States or national-bank notes or drafts, shall not make payments in the funds so furnished or in funds received for the said drafts. Upon such suspension he is directed to report the same to the President, and all the facts and circumstances, to the end that such officer may be promptly removed from office or restored to duty. (R. S., § 3651.)

270. He may authorize the allowance to the officers whose duty it is to receive, keep, or disburse public moneys, of any necessary additional expenses for clerks, fire-proof chests or vaults, or other objects of expenditure in the safe-keeping, transferring, or disbursing of public moneys. (R. S., § 3653.)

271. He may authorize a compensation to be paid collectors of customs, not exceeding one-quarter of one per centum of the amount disbursed by them, from the appropriations for the construction of custom-houses, courthouses, post offices, and marine hospitals; and where there is no collector at the place of location of any of these structures he may appoint a disbursing agent for the payment of the moneys so appropriated, with such compensation as he may deem equitable. (R. S., §§ 3657, 3658.)

272. He, together with other heads of departments, in communicating estimates of expenditures and appropriations to Congress or to any of the committees thereof, must specify as nearly as may be convenient the sources from which such estimates are derived, and the calculations upon which they are founded, discriminating between such estimates as are conjectural and such as are framed upon actual information and applications from disbursing officers. Reference is required to be made to any law or treaty by which the proposed expenditures are respectively authorized, specifying the date, the volume or page of the statutes, or section of the act in which the authority is to be found. (R. S., § 3660.) He is required also to include in his annual

estimates such sum or sums as he may deem necessary for printing and binding, to be executed under the direction of the Congressional Printer. (R. S., § 3661.) If the estimates ask an appropriation for any new specific expenditure, such as the erection of a public building or the construction of a public work requiring a plan before the building or work can be properly completed, such estimates must be accompanied by full plans and detailed estimates of the cost of the whole work. All subsequent estimates for any such work must state the original estimated cost, the aggregate amount therefor appropriated, and the amount actually expended thereon, as well as the amount asked for the current year. And if the amount asked is in excess of the original estimate, the full reasons for the excess, and the extent of the anticipated excess, must be also stated. (R. S., § 3663.)

273. And when the usual items of such annual estimates for his department vary materially in amount from the appropriation ordinarily asked for the object named, and especially from the appropriation granted for the same objects for the preceding year, and whenever new items not theretofore usual are introduced into such estimates for any year, the law requires that the same shall be accompanied by minute and full explanations of all such variations and new items, showing the reasons and grounds upon which the amounts are required. (R. S., § 3664.) It is required that these estimates shall designate also the amount of the outstanding appropriation, if there be any, which will probably be required for each particular item of expenditure, (R. S., § 3665,) and the amounts respectively of appropriations made for all objects on account of the public service of the year by former acts. (R. S., § 3670.)

274. In the book of estimates to be prepared annually under the direction of the Secretary of the Treasury, that

officer is required to include all estimates of the several departments which by law are required to be submitted to Congress through him. (R. S., § 3669.)

275. All moneys appropriated to the several departments, excepting those for the payment of the postal service which are subject to the warrant of the Postmaster-General, can be drawn from the Treasury only by warrants of the Secretary of the Treasury, upon the requisitions made by the heads of those departments respectively, countersigned by the proper Comptroller and registered by the proper Auditor. (R. S., §§ 269, 273, 3673.)

276. All warrants drawn by the Secretary of the Treasury must specify the particular appropriation to which the same should be charged; and the moneys paid by virtue of such warrants must, in conformity therewith, be charged to such appropriation on the books of the Secretary of the Treasury, First Comptroller, and Register. (R. S., § 3675.)

277. The Secretary of the Treasury is required to report to the Auditor of the Treasury, whose duty it is to settle accounts thereunder, all balances of appropriations remaining on the books without having been drawn against for two years from the date of the last appropriation; and if it shall appear from the certificate of the Auditor that such balances will not be required in the settlement of accounts pending in his office, then the Secretary may include such balances in his surplus-fund warrant. But no appropriation for payment of interest or principal of the public debt, or other permanent appropriation, can be thus treated. (R. S., § 3691.)

278. A subsequent act (approved June 20, 1874; Stats. 18, p. 111) provides that the Secretary shall, from and after the 1st of July of each year, cause all unexpended balances which shall have remained on the books of the Treasury for two fiscal years to be carried to the surplus fund and

covered in the Treasury. From that provision is excepted, however, permanent specific appropriations, appropriations for rivers, harbors, light-houses, fortifications, public buildings, the pay of the navy and marine corps, and the appropriation of December 21, 1871, for expenses under treaty with Great Britain of May 8, 1871.

279. He may designate national banking associations as depositaries of public money, excepting for receipts from customs; and thereupon it is his duty to require of such associations satisfactory security, by the deposit of United States bonds and otherwise, for the safe-keeping and prompt payment of the public money deposited with them, and for the faithful performance of their duties as financial agents of the Government. (R. S., § 5153.)

3. The Support and Management of the Public Credit.

280. The Secretary of the Treasury is required to make and issue from time to time such instructions and regulations to the collectors, receivers, depositaries, officers, and others who may receive Treasury notes, United States notes, or other securities of the United States, or who may be engaged or employed in the preparation and issue of the same, as he may deem best calculated to promote the public convenience or security, and to protect the United States as well as individuals from fraud and loss. (R. S., § 251.)

281. He may prescribe the denominations of United States notes, not less than one dollar, and in such form as he may deem best; also the form of the notes of the fractional currency, with safeguards against counterfeiting; and he may make regulations for the exchange of the latter into United States notes in sums of not less than three dollars; also for the redemption of the same in such sums as prescribe. (R. S., §§ 3572, 3574.)

he

may

282. He may provide for the engraving and preparation and for the issue of fractional and other notes, and may make regulations for the redemption, by the issue of other notes in their place, of such notes when mutilated or defaced, and for the receipt of fractional notes in payment of debts due to the United States, except for customs, in such sums, not over five dollars, as may appear to him expedient. He may provide for such engraving, printing, and execution of the notes at the Treasury Department under his direction, if he deems it inexpedient to procure them to be engraved and printed by contract; and he may purchase and provide the machinery and materials, and employ such persons for this purpose as may be necessary. (R. S., §§ 3575, 3577, 3580.)

283. The Secretary of the Treasury is required to set apart as a sinking fund so much of the gold coin received from the payment of the duties on imported goods, and the interest that may accrue thereon, as may be necessary to purchase or pay within each fiscal year one per centum of the entire public debt, and to keep in the Treasury Department a detailed record of all bonds applied to that fund, and of all other United States bonds cancelled and destroyed.

284. He is authorized, with any coin in the Treasury which he may lawfully apply to such purpose, or which may be derived from the sale of any of the bonds which he may be authorized to dispose of for that purpose, to pay at par and cancel any six per centum bonds of the United States, of the kind known as five-twenty bonds, which have become or shall become redeemable by the terms of their issue. But the particular bonds so to be paid and cancelled are in all cases to be indicated and specified by class, date, and number, in the order of their numbers and issue, beginning with the first numbered and issued, in a public notice