until the particles are all disengaged | from each other, and purged of impurities; then put 20 or 30 gallons of water into a large tub, add lb. soda dissolved, and put in the safflower; stir it up, and let it bleed 30 or 40 minutes; then strain it through the bag into a second tub; if not well enough bled, repeat in the first tub with a little more soda. To refine safflower after being bled, -immerse 3 or 4 lbs. cotton yarn or cloth in it; in 10 minutes lift, and add a little tartaric; return for 10 minutes; add a little tartaric again; return for 10 minutes more; lift, and add the tartaric a third time, at which time it must do no more than taste slightly sour; then wash in 2 or 3 waters, after which it must be bled in a tub of clean water with a little soda; then make up this liquor with water for dyeing.

COCHINEAL.

ROSE COLOUR WITH For 10 yards. Bottoming, blue archil, oz.; preparation, tartar, oz.; scarlet spirits, 2 oz.; dyeing, cochineal, fully 1 oz. Bottom with archil; lift; dissolve the tartar, and put it and the spirits into 100 gallons water; winch in this for some time; then let it lie 12 hours (if this preparation is made hot, 3 or 4 hours will do); pound, and then boil the cochineal; put off the boil; lift out of the preparation, and enter; winch till the liquor cools, and the colour will be full enough.

SCARLET WITH COCHINEAL.-For 10 yards. Bottoming, annatto, fully 1 oz.; preparation, tartar, 14 oz.; scarlet spirits, 3 oz.; dyeing, cochineal, 2 oz. Bottom with the annatto, 212° Fahrenheit; winch 15 or 20 minutes, and it should be a full orange; then give the preparation and cochineal as for rose colour.

FAST CRIMSON.-For 10 yards. Bottoming, cudbear, 1 oz.; preparation, tartar, 1 oz.; scarlet spirits, 3 oz.; dyeing, cochineal, 2 oz. Boil or scald the cudbear; winch in this 30 minutes; then prepare and dye as before.

PURPLE. The best upon the purple vat. wash in 2 cold waters; wash in 2 hot waters.

purples are made For a red shade, for a blue shade, Another but in

ferior method is, to prepare with alum, dye with logwood, and raise with double muriate of tin.

ROYAL BLUE PURPLE.-For whatever depth of colour required, winch upon the purple vat, wash in 2 warm waters; then put a little extract of indigo into a tub of cold water; add a little sulphuric acid; enter and work in this till you get the required shade, then wash in cold water, and dry

LILAC.-The best lilac is dyed upon nitro-sulphate of iron spirits; when without these, the following is the simplest method:-10 gallons water, 1 pint purple vat. Add raw muriatic acid till the glass stands at 6° Twaddle; enter in this, and work till you get the required shade; if too light, add more purple liquor, wash in 2 warm waters, and dry.

LAVENDER.-Same as lilac, by adding a little neutralized extract of indigo. Break 4 oz. of extract of indigo; dilute it with 2 quarts of hot water, and add half an ounce of soda, to destroy or neutralize whatever acid the extract contains; after stirring it well up, let it stand for two days, then strain it for use. Silver grey gets less stuff than lavender.

Aniline Colours.-No mordant is necessary for these colours when used on silk or woollen; the proper quantity of clear liquid is mixed with slightly warm water, the scum formed skimmed off, and the goods entered and worked until the required shade is obtained. Paste mauve is dissolved in spirit before being used, and care must be taken to prevent irregularities from the tarry

scum.

For dyeing on cotton, the cloth is steeped in sumac or tannic acid dyed in the colour, and can then be fixed by tin; or the cloth may be sumaced and mor danted as usual with tin, and then dyed.

Woollen Dyeing.-A pound of wool woven into common merino measures about 3 yards, common moreen about 2 yards.

JET BLACK.-For 50 lbs. Prepare with 24 lbs. chrome; boil half an hour, and wash in 2 waters. Dye with 20 lbs. logwood and 2 lbs. fustic. Boil half an

D

hour; 1 water, then a slight sour, mode- | rately warm; 1 cold water, and finish out of a warm one, softened with a little urine. GENEVA BLACK.-3 lbs. green copperas, 3 lbs. tartar, lb. sulphate of copper, 1 lb. fustic, 1 lb. logwood. Boil for half an hour; enter, and boil the cloth 3 hours; wash; then enter into a vat with 11 lbs. logwood; boil 1 hour; raise; enter into logwood vat for half an hour, and finish.

FAST BLACK. For 50 lbs. Prepare with 2 lbs. chrome, 1 lb. tartar, and 1 quart muriate of tin; boil 1 hour, and wash in 2 waters. Dye with 25 lbs. logwood and 3 lbs. fustic. Boil 30 minutes, lift, add 1 pint vitriol. Return for 10 minutes, then wash and dry. To render this blue-black, omit the fustic.

CINNAMON BROWN.-For 50 lbs. 8lbs. fustic, 2 lbs. madder, 10 oz. cudbear, 1 lb. tartar, 2 lbs. alum. Give 2 runs, and sadden with 3 or 4 oz. of copperas.

boil half an hour; raise with 1 quart muriate of tin.

ROYAL PURPLE.-For 50 lbs. Blue on the woad vat, either warm or cold, for whatever depth of colour required; wash in 2 waters; then give 23 lbs. cudbear; boil half an hour, or until you get the shade wanted; if not blue enough, give another run upon the vat.

PALE BLUE.-For 50 lbs. 1 gill sulphuric acid, 3 oz. extract of indigo, 1 lb. alum. Enter cold with one half of the extract; give the other half when the boiler warms; bring to the spring.

ROYAL BLUE. For 56 lbs. 3 lbs. super-sulphate of tartar, 3 lbs. prussiate of potash, 2 lbs. 10 oz. logwood, 3 quarts royal blue spirits, 3 pints muriate of tin. Into a boiler containing 100 gallons of water, put the prussiate and supersulphate of tartar, after being dissolved in a little boiling water; have the logwood boiled beforehand, put it in, and one-half of the blue spirits; enter cool, heat up to 180° Fahrenheit, and lift;

CLARET. For 50 lbs. Preparation, 1 lb. chrome. Dyeing, 9 lbs. limawood, 2 lbs. logwood, lb. tartar. Boil half an hour.

OLIVE BROWN.-For 50 lbs. Preparation, 1 lb. chrome. Dycing, 7 lbs. fustic, 3 lbs. madder, 1 lb. logwood, 2 lbs. tartar, 8 oz. cudbear. 1 run; raise in the second with 5 or 6 oz. bluestone; wash well and dry.

COMMON DARK BROWN.-For 40 lbs. 6 lbs. logwood, 12 lbs. redwood, 4 lbs. madder. Boil half an hour, air out and repeat, then sadden with 1 lb. copperas; if too dark, raise to pattern with muriate of tin.

RUBY.-For 50 lbs. Preparation, 3 lbs. tartar and 2 lbs. alum. Boil half an hour, and wash in 3 warm waters. Dyeing, 8 lbs. limawood, lb. cudbear, and lb. tartar. Boil half an hour, and blue to pattern with hot water.

PURPLE.-For 50 lbs. Preparation, 1 lb. tartar and 1 lb. alum; wash in 3 waters. Dye with 10 lbs. logwood;

and boil for a quarter of an hour; lift again, cool well and give the muriate of tin; return and boil 15 minutes; lift, wash, and dry.

ROYAL BLUE PURPLE.-For 56 lbs. 10 lbs. logwood, 14 lb. prussiate of potash, 3 lbs. super-sulphate of tartar, 33 quarts royal blue spirits, 3 pints muriate of tin. Give the logwood at twice lest the colour get unlevel.

PEA GREEN.-For 54 lbs. 2 lbs. extract of indigo, 7 lbs. fustic, 1 lb. alum. Bring on from the cold; when the boiler hcats to 180° Fahrenheit, put in the fustic; boil 15 minutes.

3

COMMON PALE GREEN.-For 50 lbs. lbs. extract of indigo, 2 lbs. fustic, 10 oz. tartar, 1 gill sulphuric acid. Give the extract and acid first; when at 180° Fahrenheit, put in the fustic and tarta; boil 15 minutes.

GRASS GREEN. For 50 lbs. Boil 20 lbs. fustic, 7 lbs. extract of indigo, 13 lb. tartar, 3 gills sulphuric acid.

OLIVE GREEN.-For 50 lbs. Prepare with 1 lb. chrome; boil half an hour, and wash in 2 waters; then boil 12 lbs. fustic and 2 lbs. logwood for 1

hour; add 2 lbs. madder and 2 lbs. redwood. Enter; boil half an hour. Raise in the same liquor with 4 oz. bluestone; wash well and dry.

PEACH. For 50 lbs. Drench 8 lbs. cudbear with a little hot water; boil or cald it in 3 or 4 gallons; decant the clear liquor into a boiler containing 100 gallons water; enter cold; bring to the boil; lift and put in 1 lb. soda, or 2 gallons urine; return and boil 10 minutes.

DRAB. For 50 lbs. 7 lbs. fustic, 8 oz. madder, 4 oz. cudbear, 2 lbs. alum, 8 oz. tartar. Enter between the cold and 160° Fahrenheit; after heating up, boil from 10 to 30 minutes; wash in 2 waters. All dark shades of this and the four following colours may be slightly prepared with chrome; wash in 2 waters. LIGHT DRAB.-For 56 lbs. 4 lbs. fustic, 1 lb. alum, 4 oz. madder, 4 oz. tartar, 3 oz. cudbear. Work as for drab. FAWN.-For 50 lbs. 5 lbs. fustic, 1 lb. madder, lb. camwood, lb. cudbear, 2 lbs. alum. Work as for drab.

STONE. For 50 lbs. 1 lb. logwood, 4 oz. fustic, 8 oz. extract of indigo, 3 lbs. alum, 1 lb. tartar. Work as for drab. SLATE.--For 50 lbs. 1 lb. logwood, 8 oz. extract of indigo, 4 oz. fustic, 2 lbs. tartar, 2 lbs. alum. Work as for drab.

STRAW.-For 50 lbs. Boil 3 lbs. quercitron bark and 3 oz. cochineal. Add 2 lbs. tartar, 3 quarts muriate of tin. Enter at 150° Fahrenheit; boil 30 minutes.

PRIMROSE.-For 50 lbs. Boil 2 lbs. bark. Add 2 lbs. tartar, 2 quarts muriate of tin. Enter at 150° Fahrenheit; boil 30 minutes.

YELLOW.-For 40 lbs. 2 lbs. bark, 2 lbs. tartar, 2 quarts muriate of tin. Enter at 150° Fahrenheit; boil 30 minutes.

BUFF. For 45 lbs. Boil 4 lbs. fustic and 1 lb. madder. Add 7 lbs. alum. Enter at 200° Fahrenheit; boil 30 minutes.

AMBER.-For 40 lbs. Boil 4 lbs. bark and 8 oz. madder. Add 2 quarts muriate of tin, 1 lb. tartar. Enter at 200° Fahrenheit; boil 30 minutes.

ORANGE.-For 50 lbs. Boil 10 lbs. bark and 1 lb. cochineal. Add 2 lbs. tartar, 2 quarts yellow spirits. Enter at 200° Fahrenheit; boil 30 minutes.

LILAC.-For 50 lbs. Boil 5 lbs. logwood and 2 lbs. alum. Add 2 quarts muriate of tin, 8 oz. extract of indigo. Brought on from 100° Fahrenheit.

LAVENDER.-For 45 lbs. Boil 2 lbs. logwood and 2 lbs. alum. Add 10 oz. extract of indigo. Enter cold, and bring up to the boil.

FRENCH GREY.-For 50 lbs. Boil 7 lbs. fustic and 12 oz. cudbear. Add 6 oz. extract of indigo, 1 pint sulphuric acid. Cool to 180° Fahrenheit; enter, and boil 20 minutes.

SILVER GREY. - For 50 lbs. Boil 1 lb. logwood and 2 lbs. alum. Add 5 oz. extract of indigo. Brought on from 100° Fahrenheit; boil 10 minutes.

FRENCH PINK.-For 50 lbs. 3 gills ammonia paste; 1 lb. tartaric acid, to redden; 10 oz. oxalic acid, to blue. Enter at 140° Fahrenheit; heat no higher than 200°.

ROSE COLOUR.-For 40 lbs. 1 lb. cochineal, 3 gills double muriate of tin, 1 lb. tartaric acid. Enter at 100° Fahrenheit; heat up; boil 15 minutes; lift, and cool to 120°, by throwing out part of the liquor, and filling up with water, -add 1 gill ammonia paste, 12 oz. tartaric acid, 6 oz. oxalic acid. Bring up to the boil; when the desired shade is got, wash well, and dry.

SCARLET WITH COCHINEAL. For 50 lbs. Boil 4 lbs. cochineal and 12 lb. bark. Add 3 lbs. tartar, 2 quarts scarlet spirits. Enter at 200° Fahrenheit; boil one hour; wash well. Sour before dyeing, either cold or warm; 1 water, out.

SCARLET WITH LAC. For 50 lbs. Boil 5 lbs. lac and 1 lb. bark. Add 3 lbs. tartar, 2 quarts lac scarlet spirits. Enter at 200° Fahrenheit; boil 1 hour; wash well. Sour as before.

SCARLET WITH LAC AND COCHINEAL. -For 50 lbs. Boil 4 lbs. lac and 1 lb. bark. Add 2 lbs. tartar, 2 quarts lac scarlet spirits. Enter at 200° Fahrenheit; boil in this 30 minutes; lift, and wash well; then, in a boiler of clean

water, boil 14 oz. cochineal and 14 oz. tartar. Add 1 pint scarlet spirits. Enter at 200° Fahrenheit; boil 20 minutes, and wash well out. Sour before dyeing.

LIMAWOOD CRIMSON. For 50 lbs. Prepare with 2 1Ls. alum and lb. tartar. Boil half an hour; wash in 3 warm waters. Boil in 11 lbs. limawood, and add 1⁄2 lb. cudbear. Boil in this for half an hour, and blue with warm water.

FAST CRIMSON.-For 50 lbs. 6 lbs. cochineal, lb. cudbear. Boil in this three-quarters of an hour; raise with 2 quarts crimson spirits; boil a quarter of an hour; lift, wash well, and dry. COCHINEAL CRIMSON. - For 50 lbs. 3 lbs. cochineal, 2 lbs. tartar, 2 quarts crimson spirits. Boil half an hour; wash well; blue with urine or a little ammonia, in a clean tub of warm water, 150° F.

Cotton Dyeing, BLACK.—For 40 lbs. Boil or scald 10 lbs. sumac; lay the cloth or yarn in this for 18 hours; wring out; run through acetate of iron, 40° Twaddle; 4 turns, or for half an hour; wring out; repeat and wash well in 3 waters; then boil 8 lbs. logwood and 1 lb. fustic; put off the boil and enter; or the clear of the liquor may be decanted into another dish; 1 run, continue half an hour; wring out; repeat; sadden with 1 lb. copperas; 2 runs; wash and dry. In Job Dyeing, for a piece of cloth 20 yards, prepare in strong hot sumach like the above; then put 3 quarts slacked lime into 20 gallons water; when the lime precipitates, decant the clear into another tub, lift the cloth out of the sumach, give 1 run through acetate of iron, 1 through lime, repeat in the iron, and again through the lime. Should the cloth have got unlevel, give an extra run through the lime to make it level; then wash in 2 waters, and give logwood and a little fustic, like the above. FAST BLACK. - For 50 lbs. Dark blue on blue vat cotton; lay then in 18 lbs. hot sumach for 24 hours; lift, and sadden with black iron liquor; wash and dry.

BROWN. For 50 lbs., or 200 yards. Prepare with 2 lbs. sumach, acetate of

iron, 2° Twaddle, and lime, 10 Twad. Dye with 18 lbs. redwood and 4 lbs. fustic. Twenty-four hours in the sumach, lift, and run through the iron tub, then through the lime; repeat in each tub, and wash in 3 waters; then scald or boil the wood; decant into another tub; enter and winch for 20 minutes; air out, and repeat; if not dark enough, add a little logwood; then sadden with 6 or 8 oz. copperas.

MADDER BROWN.-For 40 lbs. Boil or scald 10 lbs. sumach; lay the goods in it for 24 hours; lift, and decant into a tub, containing 60 gallons water, 1 quart acetate of iron, and 1 quart mordant. Enter; turn for half an hour; lift, and wash in 2 waters; then dye with 10 lbs. best crop madder; enter cold, and bring to the spring.

DARK BROWN WITH CATECHU.-For 200 yards. Boil 30 lbs. catechu; enter the cloth as it leaves the singeing-work; winch it in the catechu for some time, and let it down into the boiler all night; in the morning light a fire under the boiler; lift the cloth, and give 2 runs through acetate of iron; wash well out of the iron; have the boiler up, and give another run through it at the boil, 1 hour; lift, and give other 2 runs of iron, when it will be quite black; stripe with lime to the shade required.

LIGHT CATECHU BROWN.-For 50 lbs. Boil 20 lbs. catechu in one boiler, 5 lbs. chrome in another. Enter in the catechu first; work 20 minutes, and wring out; then through the chrome, 10 minutes, and wring out; through catechu again; giving shot about till dark enough; finishing with catechu.

CLARET.-For 50 lbs. Preparation,

12 lbs. sumach; spirit tub, 3° Twad. Dyeing, 15 lbs. limawood; 2 lbs. logwood, to blue. Raising, 1 quart red spirits for cotton. 8 to 10 hours in the sumach; work 1 or 2 hours in the spirit tub; wash out of it in 3 waters; boil the limawood and logwood; decant into a large tub; winch 30 minutes; lift, and give the raising; enter again for 15 minutes; lift, wash, and dry.

RUBY. - For 50 lbs. Preparation,

12 lbs. sumach; spirit tub, 3° Twad. Dyeing, 12 lbs. limawood; 1 lb. logwood to blue. Raising, 1 quart red spirits, for cotton; wrought like claret.

PURPLE.-For 50 lbs. Preparation, 12 lbs. sumach; spirit tub, 230 Twad. Dyeing, 15 lbs. logwood. Raising, 1 quart purple spirits, cotton; wrought like claret.

SCARLET.-For 40 lbs. Preparation, 16 lbs. sumach; spirit tub, 3° Twad. Dyeing, 24 lbs. limawood, 3 lbs. turmeric. Raising, 6 lbs. alum. After lying in sumach 24 hours, lift, and winch it in the spirit tub; wash well out; boil the wood; decant the clear liquor into a large tub; enter, and winch for 30 minutes; then raise with alum.

CRIMSON WITH COCHINEAL.-For 50 lbs. Prepare with 15 lbs. sumach and 10 lbs. alum. Dye with 64 lbs. cochineal. Twenty-four hours in the sumach; lift; make up a hot solution of alum; winch in that 2 or 3 hours; lift; wash in 2 waters; then boil the cochineal; put off the boil; enter, and winch till full enough; then wash and dry.

LIMAWOOD RED.-For 40 lbs. 10 lbs. sumach; spirit vat, 240 Twaddle; 12 lbs. limawood; 1 quart red spirits. After being prepared with sumach, winch it in the spirit vat for 2 hours; lift, and wash well in 3 waters; boil or scald the limawood; decant the clear liquor into another vessel; enter, and winch in this for 30 minutes; lift, and raise in the same liquor, with 1 quart of red spirits.

BARWOOD RED.-For 40 lbs. 10 lbs. sumach; spirit vat, 240 Twaddle; 40 lbs. barwood; quart red spirits; done in the same manner as limawood red.

DRAB. For 40 lbs. Boil 6 lbs. fustic; scald 2 lbs. limawood; 2 lbs. sumach. Decant into a wooden vessel, capable of containing 100 gallons; reduce with cold water to handling heat; enter; 6 turns; wring out; sadden with 8 oz. copperas; turns; wring out again, and give 4 oz. bluestone.

FAWN. For 50 lbs. Boil 5 lbs. fustic and 3 lbs. limawood. Add 2 lbs. alum. Decant the fustic and limawood into a

large tub; reduce to handling heat; enter and work 15 minutes; if not dark enough, add 8 oz. logwood; then wash and dry.

STONE.-For 50 lbs. Boil 4 lbs. fustic, 2 lbs. limawood, 2 lbs. madder. Decant and work in this 15 minutes; air out and repeat; lift, and add 4 or 6 oz. copperas; enter again, and work till you get the required shade; then wash and dry.

LAVENDER.-100 yards. Scald 1 lb. logwood and 2 lbs. sumach. Decant both into a tub of sufficient size; cool to 150° Fahrenheit; add 2 gills vitriol; winch in this 20 minutes; lift and run slightly through acetate of iron; wash in 2 waters, then give 1 lb. logwood as before; raise with a pint of muriate of tin; wash in 2 waters; then, in a tub of cold water, put 4 oz. extract of indigo; enter, and winch in this 15 minutes; lift, give 1 water, and dry.

LILAC.100 yards. Scald 1 lb logwood, 2 lbs. sumach. Decant, and work like the last; sadden, and top with logwood; raise with muriate of tin.

PINK. For 30 lbs. yarn, or 250 yards cloth. Bleed 7 lbs. safflower in 50 gallons soft water; dissolve 2 lbs. tartar in 3 gallons hot water; enter the yarn in the safflower, and give 4 turns; lift, and put in one-half of the tartar; enter; 4 turns more; lift again, and put in all the tartar, and work in it till you get the required shade.

DEEP BLUE.-Put 10 lbs. cotton through the blue vat; soak in a decoction of 2 lbs. sumach for 3 hours; work for 15 minutes through water containing 1 pint red mordant and 1 pint black liquor; wash twice in hot water, theu work 20 minutes in a decoction of 2 lbs. logwood; lift, and raise with pint of red mordant, work 10 minutes; wash and dry.

2 lbs.

PALE BLUE.-For 50 lbs. prussiate of potash; nitrate of iron, 3° Twaddle; add 2 lbs. crystals of tin, 1 pint vitriol. Turn in the iron tub 20 minutes; lift; run through cold water (not rinced), wring up; shake well out; dissolve the prussiate into 100 gallons water; enter, and winch 15 minutes;