corn. They make blankets, baskets, and pottery, and are in many other ways quite civilized. The Navajo (nav'a-ho) Indians have thousands of horses and hundreds of thousands of sheep. They are industrious and frugal. They live in little round huts s made of poles covered with earth. These huts have holes in the top for chimneys. Some most beautiful blankets are made by the Navajo women. They are woven by hand and sometimes sell for as much as one hundred dollars apiece. 5 ΤΟ A large number of Indians live in what was once the Indian Territory, but which is now a part of the State of Oklahoma. This territory was set aside more than fifty years ago, and Congress hoped to make it the home of all the Indians. As it is now, much of it is 15 owned by the five civilized tribes the Cherokees, the Chickasaws, the Choctaws, the Creeks, and the Seminoles. Many of these Indians are more civilized than some of our white people. They have beautiful houses and large and prosperous farms. They have 20 schools and churches. The tribal form of government is gradually being abolished. The Cherokees have an alphabet, and their books are printed in their own language. Many of the men of these civilized nations marry white women, and the 25 Indian girls often marry white men. For a long time our government has been trying to educate and civilize the Indians. We have an Indian Bureau connected with our Interior Department at Washington, and the head of this is the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. Superintendents, who report to him, are placed in charge of every reservation; sand through them the Indians are regularly supplied with certain amounts of food, clothing, cattle, horses, and farming tools. Formerly everything was given to the Indians free, but now all except the sick, aged, and disabled must perform labor for what they get or to pay for it in cash on the easy-payment plan. Upon some of the reservations irrigation works have been established, and on others mining of various kinds is carried on. Some of the Indians have sawmills, and a great many have farms of their own, thus supporting 15 themselves. Our government does all it can to make the Indians useful citizens. It regards the red men, women, and children as pupils in a great school, embracing the various reservations, and it has a force of some20 thing like six thousand men and women to teach them. It has established several schools for the education of Indian boys and girls. There are day schools, situated near the homes of the Indians, for pupils from the first to the fifth grade. 25 Here the children study the same things that we do, and the boys are also taught gardening and manual training, while the girls learn sewing and housekeeping. Lunch is served at many of these schools. There are also boarding schools, some on the reservations and some at a distance from them. The children live at the boarding schools and go home only during the summer vacations. These schools have classrooms like ours and also have workshops where the boys learn to s be carpenters, masons, printers, tailors, and harness makers. Some study plumbing and others learn to be engineers. If a boy has no land, he is advised to learn a trade. By these means nearly all the Indians have become more or less civilized. They have adopted 10 the white man's clothing, and there is but little doubt that in time all will be cultivating their farms or earning their living by other work as we do. 1. Make a written outline of this selection by topics. might be: I. A description of the Indians. How many general divisions are there? The first What would II be? 2. With your outline in hand, be able to discuss briefly but clearly some one of the topics. This will require careful re-reading. Think over exactly what you will say, before the recitation period. 3. Show on the map of the United States, the states that are mentioned. "SON"," KWAHU AND KWEWE BY GEORGE N. MORAN said Kokop one day, as Kwahu sat watch ing him cut a deerskin into moccasins with a sharpened piece of flint, "son, you are to go into the woods with the hunters to-day. There are many who sfear they know not what. If the fear is greater than the man, then the man shall not be called a man. Eleven summers have your cheeks been burned in the fierce sun, and as many times have you seen the snowmantle on the bosom of the Earth Mother. The deer, To the fox, and the wolf are cunning, and the bear is brave; but the homes of the hunters are hung with their skins. Your arm is strong. The rest you must prove. Go, you are the son of a chief!" Kwahu took the bow his father gave him and the 15 arrows tipped with flint. Down the narrow cañon, from the village high up on a hill, the hunting party went; past the scattered open spaces where the corn was growing; over a stretch of desert shimmering in the sun; across the plain and on to the woods beyond. 20 It was a long journey. Kwahu walked proudly with the men, thinking of what old Acmo had taught him of the fox, the wolf, the mountain lion, and the antelope, and how to know the tracks of one animal from those of another. He heard the hunters talk of Kwewe the 25 evil one, father of all wolves, that no hunter had been able to trap or kill, and he remembered that it was Kwewe that carried off Buli the Butterfly. He grasped his bow more firmly; felt in his belt the knife he had made from a stone and sharpened on the rough rocks; walked faster, and resolved that, if s possible, he would be the one to kill Kwewe. His thoughts were of the wolf and he looked for tracks. Once he thought he had found them and his heart leaped. But they were the footprints of a fox, and old. A deer, startled, leaped from the edge of a pool of water and ran. An arrow from a hunter's bow struck it and it fell dead. ΤΟ Deep in the forest Kwahu heard a strange noise and crouched in the thick underbrush to watch and wait. 15 The rocks beside him were not more still than he. A long time he waited, but no animal came. When at last he stood up, he was alone. The hunters had gone on without him, but he was not afraid. He traced the footprints of his own moccasins back over the trail 20 to where the deer had been killed. Its skin was stretched on the limb of a tree to dry, but no hunters were in sight. On the ground, however, he found the marks of their moccasins, and he followed their trail up the side of the mountain. As he trudged sturdily along, climbing over great bowlders and the trunks of fallen trees, or running quickly across the open spaces where the tracks of the 25 |