Congressional Serial Set

Table 134.-Number of secondary students to each 1,000 inhabitants in each State in 1907; also number of students in higher education to each 1,000 inhabitants.

Oregon..

484, 938

7,236

14.92

2.605

5.37

CHAPTER XXVII.

[Containing Tables 135-147.]

MANUAL AND INDUSTRIAL TRAINING.

The cities in the United States of 4,000 population and over which have well-organized systems of public schools number 1,326. Manual training was taught in 644 of these city systems, as reported to this Bureau for the year ending June, 1907.

This was an increase of 34 over the preceding year. In 1890 only 37 city school systems included manual training in the course of instruction. In 1894 the number had increased to 95, in 1896 to 121, in 1898 to 146, in 1900 to 169, in 1901 to 232, in 1902 to 270, in 1903 to 322, in 1904 to 411, and in 1905 the number had increased to 420. Table 135 gives these figures by States and geographical divisions. Table 136 gives the names of the cities in which manual training was given in 1906-7, indicating for each city the grades in which it was taught.

For the year ending June, 1907, this Bureau received reports from 148 independent manual and industrial training schools, not including Indian schools. The 148 schools had 1,692 teachers-1,060 men and 632 women, and a total enrollment of 68,427 students-43,725 males and 24,702 females, as shown in Table 137.

Table 138 shows that the enrollment in the 148 schools was distributed as follows: 16,797 in elementary grades-9,798 males and 6,999 females; 44,294 in secondary grades-30,434 males and 13,860 females; 1,901 in collegiate grades-1,096 males and 805 females.

Table 139 includes, with the 148 schools mentioned above, the statistics of 66 Indian schools, making a total of 214 schools. These schools had 2,483 teachers-1,402 men and 1,081 women. The aggregate enrollment in the 214 schools was 83,646 students-52,106 males and 31,540 females.

Table 140 shows that 31,497 pupils were enrolled in the elementary grades of the 214 schools-17,729 males and 13,768 females. In the secondary or high school grades there were 47,505 students-32,113 males and 15,392 females. The collegiate grades had 1,901 students-1,096 males and 805 females.

The independent manual and industrial training schools, not including the Indian schools, possessed grounds and buildings estimated to be worth $16,333,773, and machinery and equipment valued at $2,210,004 more. The total expenditure reported by these schools for 1906-7 was $3,618,325. The expenditures were distributed as follows: $1,484,291 for buildings and improvements, $1,451,359 for salaries of teachers, $295,967 for material, $126,104 for new tools and repairs, $260,604 for incidentals.

Table 142 shows that in 1894 this Bureau received reports from 15 independent manual training schools. These had 3,362 students in manual training-2,403 males and 959 females-all of secondary or high school grade. The next year, with the same number of schools reporting, there were 4,892 students-3,621 males and 1,271 females. In 1897 the number of schools had increased to 40, with 13,890 students-9,224 males and 4,666 females. Industrial training schools, or schools in which certain trades were taught, were included with the manual training schools proper in and from 1898, the statistics given being for "manual and industrial training." In 1898 there were 58 manual and industrial training schools, with 18,977 students-12,975 males and 6,002 females. All these were reported as students of secondary or high school grade. Those not actually pursuing secondary studies had been required to master certain secondary branches before entering. In 1899 the number of schools had increased to 66, with 20,701 students-13,903 males and 6,798 females. In 1900 there were 69 schools, with 24,716 students-15,819 males and 8,897 females. In 1901 the number of schools reporting was 78, with 28,981 students-18,928 males and 10,053 females. In 1902 the number had increased to 85 schools, with 29,507 students-18,771 males and 10,736 females. In 1903 there were 95 schools, with 33,062 students20,170 males and 12,892 females; and in 1904 there were 98 schools, with 36,680 students-20,701 males and 15,979 females. In 1905 there were 106 schools, with 43,197 students-25,571 males and 7,626 females; and in 1906 there were 113 schools, with 48,610 students-31,153 males and 17,457 females. Tables 142, 143, 144, and 145 give the statistics for the ten years mentioned, showing the growth of manual and industrial training schools since 1894. Every effort has been made to exclude from these tables the enumeration of all students below secondary or high school grade.

Table 146 gives in detail the number of students and teachers in the 148 manual and industrial training schools, exclusive of Indian schools. Table 147 is a statistical showing for the 66 schools for Indian children.

Industrial training is offered in most of the negro schools, reform schools, and schools for defectives, statistics of which will be found in the chapters devoted to these classes of institutions.

Certain schools which could not be classified or fully reported as manual or industrial training schools and others giving incomplete statistics are mentioned below:

Cooper Union, New York, N. Y.; School of Industrial Art and Technical Design for Women, New York, N. Y.; New York School of Art, New York, N. Y.; Eric Pape School of Art, Boston, Mass.; The School of Industrial Art of the Pennsylvania Museum, Philadelphia, Pa.; School of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Mass.; The Rhode Island School of Design, Providence, R. I.; Pittsburg School of

Mass.; The Young Women's Christian Association, Boston, Mass.; Bliss Electrical School, Washington, D. C.; School of Messrs. R. Hoe & Co., New York, N. Y.; Illinois College of Photography, Effingham, Ill.; Waltham Horological School, Waltham, Mass.; Omaha Watch Repairing, Engraving, and Optical Institute, Omaha, Nebr.; St. Louis Watchmaking School, St. Louis, Mo.; The Industrial Chemical Institute, Milwaukee, Wis.; Wahl-Henius Institute of Fermentology, Chicago, Ill.; National Brewers' Academy, New York, N. Y.; United States Brewers' Academy, New York, N. Y.

TABLE 135.- Number of cities of 4,000 population and over in each State in which manual training was given in the years indicated.

1890. 1894. 1896. 1898. 1900. 1901. 1902. 1903. 1904. 1905. 1906. 1907.

State or Territory.

United States...

North Atlantic Division...
South Atlantic Division..
South Central Division..

North Central Division...

Western Division....

North Atlantic Division:

Maine...

New Hampshire..