present at least a picture of the approaching foe, so true in its lineaments as to awaken in time the unsuspecting heart of youth, and make it grateful for its foreknowledge of what, under other circumstances, it might not have had power or will to escape from safely, or to encounter with

success.

Warnings of the Holy Week. By the Rev. W. Adams.-These lectures were preached by the author in the church of St. Peter in the East, Oxford, during the holy week of 1842. With a few alterations, they are published as they were delivered. To each lecture is prefixed the gospel narrative of the events to which allusion is made in it. The lectures themselves appear to be composed with great care, and contain much useful instruction and affectionate and earnest exhortation; and, all of them being connected with some portion of the sacred history, are well calculated to excite and detain attention. The Warning of Pilate, the Signs of our Lord's Presence, and the Remedy for anxious Thoughts, are among those with the excellence of which we were deeply struck, where all are worthy of praise, and, being once read, will be read again.

Yet

The Book of Thought. 2 vols.-This work consists of a selection of "Passages from various writers relating to Religion, Morals, Manners, and Characters," noted down in the reading of a literary and studious man. The only fault we find with it is, that the author has so seldom quoted his authorities; we presume he often copied out the extract, and forgot the book from which it was taken. the name of an author seems to awaken attention, to excite curiosity, and often to lead to a further perusal of his writings. As books have so multiplied that to select is difficult, and to read all impossible and useless, such selections as these, if made with judgment and taste, are very desirable; and we think they will grow in favour with the public, and become more numerous. If placed in classes, as to subjects and dates, they might be made something far higher in their purpose than merely to afford an hour's agreeable reading.

The French Prompter of Mons. Le Page, arranged in the Dictionary form, is likely to become as popular as his other excellent works; for such a manual will never be a useless companion, even when the language is supposed to be acquired.

UNIVERSITY OF OXFord.

June 14. This day was the Commemoration of Founders. The Bishops of Winchester, St. Asaph, and Oxford, were present. The honorary degree of D.D. was conferred on the Right Rev. G. J. T. Spencer, of Univ. coll. Bishop of Madras; the Rev. Augustus Short, M.A. of Christchurch, Bishop designate of Adelaide, South Australia; and the Rev. Robert Gray, M.A., of Univ. coll. Bishop designate of Cape Town, Cape of Good Hope; and the degree of D.C.L. on Gen. Sir Peregrine Maitland, G.C.B. late Governor of the Cape of Good Hope; and on Henry Herbert Southey, M.D., F.R.S., Physician in Ordinary to his late Majesty King George IV. The Rev. Charles Perry, D.D., late Fellow of Trinity college, Cambridge, Bishop designate of Melbourne, Australia, was also admitted ad eundem gradum. The Creweian oration was delivered by the Rev. W. Jacobson, Public Orator. His observations were principally allusive to the foundation

of Sir Robert Taylor, and the galleries of art recently erected from the funds of Dr. Randolph, assisted by the munificence of the university. The prize compositions were afterwards recited in their usual order.

The Chancellor's Prizes have been adjudged as follow: viz.

Latin Verse.-" Turris Londinensis." John Conington, B.A. Fellow of University.

English Essay." The Political and Social Benefits of the Reformation in England." Golden Smith, B.A. Stowell Fellow of University.

Latin Essay."Quatenus Reipublicae intersit, ut Jurisprudentia Romanorum inter litteras fere humaniores colenda proponatur." Edwin Palmer, B.A. Fellow of Balliol.

Sir Roger Newdigate's Prize for English Verse. Prince Charles Edward, after the Battle of Culloden." John Adams, Commoner of Magdalen Hall.

Dr. Ellerton's Theological Essay on

The Camden medal for Latin hexameter verse was awarded to James Camper Wright, of King's College; subject, “Ecclesia Cathedralis nuper apud Indos exstructa."

Sir Wm. Browne's medals have beeu adjudged as follow:

Greek Ode.-B. F. Westcott, Trinity. Subject-" Pericles Moriens."

Latin Ode.-D. J. Vaughan, Trinity; Subject "Collegium S.S. Trinitatis apud Cantabrigienses jam trecentissimum annum agens."

Epigrams.-D. J. Vaughan, Trinity. Subjects-Greek, doúμevós te kaì ¿Oŵv; Latin, "Sui lena Natura."

THE PARKER SOCIETY.

At the recent anniversary of this Society it was announced that the books which will be next issued to the subscribers are the remaining volumes of the Works of Bishops Jewel and Hooper-Bullinger's Decades-Queen Elizabeth's Liturgies and Occasional Services-some valuable unpublished Letters-and Archbishop Parker's Correspondence. These will probably be followed by the Reformatio Legum Ecclesiasticarum, drawn up under Archbishop Cranmer's authority-Dr. Olde's Acquittal of the Church of England reformed, from the charge of heresy -the conference of Rainoldes with Hart -the important works of Archbishop Whitgift, Dean Nowell, and Bishop Cooper with Rogers on the Thirty-nine Articles-and various sermons and treatises of the Bishops and Divines by whose authority the present formularies of the Church were first put forth and sanctioned. The report shewed that the income and

expenditure of the last year had each been about 6,8007.

THE LONDON LIBRARY.

May 29. The sixth annual meeting of the subscribers of this institution was held in St. James's-square, Lord Lyttelton in the chair. During the year just closed, 112 new names have been added to the list, being an increase of seven in number, and of income of upwards of 2007. beyond those of the previous year. The aggregate number of members on the 1st of May was 720 annual, and 115 life. The funds of the year have been rather heavily drawn upon by the expenses of removal to the present premises in St. James'ssquare; but the whole, including the advance of 300. made by the Society's bankers, have been paid off. Very considerable and important additions have been made to the library, which at pre

sent numbers more than 30,000 volumes. The circulation of books during the year was 33,643, an increase of about 6,000 over the previous. The receipts were 2,911. 198. 10d., and the expenditure 2,7907. 198. 9d., leaving a balance in hand of 1217. Os. 1d.

ROYAL SOCIETY OF LITERATURE.

of this Society, the President, Henry April 29. At the anniversary meeting Hallam, esq. took the chair, and delivered an address, in which, after commemorating the deceased members, Mr. Sharon Turner, Dr. Bostock, and the Rev. James Parsons, B.D. he made the following remarks on the proceedings of the Society during the past year :

"The inquisitive spirit of Europe has turned of late years with a continually increasing ardour towards the ancient history of nations long regarded with an indefinite or mysterious veneration, but surrendered in general to the domain of uncertain tradition or speculative hypothesis. The great discoveries to which Young led the way, which Champollion brought to light, and which have been successfully followed up by later inquiries, have set out, as it were, by metes or bounds, the waste lands of primeval history, and established not only determinate truth, but even chronological exactness, over many centuries of Egyptian civilization. Nor are there wanting the strongest reasons to believe that a monarchy hardly less renowned than the Egyptian, and, if possible, still less within the limits of certain knowledge, that of Assyria, will be brought before our eyes in a far more definite outline than the dim shadows which have hitherto enveloped it permit us yet to perceive. It has

been of late a favourite object with our own contributors to illustrate Egyptian antiquity. In comparison with the revelations of those primitive ages which the monuments of Egypt have made under the hands of acute and laborious men, the petty illustrations of Greek archæology, which remain as the gleanings of a vast harvest, valuable as we may justly think them in themselves, sink into relative insignificance. We cannot therefore, in my judgment, regret in the slightest degree, that Hellas has, for the time at least, given way to the parent, as some would say, of its civilization, its arts, and its philosophy, to a land at least in which these flourished at a much earlier era than in Greece.

"A zealous investigator of Egyptian antiquity, whom we have this year had the pleasure to enrol among our Fellows, Mr. Birch, has communicated several Papers, which we may with confidence expect to be the forerunners of a series, not less creditable to the Society, than important to that department of literature. One of these discusses the early relations of Ethiopia, that is, Nubia, with the Egyptian monarchy. The conquest of the former country has been traced to the twelfth dynasty by Dr. Lepsius, the indefatigable traveller, who has well repaid the liberality of an enlightened Government by the successful result of his local investigations. But it seems to have been under the eighteenth dynasty, with which we are better acquainted, that the repeated victories over the black races of Ethiopia are recorded in monuments. And these, under Sethos I., the second king of the nineteenth dynasty, appear to have extended very far to the southward, even into the heart of Abyssinia.

a

"A still more interesting inquiry with respect to the palmy age of the Pharaohs is the extent of their Asiatic conquests. Mr. Birch has communicated to us translation of the statistical Tablet of Karnak, now in the Louvre. This inscription was published in the Hieroglyphics of Dr. Young, by this Society, and has been re-published by Dr. Lepsius. It records the victories of Thothmes I. and II.; in particular the tributes of the conquered nations. The learned contributor of this Paper entertains scarcely a doubt that this is either the actual inscription, which, as Tacitus informs us, was read by the Egyptian priests to Germanicus, or a copy of a similar nature. But this well known passage refers the conquests to Ramses. Mr. Birch has endeavoured to obviate this objection. It is an important circumstance, that Tacitus mentions the Bactrians and Scythians among the

nations recorded to have yielded to the Egyptian monarch; and Mr. Birch finds the name of the Oxus on this tablet. This, as is well known, is one of the great problems in primæval history which are yet to be resolved. Several of our decipherers of Egyptian monuments confine the successes of the eminent sovereigns who carried their arms into Asia, to Mesopotamia and the adjacent countries. Nineveh is read by Mr. Birch on this tablet; but Nineveh lies on the Tigris, and though its temporary subjugation, if so it were, would be a remarkable circumstance, it would not necessarily involve that of the eastern provinces of the Assyrian monarchy. It is therefore rather at first a startling hypothesis that the Bactrians, and even the natives of Turkestan, who are generally meant by Scythians, were at any time reduced into subjection by armies proceeding from the Nile; and some, as I have intimated, are disposed to reject this interpretation. It is, however, supported not only by the authority of many persons conversant with the Egyptian characters, but by the passage in Tacitus above mentioned; and still more forcibly by the appearance of animals among the tributes of the vanquished nations unknown to Western Asia, the elephant and the zebu. As no facts can be more important in Egyptian history than those which relate to these early expeditions, in as much as they bear not only on that, but upon Asiatic antiquity, it is greatly to be desired that the great question, whether at any time the armies of the Pharaohs were engaged in war on the borders of the Oxus, should be finally decided. This hope is now perhaps more likely to be realised than when the difficulty first arose. Though we have not, in this Society, any direct connection with those who have explored the ruins of Nineveh, and compelled a language as unknown as that of Egypt, and characters not less difficult, to render up their secrets, we must not only regard them with sympathising interest, but from them may venture to hope for some additional illustrations of the annals of the Nile. This indeed must depend upon what has been thought a disputable question,-whether the Assyrian records, lately discovered and partially deciphered, extend back to a very remote antiquity, or are confined to that later and more notorious period, co-incident with the Jewish history, under the victorious dynasty of Sennacherib and Esar-haddon. But it is certainly known that Major Rawlinson and Mr. Layard, to whose enterprise and ingenuity we are mainly indebted, conceive themselves to have retrieved at Nimroud

the succession of a long series of monarchs, not less than twelve in regular order, belonging to the earlier race of Assyria, who must have been co-existent with the eighteenth dynasty of Egypt. The city of Nineveh, as has been above mentioned, appears on the Karnak tablet, so that some mention of these wars may reasonably be expected, possible as it may be that they will be commemorated with less regard to the glory of Egypt.

"I do not enter upon shorter or less important communications, during the past year, on Egyptian antiquity. That of Greece, though less prominent, has not passed without regard. We are indebted again to Mr. Colquhoun for the translation of a Paper by the late Dr. Ulrichs, whose investigation of the Homeric Ilium was last year communicated to the Society, through the same channel. A far less uncertain topography, as it might seem, is the subject of his later inquiry. It relates to the harbours of Athens, in ascertaining which, we have the assistance of ancient writers to guide our observations of the locality. Dr. Ulrichs has adopted an hypothesis not conformable, as he admits, to that which high authorities have laid down. It principally consists in placing the Phalerum, the most ancient sea-port of Athens, at Hagios Georgios, where Cape Colias has hitherto been supposed to have been situated, and consequently at a considerable distance from the Piræus.

"Mr. Bonomi, in a short note on the Budrum Marbles, expresses his confident opinion, concurring in this with Mr. Hamilton, that we possess in them some of the figures executed for the tomb of Mausolus; the vigour of movement and excellence of workmanship being such as indicates the most eminent sculptors.

"Mr. Burgon has directed his attention to some curious fragments of vases; and has come to the conclusion that they belong to a very remote age, even that of the heroic times,-from 1200 to 1000

A.C.

Such an inference he draws from their being found in connection with monuments of Cyclopean architecture, and from the improbability that fictile utensils, when once buried in the earth, should be wholly destroyed, considering their inde. structibility by natural agents. This hy. pothesis would lead us to think more highly of the early ages of Greece, than many at present might be inclined to do." Notwithstanding the reduction of the terms of subscription, this Society has not materially increased in numbers. Ten members have been elected during the past year, whilst four have been lost by death. From a judgment given by the GENT. MAG. VOL. XXVIII.

Vice-Chancellor of England on the 11th Feb. it is feared that the value of the bequest of 50007. made to the Society by the late Rev. Dr. Richards will be reduced one-half.

ROYAL GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY.

Meeting, the President, Lord Colchester, May 24. This was the Anniversary in the chair. The report stated that the bers; besides 39 foreign and 22 correSociety at present consists of 672 memsponding members. The accessions to the library during the past year consist of charts, atlases, &c. The gold medals 344 books and pamphlets; besides maps, were presented to Capt. Charles Sturt, for his expedition from Adelaide, by Hardand Dr. Ludwig Leichardt: to the former ley's Ponds southwards, into the interior; to the latter for his overland expedition from Darling Downs to Port Essington. Lord Colchester, in retiring from the President's chair, announced that the election of President for the next two years had fallen unanimously on W. Hamilton, esq.

ROYAL COLLE GE OF CHEMISTRY.

The

June 7. The first annual meeting was held at the College, Hanover-square, B. B. Cabbell, esq. M.P. in the chair. report of the Council announced the completion of the laboratories, and the success of the Institution. The number of students at present in the college was stated at 38,-making 147 from its establishment. A member of the college, it was said, had expressed his intention, as soon as the institution was free from debt, to invest the sum of 1000l. as a premium for discoveries in chemistry effected therein. Two offers had also been made of donations to the amount of 1007. respectively, for the purpose of raising in each case 1000l. as soon as other persons would come forward to complete the sums. Dr. Hoffman's report announced that the total receipts of the Institution last year, including the previous balance, amounted to 6,8461. 78. ;-out of which a present balance remained of 6227. 188. 7d. Some conversation took place on the subject of the 1000l. which it was proposed to invest as a prize for chemical discoveries; during which Mr. Blakemore, M.P. (who was understood to be the donor) explained that the premium was to be offered in particular for the discovery of any means which should render iron, when applied to all ordinary purposes, as little liable to rust or corrode as copper.

K

ARCHITECTURE AT THE ROYAL ACADEMY. The present exhibition we are pleased to see distinguished by the number as well as the general excellence of the ecclesiastical subjects. The confined space, and the intrusion of portraits and anomalous subjects, are still grounds of complaint; but, if the exhibition continues to improve in the number and excellence of this department, we may confidently hope to see an amendment in the mode of exhibiting them. The following subjects appeared to us most worthy of attention.

1088. The Chancel of the New Church at Honiton. C. Fowler.-This design is far behind the present age; it is a polygonal apse, in the usual style of modern imitations of Norman architecture. The pulpit of stone, placed exactly in the front of the altar, appears more like a huge font; and certainly as this position, once so common, is now so invariably avoided, it is a matter of surprise that any architect should place himself so far in the rear of the present improved state of church building. Twenty years ago he might have pleaded precedent for this unsightly arrangement; it will not avail now.

1102. South-east view of Portswood Church, near Southampton, as erected from the design of R. and J.A. Brandon.The design shews a plain and unassuming example of a country church, consisting of a nave, aisles, and chancel, a tower at the east end of the south aisle, crowned with a shingled spire. The roofs are of high pitch; the nave has a clerestory of cuspated circular windows. The peculiar position of the tower, we apprehend, was induced by some local peculiarity in the

site.

1107. North-east view of West Wickham Church, as rebuilt from the design of Whichead and Son.-We could scarcely recognise an edifice long familiar to us in this view, which is seen from the northeast. To this side of the church has been added a transept and sacristy, which, as they keep up the general style of the architecture of the building, and, we apprehend, were erected to meet the wants of the parish, are not to be censured. Great part of the old structure has been preserved, and in the additions the original design is but little interfered with. We have heard that the beautiful glass has been carefully preserved.

1116. St. Andrew's Church, Wellsstreet, Oxford-street. J. R. Hamilton.This is a view of the west front of a newly erected church, of great merit. It is the sole point of view in which the exterior

can be seen. The present may rank among the best churches recently built, and it owes much of its merit to the attention which has been paid to ecclesiastical propriety in the design and arrangement. The tower is situated at the west end of the south aisle, and is surmounted by a spire of excellent proportions. It, however, appears somewhat too early for the style of the main structure, which may perhaps be occasioned by the absence of crockets (omitted, we apprehend, on the score of economy). On the whole, this is a striking church, and holds a high rank among the productions of the day.

1119. Pennant Church, Montgomeryshire. G. P. Lamb.-A church of earlyEnglish architecture, with a nave large in proportion to the chancel, and having an exaggerated bell-gable erected over the south porch. The simplicity of the design is injured by an attempt to give a greater degree of effect to a structure of small dimensions than is warranted by the size of the edifice.

1120. Church of the Holy Trinity, Ryde, Isle of Wight. T. Hellyer.-The church consists of a nave and aisles, with separate roofs of good pitch, the nave a small degree raised in elevation; at the west end is a tower with spire, the latter too much crowded with spire lights. The drawing does not shew whether there is a chancel or not. We should judge the arrangement of the plan has been adopted from the choir of the Temple church. The architecture is plain, and the entire design, if it had been executed some years back, would have been deemed a very superior structure. The church architecture of the present day is much in advance of this design.

1140. New Church to be erected at Rossendale, Lancashire. J. Clarke.—A cruciform Norman structure, with central tower, having an octangular staircase turret attached to it; the chancel terminates with an apse, and the tower is capped with a low pyramidal roof, always a good finish for a tower. The drawing does not shew detail, but the windows, especially in the transept, appear to be well introduced; and the finish of the tower, equally with the size of the chancel, are good features of the peculiar style which has been adopted, a style admirably suited for the smaller class of churches in rural districts, as this appears to be.

1170. Interior of the Church of the Holy Trinity, Bembridge, Isle of Wight. J. Hellyer.-This church is in the style of early-English architecture; it consists