ing work shall be sanitary in every particular and, except as otherwise specified in this act shall be in accordance with the plumbing regulations of said city. All fixtures shall be trapped. Pan plunger and long hopper closets will not be permitted. Wooden sinks will not be permitted. In all multiple dwellings hereafter erected where plumbing or other pipes pass through floors or partitions, the openings around such pipes shall be sealed or made air-tight with incombustible materials, so as to prevent the passage of air or the spread of fire from one floor to another or from room to room.

Title III.-Fire Protection.

SEC. 38. Fireproof Dwelling, When Required. No dwelling shall hereafter be erected exceeding three stories in height, unless it shall be a fireproof dwelling; the building, however, may step up to follow the street grade, provided no part of it is over three stories in height.

SEC. 39. Means of Egress. Every multiple-dwelling hereafter erected exceeding one story in height shall have at least two independent ways of egress which shall extend from the ground floor to the roof, and shall be located remote from each other, and each shall be enclosed by walls or partitions as provided elsewhere in this act. One of such ways of egress shall be a flight of stairs constructed and arranged as provided in sections forty-two, forty-three, forty-four and forty-five of this act. In multiple-dwellings of class A the second way of egress shall be directly accessible to each apartment, group or suite of rooms without having to pass through the first way of egress. In multiple-dwellings of class B the second way of egress shall be directly accessible from a public hall. The second way of egress may be any one of the following, as the owner may select:

1. A system of outside balcony fire-escapes constructed and arranged as provided in section forty of this act.

2. An additional flight of stairs, either inside or outside, constructed and arranged as provided in sections forty-two, forty-three, forty-four and forty-five of this act.

3. A fire-tower located, constructed and arranged as may be required by the superintendent of buildings.

SEC. 40. Fire Escapes. All fire escapes hereafter erected on multiple-dwellings shall be located and constructed as in this section required. Such fire escapes shall be located at each story the floor of which is twelve or more feet above the ground. Access to fire escapes shall not be obstructed in any way. No fire escape shall be placed in an inner court. Fire escapes may project into the public highway to a distance not greater than four feet beyond the building line. All fire escapes shall consist of outside open iron, stone or concrete balconies and stairways. All balconies shall be not less than three feet in width. All stairways

shall be placed at an angle of not more than sixty degrees to the horizontal, with flat open steps not less than six inches in width and twenty-four inches in length and with a rise of not more than nine inches. The openings for stairways in all balconies shall be not less than twenty-four by twenty-eight inches, and shall have no covers of any kinds. The balcony on the top floor, except in the case of a balcony on the street or in the case of a peaked roof house, shall be provided with a stairs or with a goose-neck ladder leading from said balcony to and above the roof and properly fastened thereto. Stairs shall be provided from the lowest balcony to the ground. They may be pivoted and counterbalanced. All fire escapes shall be constructed and erected to safely sustain in all their parts a safe load, and if of iron shall receive not less than two coats of good paint, one in the shop and one after erection. In addition to the foregoing requirements, all fire escapes hereafter erected upon multiple dwellings shall be constructed in accordance with any additional requirements of other statutes or with such supplementary regulations as may be adopted by the superintendent of buildings.

SEC. 41. Roof Egress; Scuttles and Bulkheads. Every flatroofed multiple-dwelling hereafter erected exceeding twostories in height shall have in the roof a bulkhead or a scuttle not less than two feet by three feet in size. Such scuttle or bulkhead shall be fire-proof or covered with metal on the outside and shall be provided with stairs leading thereto and easily accessible to all occupants of the building. No scuttle or bulkhead shall be located in a closet or room, but shall be located in the ceiling of the public hall on the top floor, and access through the same shall be direct and uninterrupted.

SEC. 42. Stairs and Public Halls. Every multiple dwelling three stories or more in height hereafter erected shall have at least one flight of stairs extending from the entrance floor to the roof; and the stairs and public halls therein shall each be at least three feet wide in the clear. All stairs shall be constructed with a rise of not more than eight inches and with treads not less than ten inches wide and not less than three feet long in the clear. Winding stairs will not be permitted.

SEC. 43. Stair Halls. In multiple dwellings hereafter ereced which exceed three stories in height or which are occupied by more than two families on any floor above the second floor, the stair halls shall be constructed of fireproof material throughout. The risers, strings and balusters shall be of metal, concrete or stone. The treads shall be of metal, slate, concrete or stone, or of hard wood not less than two inches thick. Wooden hand rails to stairs will be permitted if constructed of hard wood. The floors of all such stair halls shall be constructed of iron, steel or concrete beams and fireproof filling, and no wooden flooring or sleepers shall be permitted. In multiple dwellings hereafter erected which exceed two

stories in height, at least one flight of stairs shall be enclosed in fireproof walls from the cellar to the roof.

SEC. 44. Stair Enclosures. In all multiple dwellings hereafter erected which exceed three stories in height or which are occupied by more than two families on any floor above the second floor, all stair halls shall be enclosed on all sides with walls of brick not less than eight inches thick. The doors opening from such stair halls shall be fireproof and self-closing. There shall be no transom or sash or similar opening from such stair hall to any other part of the house.

SEC. 45. Entrance Halls. In multiple dwellings hereafter erected less than five stories high, the entrance hall shall be not less than four feet wide in the clear for one stairway; and in multiple dwellings five or more stories high, the width shall be not less than five feet; and the entrance hall shall have an additional width of two feet for each additional stairway served. In every multiple dwelling hereafter erected, access shall be had from the street or alley to the yard, either in a direct line or through a court.

SEC. 46. Dumb-waiters and Elevators. In multiple dwellings hereafter erected all dumb-waiters and elevators shall be enclosed in fireproof shafts with fireproof doors at all openings at each story including the cellar. In the case of dumbwaiters such doors shall be self-closing. No elevator shall be permitted in the well-hole of stairs but every elevator shall be completely separated from the stairs by fireproof walls enclosing the same.

SEC. 47. Cellar Stairs. In multiple dwellings hereafter erected inside cellar stairs shall be enclosed in a fireproof wall and shall have a fireproof self-closing door at the bottom.

SEC. 48. Closet under First-story Stairs. In multiple dwellings hereafter erected no closet of any kind shall be constructed under any stair-case leading from the entrance story to the upper stories, but such space shall be left entirely open and kept clear and free from incumbrance.

SEC. 49. Cellar Entrance. In every multiple dwelling hereafter erected there shall be an entrance to the cellar or other lowest story from the outside of the said building.

SEC. 50. Wooden Multiple Dwelling. No wooden multiple dwelling shall hereafter be erected exceeding two stories in height or to be occupied by more than two families on any floor, and no wooden building not now used as a multiple dwelling shall hereafter be altered into a multiple dwelling exceeding two stories in height; nor shall it be occupied by more than two families above the first floor.

SEC. 50a. Fire Protection. In every row of two or more frame dwellings, the dividing walls shall be made of incombustible material not less than eight inches in thickness for two stories on a twelve inch foundation and carried to the underside of the roof coverings if gable roof and eighteen inches through roof if flat roof: Provided, however, That the eight

inch walls do not exceed thirty-five feet in length. If longer than thirty-five feet then the thickness must be increased to twelve inches.

ARTICLE III.

Alterations.

SEC. 51. Enlargement of Dwellings. To any wooden multiple dwelling erected prior to the passage of this act an extension not exceeding a total area of seventy square feet may be added if the extension is for bath room or water-closets. No existing wooden building shall be so altered or have its occupancy so changed as to be occupied by more than two families above the first floor, nor by any family above the second floor. No dwelling shall hereafter be enlarged or its lot be diminished, or other building placed on the lot, so that the rear yard or side yard shall be less in size than the minimum sizes prescribed in sections twelve and thirteen of this act for dwellings hereafter erected.

SEC. 52. New Courts in Existing Dwellings. An inner court hereafter constructed in a dwelling erected prior to the passage of this act, if extending only through one or two stories, shall be not less than six feet by eight feet in size; and if it extends through more than two stories, it shall be not less than eight feet by ten feet in size, and it shall have an air intake as required for new buildings in section sixteen. All inner courts shall be open to the sky, without skylight, or roof of any kind.

SEC. 53. Additional Rooms and Halls. Any additional room or hall that is hereafter constructed or created in a dwelling shall comply in all respects with the provisions of article two of this act, except that it may be of the same height as the other rooms on the same story of the dwelling.

SEC. 54. Rooms and Halls, Lighting and Ventilation of. No dwelling shall be so altered or its lot diminished that any room or public hall or stairs shall have its light or ventilation diminished in any way not approved by the health officer, or by such other appropriate public official as the mayor may designate.

SEC. 55. Roof Stairs. No stairs leading to the roof in any multiple dwelling shall be removed or be replaced with a ladder.

SEC. 56. Bulkheads. Every bulkhead hereafter constructed in a multiple-dwelling shall be constructed fireproof or covered with metal on the outside.

SEC. 57. Stairways. No public hall or stairs in a multipledwelling shall be reduced in width so as to be less than the minimum width prescribed in sections forty-two and fortyfive of this act.

SEC. 58. Dumb-waiters and Elevators. All dumb-waiters and elevators hereafter constructed in multiple-dwellings shall be enclosed in fireproof shafts with fire-proof doors at all openings at each story, including the cellar. In the case of dumb-waiter shafts such doors shall be self-closing; and such shafts shall be completely separated from the stairs by walls of approved fireproof material enclosing the same. This section does not apply to dumb-waiter shafts or elevator shafts which are already in existence, but only to new ones which may be installed after the act takes effect both in new dwellings and in existing ones.

SEC. 59. Water-closet Accommodations. Any water-closet hereafter placed in a dwelling, except one provided to replace a defective or antiquated fixture in the same location, shall comply with the provisions of sections twenty-five, thirty-five and thirty-seven of this act relative to water-closets in dwellings hereafter erected. In the case of a new water-closet installed on the top floor of an existing dwelling, a ventilating skylight open to the sky may be used in lieu of the windows required by section twenty-five.

SEC. 60. Height. No dwelling shall be increased in height. so that it exceeds the width of the widest street on which it abuts, nor in any case exceeds one hundred feet.

SEC. 61. Other Alterations. Except as specified above, no dwelling shall be so altered nor shall its lot be so diminished, nor shall any building be so placed on the same lot, as to cause the dwelling to be in violation of the requirements of this act for dwellings hereafter erected; nor shall any room, public hall or stairs have its light or ventilation diminished in any way not approved by the health officer, or by such other ap propriate public official as the mayor may designate.

SEC. 62. Skylights. All new skylights hereafter placed in a multiple-dwelling shall be provided with ridge ventilators having a minimum opening of forty square inches and also with either fixed or movable louvres or with movable sashes, and shall be of such size as may be determined to be practicable by the health officer, or by such other appropriate public official as the mayor may designate.

SEC. 63. Fire Escapes. All fire escapes hereafter constructed on any multiple-dwelling shall be located and constructed as prescribed in section forty of this act.

SEC. 64. Alcoves and Alcove Rooms. No part of any room in a dwelling shall hereafter be enclosed or subdivided wholly or in part by a curtain, portiere, fixed or movable partition or other contrivance or device, unless such part of a room so enclosed or subdivided shall contain a window as required by sections nineteen, twenty and twenty-four of this act, and have a floor area of not less than eighty square feet.