PEPSINE. SILVER MEDAL-Paris Exhibition, 1867. FOR CLEARNESS AND POWER. Pepsine Wine, Globules, and Lozenges-the popular remedy for weak digestion. PURE PICKLES, SAUCES, JAMS, &c. And Table Delicacies of the highest quality. See Lancet, and Dr. Hassall's BAKING RIFLEMEN USE THEM. DEER STALKERS USE THEM. ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUES, POST FREE. NAVAL OFFICERS USE THEM. MILITARY OFFICERS USE THEM. LIGHT MOUNTS FOR INDIA. BOR WICK'Sigestive BA KI N Grew POWDER dumplings better than yeast. Wales & McCulloch, 22 Ludgate Hill and 56 Cheapside; Arnold, 72 Baker Street, W. POWDER BURROW'S POCKET BAROMETERS. BOR WICK'SermentaBA, KI Naves the nutritioW DER which yeast destroys. FOUNDED 1836. BORWICK'S makingBudink Natry, and prevenWDER BAKING POWDER LEGAL and GENERAL LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY, BORWICK'S ExpeditBAKINGmies POWDER 10 FLEET STREET, E.C. The Rt. Hon. The Lord CAIRNS, Lord Justice. The Rt. Hon. Sir WM. BOVILL, Lord Chief Justice, C.P. The Hon. Sir WM. PAGE WOOD, Vice-Chancellor. ROBERT B. FOLLETT, Esq., Taxing-Master in Chancery. BONUS.-Nine-tenths of the total profits divisible amongst the Assured. Very moderate Non-Bonus Premiums. A LIBERAL SYSTEM of "Whole World" Policies and other peculiar facilities: Conditions specially framed to secure to a Policy, when once issued, absolute freedom from all liability to future question. LOANS GRANTED on Life Interests or Reversions, E. A. NEWTON, Actuary and Manager. THE PERFECTION OF PREPARED COCOA. MARAVILLA COCOA. SOLE PROPRIETORS, TAYLOR BROTHERS, LONDON. THE COCOA (or Cacao) of MARAVILLA is the true Theobroma of Linnæus. Cocoa is indigenous to South America (of which Maravilla is a favoured portion), but its fruit varies much in quality, owing to soil, aspect, and mode of cure, all of which are highly favourable in the Maravilla estate. TAYLOR BROTHERS, having secured the EXCLUSIVE SUPPLY of this UNRIVALLED COCOA, have decided to present it to the public in a separate form, under its name, "MARAVILLA” (which is its trade mark), feeling convinced that its peculiarly high qualities will be duly appreciated. Thus, with the highest possible quality of material, TAYLOR BROTHERS have, by the skilful application of their "soluble principle" and elaborate machinery, produced what is so undeniably the PERFECTION OF PREPARED COCOA, that it has not only secured the preference of Homœopaths, and Cocoa drinkers generally, but many who have hitherto not found any preparation to suit them, have, after one trial, adopted the MARAVILLA COCOA as their constant beverage for Breakfast, Luncheon, &c. THIS COCOA, while possessing all the essential properties, FAR SURPASSES all other HOMEOPATHIC COCOAS in fine grateful aroma, exquisitely delicious flavour, smoothness upon the palate, and perfect solubility. It is easily served up for table, for which see directions on each -lb., -lb., and 1-lb. packet. Sold in packets ONLY. CAUTION.-See that each packet is labelled, "TAYLOR BROTHERS' MARAVILLA COCOA." 5. The finest Oolong, 3s. a lb. This is high burnt, very pungent tea, and is an COOPER COOPER & CO. beg to intimate that they especial favourite with the ten-drinking public in America, among whom it is. It are now SELLING TEA of this year's growth, 1867-8. This is first picking (the May picking of the present year), and is unquestionably the finest tea the world produces.-50 King William Street, London Bridge, and 63 Bishopsgate Street Within, London, E.C. COOPER COOPER & CO., 50 King William Street, London Bridge, and 63 Bishopsgate Street Within, London, E.C., have determined to furnish a complete and satisfactory answer to the universal question, "Where can we get really good tea?" The recent reductions in the duty, coupled with an enormous increase in the imports, have made tea so cheap, that the choicest black tea the world produces can be sold to the public at a price which is so low as to render the sale of inferior qualities unnecessary. When the best black tea can be bought at three shillings a pound, it does seem unwise to buy poor, washy, taste less tea at a few pence a pound less money. Cooper Cooper & Co. have, therefore, resolved to avoid all second or third class tea, and to confine their business to high-class tea alone. It is well known that all highclass teas are those which are gathered in early spring, when the leaves are bursting with succulence: these are first-crop teas, full flavoured, rich and juicy; whereas low-price teas are gathered, or rather raked from under the trees, in autumn, when the leaves are withered, dry, and sapless. The difference between first-crop tea and inferior descriptions is something marvellous when tasted side by side the one brisk, pungent, and juicy; the other stale, flat, and insipid. There is a great difference even in first-crop tea, some chops possessing much more strength and a finer flavour than others. There are also several varieties, the most esteemed being Souchong, Moning, and Kyshow Congous. These three classes, when really fine, are beyond compare the best of all teas; and of these three Kyshow stands pre-eminent as a prince among teas. Now it must not for one moment be assumed that the teas ordinarily sold bearing those titles are these teas, pure and simple in their integrity. A small portion of some of them is sometimes used in the manufacture of that incongruous mixture which is so frequently recommended by the unskilled and inexperienced dealer; but we venture to assert that pure unmixed tea can with difficulty be obtained even by those to whom price is no object. In fact, indiscriminate mixing of tea destroys those fine and subtle qualities which distinguish one growth from another, and it would not be more unwise to spoil vintages of choice wines by blending them together haphazard, and thus bringing the combination down to a dead level of mediocrity, than it is to ruin all distinctness of character by a heterogeneous confusion of qualities in tea; but as Cooper Cooper & Co. sell no other article of any description, they are enabled to keep in stock every variety that is at all esteemed by connoisseurs, and to sell them in their integrity as imported from China. Cooper Cooper & Co. claim for their system of business another feature, viz., that there can be no mistake in the price or quality of any teas bearing their name on the wrapper or parcel, as they pledge themselves to sell first crop tea only at their warehouses. There are eight classes of superior black tea; each of these Cooper Cooper & Co. will sell pure and unmixed at one uniform price of 3s. a pound, and there is no better black tea. There are five classes of superior green tea; each of these Cooper Cooper & Co. will sell pure and unmixed at one uniform price of 4s. a pound, and there is no better green tea. LIST OF CHOICE TEAS-BLACK. 1. The finest Lapsang Souchong, 3s. a lb. This tea is exquisitely delicate in flavour, silky on the palate, and one of the finest teas ever imported into England. 2. The finest Moning Congou, 3s. a lb. This is ripe, lemon-melon flavoured tea, abounding in strength and quality. 3. The finest Kyshow Congou (the prince of teas), 38. a lb. This is brisk, rich, true Pekoe Souchong flavoured tea, perfect in strength, perfect in quality, beautifully manipulated, full of flower; a tea to sip, to dwell upon, to turn over on the palate as an alderman does his turtle; suitable for the drawing room, the boudoir, the cottage, the palace, the toiling millions as well as the upper ten thousand; the former cannot drink a more economical tea, the latter, with all their wealth, cannot buy better tea. 4. The finest Assam Congou, 38, a lb. This is very strong tea, of Indian growth, draws a deep red liquor, is very pungent, a little coarse, but drinks full in the mouth. It is quite a distinct class of tea, rather peculiar, and not appreciated by all; in fact, to like it requires an acquired taste. esteemed than in England; in fact, the drink hardly any other tea. draws a pale liquor, and resembles green tea in many respects. 6. The finest Canton scented Pekoe, 3s. a lb. This is a fine, wiry leaf, strongly scented tea, of peculiar piquancy and sharpness of flavour, and is frequently used to fetch up the flavour of second-class teas. It is more frequently used as a curiosity and as an experiment than by the tea-drinking public; it is, in fact, a fancy tea. 7. The finest Foo Chow scented Pekoe, 3s. a lb. This is a small, closely twisted leaf, scented with jessamine flower. When infused it exhales a rich and fragrant perfume, which is perhaps less grateful to the palate than to the other senses. 8. The finest scented Caper, 3s. a lb. This is a small, shotty leaf, very compact and heavy, drinks very brisk and pungent. It is rather a plebeian tea, but is occasionally tried by diligent seekers after excellence, who at last settle down to the "Princely Kyshow." No other price for black tea. LIST OF FINE GREEN TEAS. 9. The finest Moyune Hyson, 4s. a lb. This tea is delicately fine. Its flavour resembles that of the cowslip, and the colour of the infusion is marvellously like cowslip wine. It possesses the finest flavour of all green teas. It is principally consumed in Russia. 10. The finest Young Hyson, 4s. a lb. This is a small, compact leaf, and the really fine (such as Cooper Cooper & Co. sell) is exceedingly strong, and of a very fine almond flavour. 11. The finest Moyune Gunpowder, 4s. a lb. This tea is much esteemed in England. It is brisk, high burnt flavour, shotty in leaf, and heavy: it is not so fine or so pure in flavour as Hyson, but its great strength renders it a favourite with many. 12. The finest Ping Suey Gunpowder, 4s. a lb. This is very small in the leaf, very handsome and compact, resembles pin heads; but is not so pungent in liquor as Moyune Gunpowder. 13. The finest Imperial, 48. a lb. This is a large knotty leaf tea, very strong, but not much in favour; but when really fine is sought after by the curious. No other price for green tea. There are other classes of tea, but these are the choicest and best. Cooper Cooper & Co. recommend consumers to try the first four on the list-Souchong, Moning, Kyshow, and Assam. By having a small parcel of each of these they will be enabled to judge for themselves and select the flavour suitable to their taste, and then by sending for the one approved of by number they may always rely upon having exactly the same character of tea. Cooper Cooper & Co. sell any quantity, from a quarter of a pound upwards. They have original packages of all these teas-the black in chests of about ninety pounds; in half chests, about forty pounds; and catty boxes, holding about twenty pounds each. These are lined with lead, and will keep the tea good and fresh for a very long period. Cooper Cooper & Co.'s prices are for net cash only, without discount. Cooper Cooper & Co., in offering teas at these prices, must rely for success on a very large amount of public support. They charge only a small commission on the prices actually paid to the importers, and rely on their thorough knowledge of the trade to select such teas only as the public will approve of; and they rely on the appreciation of the public to support their endeavours. Cooper Cooper & Co. will charge threepence a package (of any size) for delivering their teas within five miles of the Royal Exchange, or at any of the railway stations in London, thus putting all on an equality, those who send for their tea, and those who require it sent. As Cooper Cooper & Co.'s prices are net at their warehouses, this system of charging for delivery cannot fail to approve itself to the public. If teas in small parcels can be delivered free at any distance there must be a proportionate profit charged for it, and this is charged on all the tea sold. Cooper Cooper & Co. make one uniform charge for delivery, as the expense to them is the same in delivering a small parcel of tea as a large one. Cooper Cooper & Co. forward their teas to all parts of the world on receipt of Post-office orders or bankers' drafts for the amount, including threepence for delivery at the railway station; but Cooper Cooper & Co. do not pay railway carriage. As their prices are fully ninepence a pound under the prices usually charged for teas of a lower character, the item of railway carriage cannot be of importance to those living in the country. Cheques to be crossed "National Provincial Bank of England." THEI and "Highly valuable for library reading and reference."-Guardian. Now Ready, handsomely bound in crimson cloth, bevelled boards. HE ST. STEPHEN'S CHRONICLE, VOLS. I., II., III., containing the entire Debates in Parliament during the months of February, March, April, and May; Summaries of Events; Articles upon various Political Topics; Roll of the Lords Temporal and Spiritual; Alphabetical List of the House of Commons and Constituencies of the United Kingdom, &c. &c. "Cannot fail to be most acceptable to every Peer and every Member of the House of Commons, to every earnest politician, and to every energetic journalist."-Sun. RICHARD BENTLEY, Publisher in Ordinary to Her Majesty. A STATISTICAL VINDICATION WATER PURIFYING THE LONDON and GENERATERY ALTER, Charged solely with Animal Charcoal.-The latest Patented Filter in general use, and requiring, when once fixed, no attention whatever. For its superiority over all others, vide Lancet, Jan. 12, 1867. Price 17. 10s. to 47. 108. Portable Filters on this System, 27. and 37. Patronised and used by Her Majesty the Queen at Osborne, by H.R.H. the Duke of Cambridge, the élite of the Medical Profession, and at the Fusilier Guards, London, Middlesex, St. George's, German, and Calentta Hospitals, and at the Regent's Park and Tower Barracks, and numerous Institutions, Breweries, &c. Water Tests. easily used, price 10s. 6d. and 21s, each. The Filters may be seen in operation, and full particulars obtained, on application to the Secretary, at the Offices, 157 STRAND, LONDON, W.C. (Four Doors from Somerset House). SEWING MACHINES. W. F. THOMAS & CO. THE CELEBRATED "No. 2," 107. DOMESTIC MACHINES, from 51. 58. LL LOCK-STITCH, WORK ALIKE ON BOTH of the CITY of A SIDES. Catalogues sent free. LONDON; or, Fallacies exploded and Figures explained. By BENJAMIN SCOTT, F.R.A.S. A Treatise on the position and relative importance of the City of London to the other districts of the Metropolis in regard to its Population, Traffic, Houses, Rateable Value, Commerce, Trade and Shipping, Crime and Police, with particular reference to the question of the Local Government of London and Metropolitan Municipalities. London: LONGMANS, GREEN, READER, and DYER. Price, cloth boards, 2s. 6d. RELIGIOUS OPINION: a Weekly Medium of Thoughtful Inquiry for all Classes; permanently enlarged. Every Tuesday, price 2d., or by post 3d.; and Monthly Parts, in a fine tinted Wrapper, 9d., or by post, 11d. Containing Inquiries and Answers from the Humblest and the most Profound Thinkers; and Extracts from Standard Works and Current Literature; and will form, altogether, the most perfect Library of Religious Thought ever contemplated. The Subscription, by post, is 13s. annually; six months, 68. 6d.; quarterly, 38. 3d., payable in advance. London: 83 Fleet Street, E.C.; and may be ordered of all Newsagents and Railway Bookstalls. Printed by CHOLMELEY AUSTEN LEIGH, at No. 5 New-street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and Published by AUGUSTUS CHARLES LAWRENCE, at the Office, No. 24 Tavistock Street, Covent Garden, in the Parish of St. Paul Covent Garden, in the County of Middlesex.Saturday, February 8, 1868. The opinions expressed in articles which bear a signature or are marked as communicated are not necessarily those of the Editor. The publication of THE CHRONICLE will be discontinued after the issue of this Number. A Title-Page and Index to Volume II. will be supplied to Subscribers in due course. CURRENT EVENTS. THE HE House of Commons met again on Thursday, when Mr. Disraeli obtained leave to bring in a bill to amend the law relating to corrupt practices at elections. It had been the intention of the Government to adopt the recommendation of the Select Committee of last session, and refer Election Petitions' Bill. all cases of disputed elections to the Judges of the Superior Courts, sitting, as judges of fact as well as of law, in the borough or county against which the corruption is charged. During the recess, however, it was discovered that the Judges not only objected to this proposal on Constitutional grounds, but regarded the fulfilment of the functions with which it invested them as "absolutely impossible, consistently with their oath of office and their duty to their Sovereign and their country." Under these circumstances, the Government considered that there was no choice but to modify this part of the Bill; and they now propose to create a new "Parliamentary Elections Court," consisting of three Judges, with a salary of 2,000l. a year each. The alteration in the scheme was received with great disfavour by the House. Until the reasons given by the Judges for the course they have taken are made public, it is obviously impossible to pronounce on their validity. But to transfer the decision of such questions from the House of Commons to a tribunal possessing neither the dignity nor the traditions of the existing Courts would involve a great sacrifice of Parliamentary privilege without securing any benefit in return. France. The victory achieved by the French Government over the Imperialist Opposition with respect to the new Press Law has been followed up by a whole series of triumphs over the Liberal Opposition on the same question. Every clause of the Bill has been adopted in succession by large majorities. Some hopes were entertained that the provisions relative to the stamp duty would be considerably modified; but though the clauses in which they were embodied were referred back to the Commission charged with the examination of the law, no amelioration has taken place. The stamp duty of five centimes upon all newspapers published in Paris, and the obnoxious distinction between political and literary journals, are both maintained. A strenuous opposition was offered by Republicans as well us Orleanists to the clause which denies to persons anished from French territory the right of publishing rticles in their own names. It was urged with obvious ignificance that under former Governments this liberty was not withheld even . 155 . 156 . 158 . 160 . 163 . 167 from political prisoners, and that in some cases the latter had not been slow to avail themselves of the privilege. But these representations were of no avail, and the clause was accepted by the Chamber. The 10th clause, which leaves press offences to be judged by the police magistrates instead of by a jury, was denounced by MM. Picard, Thiers, and Jules Favre. The answer of the Government was An characterized by an unaccustomed frankness. The objection to juries, they said, is that they can never be trusted Legislature had nothing to urge against this argument, to find a verdict against political offenders. An obedient and the clause was carried by 199 votes to 35. attempt was made by M. Jules Simon to reduce the for a particular article from three years to three months period during which a journal may be proceeded against from the date of publication. The Government, however, adhered to the former period as necessary in order to give them time to determine whether to prosecute an offending Liberal amendments were rejected, one providing that a newspaper, and succeeded in carrying their point. Two fine should not, as at present, be exacted both from the manager and the printer, the other abolishing the suspension of electoral rights in the case of convicted journalists. Hanover still occupies the principal place in the domestic politics of Prussia. The uncertainty as to the future Prussia. which prevails among the people of the province takes the shape of a belief in an approaching war, and in a possible restoration of the Guelphs as its result. By way of a demonstration in favour of the latter event, an excursion to Vienna has been organized on the occasion of the "silver wedding," which the ex-King is about to keep in that city. It was at first intended to run special trains from Brunswick, partly for the sake of cheapness and partly to impart greater importance to the proceedings; but this has been forbidden by the authorities of the Duchy. A subscription which had been started to purchase a suitable present for the ex-King has also been put a stop to. The recent proceedings of the Prussian Chamber of Deputies have chiefly related to Hanoverian affairs. The indemnification of the deposed Sovereigns-16,000,000 th. to the ex-King of Hanover, 8,900,000 th. to the ex-Duke of Nassau-was hotly opposed, and only carried by the Government under pressure of a threat of resignation. Even as it was, 113 members voted against the ratification of the treaty. The Prussian Government would gladly, however, have tripled the sum paid if, by so doing, they could have obtained an unconditional resignation from the ex-King. The importance they attach to the matter is easily intelligible when it is remembered that in Germany sovereign houses have never been permanently dispossessed by violence. The expelled families have always returned. The entire public law of Germany rests upon the rights of the Princes; and a general confusion is the result of their being no longer recognized. Count Bismarck is well aware of this fact; and hence his anxiety to change these violent dethronements into legal surrenders. With the ex-King of Hanover the attempt has entirely failed; and even in the other cases it has only partially succeeded, since, besides the dethroned Princes themselves, the Agnates have to be settled with. [Saturday, February 15, 1868. clergy or by religious communities. The Press Law has also been voted, with the omission of a clause providing that Press offences shall be tried by a jury. The Legislature has endeavoured to save its character for consistency in this respect by presenting an address to the Government, praying them to introduce next Session a Bill for the adoption of trial by jury in all political cases. Würtemberg the Chamber of Deputies has consented, after some pressure from Baron Varnbühler, to vote a contingent; and the two Houses are at issue as to whether the members of noble families are to be exempted from the conscription. Austria. In In order to win over the population of Hanover, the Government proposed a bill by which the province was to retain a capital sum of about 12,000,000 th. derived from its own domains, the interest of which was to be appropriated, under the management of the provincial authorities, partly to the support of scientific and charitable institutions, and partly to public works. This bill provoked The action of the Hungarian Delegation has been less violent hostility on both sides of the House. It was hostile to the Government than was at first feared. Its represented as being an act of favouritism to Hanover, members are ready enough to take umbrage which could only be carried out at the expense of the rest at trifles, as was evidenced by the interpellaof the kingdom. On the other hand, a Hanoverian deputy tion about the title of the common ministry, but on matters declared that if it was rejected, Prussia would no longer be able of greater moment they show no inclination to offer any to count on the loyalty of the people in the event of a war. serious opposition. Even the army estimates are not obCount Bismarck defended the Bill on the score of its being jected to by the majority of the Delegation, except in a few only the first step in a process of administrative decentrali-items, in which a reduction has been equally asked for by zation, according to which all the other provinces would, the Cis-Leithan Delegation. The worst difficulty with by degrees, be endowed with special funds. He also warned the Conservatives not to raise any difficulties in the matter, because, if they did, the Government would be compelled to look for Parliamentary support elsewhere. Ultimately he accepted an amendment by which an annual grant of 500,000 th. is to be made to Hanover in lieu of the capital sum. This amendment was carried on a division, but only by 197 votes to 192; and the Bill thus modified was ultimately adopted by 200 votes to 168. The confusion of parties with regard to this question has been very great. The secret of Conservative hostility to the proposal lies in the fact that the Junker party in the Eastern provinces, which has hitherto formed the kernel of the whole Prussian State, is reduced by the annexations to the position of a minority. It consequently anticipates the loss of its decisive influence in the Government, and is anxious that the annexed countries should be treated as conquered The United territory and administered from the old provinces. Those Liberals who have made common cause with the Con servatives against the Bill have done so from the fear that, if a large degree of administrative independence were conceded to the several provinces, the sphere of the Prussian Parliament, already limited by the creation of the NorthGerman and Customs Parliaments, would dwindle almost to nothing. They consider that the effect of this would be to substitute a number of local and provincial Oppositions for the general Opposition which now exists, and that such a change would enable the Government to play off one adversary against another, and to conquer in detail enemies to whom, if concentrated, it would have been forced to yield. The King is understood to have attributed the want of discipline manifested by the Conservatives to Count Bismarck's bad management; and the Minister's leave of absence, nominally asked for on the ground of health, is probably designed to make the King feel how helpless he is without him. The South The death of Herr Mathy, who was a reproduction of Count Bismarck on a smaller scale and with a smaller field of action, has somewhat checked the fanatically Prussian tendencies of the Baden Government. The fact that the Grand Duke has provisionally assumed the functions of the deceased Minister is a significant commentary on the degree to which Constitutional principles are understood and acted on in this nominally Constitutional State. A new School Law has been adopted, which, while proclaiming liberty of education as its fundamental principle, subjects to special disabilities all schools maintained by the which the Government has to contend at this moment is an administrative one-the want of fit men for the governorships of provinces. The present governors are, for the most part, very ill suited to administer a Constitutional Government. They are old bureaucratists wedded to the absolutist system to which they have been all along accustomed. Indeed, the same want of men is felt in every department of the public service. There is no reserve force. Every man who has any political knowledge is already in office; and the list of those thus qualified is very far from being coextensive with the list of high officials. The relations between Congress and the Supreme Court continue to occupy public attention in the United States. The extreme Republican party has shown some signs of distrusting its own policy. The Bill requiring the consent of twothirds of the Judges of the Supreme Court in order to any act of Congress being declared inconsistent with the States. Constitution has not been well received either in the Senate or out of doors; and another Bill has consequently been introduced into the House of Representatives to remove any case arising out of the Reconstruction Acts from the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court. This Bill is founded on the clause in the Constitution which empowers Congress to make certain exceptions to the appellate jurisdiction of the Court. But it is argued on the other side that, though Congress is authorized, under this clause, to provide a new tribunal for the determination of a certain class of cases, it is not authorized to remove such cases from judicial cognizance altogether. The real question which has to be decided, however, is whether the great body of the American people will pronounce for or against the Congressional plan of Reconstruction. If it takes the former course, no action of the Supreme Court can long stay the execution of the scheme; if the latter, the majority of the Court will be sustained in setting aside as unconstitutional all attempts to interfere with its decisions. The amended Reconstruction Bill has been debated at great length in the Senate. The arguments for any legislation of the kind have been pretty well exhausted already; but they seem nevertheless to have such exclusive hold of the Republican politicians as to disable them from bringing forward any reasons which bear specially on the present Bill. The American public naturally desires some evidence that the previous Acts have failed before it consents to welcome a fourth Act; but instead of this, the |