise ordered by this court.

4. În cases in admiralty, damages and interest may be allowed, if specially directed by the court.

31. COSTS.

1. In all cases where any suit shall be dismissed in this court, except where the dismissal shall be for want of jurisdiction, costs shall be allowed to the defendant in error or appellee, unless otherwise agreed by the parties.

2. In all cases of affirmance of any judgment or decree in this court, costs shall be allowed to the defendant in error or appellee, unless otherwise ordered by the court.

3. In cases of reversal of any judgment or decree in this court, costs shall be allowed to the plaintiff in error or appellant, unless otherwise ordered by the court. The cost of the transcript of the record from the court below shall be taxable in that court as costs in the case.

4. Neither of the foregoing sections shall apply to cases where the United States are a party, but in such cases no costs shall be allowed in this court for or against the United States.

5. When costs are allowed in this court, it shall be the duty of the clerk to insert the amount thereof in the body of the mandate, or other proper process, sent to the court below, and annex to the same the bill of items taxed in detail.

6. In all cases certified to the supreme court or removed thereto by certiorari or otherwise, the fees of the clerk of this court shall be paid before a transcript of the record shall be transmitted to the supreme court.

32.

MANDATE.

In all cases finally determined in this court, a mandate, or other proper process in the nature of a procedendo, shall be issued, on the order of this court, to the court below, for the purpose of informing such court of the proceedings in this court, so that further proceedings may be had in such court as to law and justice may appertain.

33.

CUSTODY OF PRISONERS ON HABEAS CORPUS.

1. Pending an appeal from the final decision of any court or judge declining to grant the writ of habeas corpus, the custody of the prisoner shall not be disturbed.

2. Pending an appeal from the final decision of any court or judge discharging the writ after it has been issued, the prisoner shall be remanded to the custody from which he was taken by the writ, or shall, for good cause shown, be detained in custody of the court or judge, or be enlarged upon recognizance, as hereinafter provided.

3. Pending an appeal from the final decision of any court or judge discharging the prisoner, he shall be enlarged upon recognizance, with surety, for appearance to answer the judgment of the appellate court, except where, for special reasons, sureties ought not to be required.

34.

MODELS, DIAGRAMS, AND EXHIBITS OF MATERIAL.

1. Models, diagrams, and exhibits of material, forming part of the evidence taken in the court below, in any case pending in this court, on writ of error or appeal, shall be placed in the custody of the marshal of this court at least ten days before the case is heard or submitted.

2. All models, diagrams, and exhibits of material, placed in the custody of the marshal for the inspection of the court on the hearing of a case, must be taken away by the parties within one month after the case is decided. When this is not done, it shall be the duty of the marshal to notify the counsel in the case, by mail or otherwise, of the requirements of this rule; and, if the articles are not removed within a reasonable time after the notice is given, he shall destroy them, or make such other disposition of them as to him may seem. best.

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AMENDED RULES.

[Subsequent amendments to the rules of the United States Circuit Courts of Appeals will be published in future volumes of these reports.]

FIRST CIRCUIT.

[The rules as originally adopted, where identical with those of the other circuits, will be found at pages XXV-xxxvi. Only such originally adopted rules as were not identical with those of the other circuits, and amendments, changes, and repeals of the rules as originally adopted, are given under this head, reference being made to others in their proper places.]

1.

[As originally adopted. See page xxv.]

2.

[As originally adopted. See page xxv.]

3.

[This rule as originally adopted read as follows: "Terms. One term of this court shall be held annually at the city of Boston on the first Tuesday of October, and shall be adjourned to such times and places as the court may from time to time designate." It was amended. September 15, 1892, to take effect the first Tuesday in November following, Mr. Justice Gray, Judge Colt, and Judge Putnam being present, so as to read as follows:]

TERMS AND SESSIONS.

One term of this court shall be held annually at the city of Boston at ten o'clock in the forenoon on the first Tuesday of October. Stated sessions thereof shall be there held at the same hour on the first Tuesday of every month, and may be adjourned to such times and places as the court may from time to time designate. But, unless otherwise ordered, any adjournment shall be held to have beer. made to the first day of the next stated session.

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4.

[Amendment, adopted October 4, 1898, to take effect on the 1st day of December following; Mr. Justice Gray, Judge Colt, and Judge Putnam being present.]

QUORUM.

1. In the absence of a quorum on any day appointed for holding a term, or on any day to which the court is adjourned, any judge who attends shall adjourn the court from day to day; or, if no judge is present, the clerk shall so adjourn; and, in the absence of all the judges and the clerk, the marshal or his deputy shall so adjourn. But the court may, from time to time, as provided in rule 3, enter orders directing an adjournment, or adjournments, for longer periods than from day to day, or sine die.

2. Any judge attending when less than a quorum is present may make all necessary orders touching any suit, proceeding or process, depending in or returned to the court, preparatory to hearing, trial or decision thereof.

5.

[As originally adopted. See page xxvi.]

6.

[Amendment, adopted September 15, 1892, to take effect the first Tuesday in November following; Mr. Justice Gray, Judge Colt, and Judge Putnam being present.]

MARSHAL AND OTHER OFFICERS.

The marshal shall be in attendance during the sessions of the court, with such number of bailiffs, messengers, and other officers as the court may from time to time order.

7.

[As originally adopted. See page xxvi.]

8.

[As originally adopted. See page xxvii.]

9.

[As originally adopted. See page xxvii.]

10.

[As originally adopted. See page xxvii.]

11.

[As originally adopted. See page xxvii.]

12.

[As originally adopted. See page xxviii.]

13.

SUPERSEDEAS AND COST BONDS.

1. Supersedeas bonds in the Circuit and District Courts must be taken, with good and sufficient security, that the plaintiff in error or appellant shall prosecute his writ or appeal to effect, and answer all damages and costs if he fail to make his plea good. Such indemnity, where the judgment or decree is for the recovery of money not otherwise secured, must be for the whole amount of the judgment or decree, including just damages for delay, and costs and interest on the appeal; but, in all suits where the property in controversy necessarily follows the suit, as in real actions and replevin, and in suits on mortgages, or where the property is in the custody of the marshal under admiralty process, or where the proceeds thereof, or a bond for the value thereof, is in the custody of the court, indemnity in all such cases will be required only in an amount sufficient to secure the sum recovered for the use and detention of the property, and the costs of the suit and just damages for delay, and costs and interest on the appeal.

2. On an appeal from an interlocutory order or decree, the appellant shall, at the time of the allowance thereof, file a bond to the adverse party in such sum as the judge who allowed the appeal shall direct, to answer all costs if he shall fail to sustain his appeal.

14.

WRITS OF ERROR, APPEALS, RETURN, AND RECORD.

1. The clerk of the court to which any writ of error may be directed shall make a return of the same by transmitting a true copy of the record, bill of exceptions, assignment of errors, and all proceedings in the case, under his hand and the seal of the court.

2. In all cases brought to this court by writ of error or appeal to review any judgment or decree, the clerk of the court by which such judgment or decree was rendered shall annex to and transmit with the record a copy of the opinion or opinions filed in the case.

3. No case will be heard until a complete record, containing in itself, and not by reference, all the papers, exhibits, depositions and other proceedings, which are necessary to the hearing in this court, shall be filed.

4. Whenever it shall be necessary or proper, in the opinion of the presiding judge in any Circuit or District Court, that original papers of any kind should be inspected in this court upon writ of error or ap

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