The Metallurgy of Iron and SteelMcGraw-Hill Publishing Company, 1908 - 509 páginas |
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Termos e frases comuns
acid open-hearth air-furnace alloy amount annealing basic open-hearth bath Bessemer process blast furnace blow blow-holes bottom brittle burned cast iron cementite cent charge chemical coke combined carbon containing converter cooling crucible steel crystals cupola decrease diameters dissolved ductility effect electric elements engine eutectic ferrite flame foundry freezing fuel gases graphite hardened hardness hearth heat impurities inch increase ingots iron and steel iron oxide ladle layer less liable lime liquid magnetic manganese material melting metal mill mold molten nickel open-hearth furnace open-hearth process open-hearth steel operation oxygen pearlite phosphorus piece pig iron pipe plate pounds poured practice precipitation pressure produced puddling reaction recarburizer reduced rolls sand scrap shown in Fig shrinkage silica silicon slag smelting zone solid solution solidification sorbite steel castings strength sulphur surface TABLE temper temperature tion tons total carbon tuyeres usually weight welded wrought iron
Passagens mais conhecidas
Página 461 - Unit (BTU) is the amount of heat required to raise one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit.
Página 391 - The eighth report of the Alloys Research Committee of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers shows that rich copper aluminium alloys do not corrode when in conjunction with mild steel in sea-water.
Página 392 - Irons, those which owe their properties chiefly to the presence of an element (or elements) other than carbon.
Página 6 - The committee recommends drawing the line between cast iron and steel at 2.20 per cent. carbon for the reason that this appears from the results of Carpenter and Keeling to be the critical percentage of carbon corresponding to the point "a" in the diagrams of Roberts- Austen and Roozeboom.
Página 481 - Elongation. — After a bar under tensile stress has passed its elastic limit it begins to be permanently elongated in the direction of the pull. A soft metal, like copper or mild steel, will stretch out somewhat like...
Página 6 - Gray Pig Iron and Gray Cast Iron. — Pig iron and cast iron in the fracture of which the iron itself is nearly or quite concealed by graphite, so that the fracture has the gray color of graphite.
Página 51 - ... of the open-hearth process are: (a) long time occupied in purification; (b) large charges treated in the furnace (modern practice is usually 30 to 70 tons to a furnace) ; (c) at least part of the charge melted in the purification furnace; and (d) furnace heated with preheated gas and air, Fig. 10. "Basic Open-Hearth Process.
Página 6 - Steel. — Iron which is malleable at least in some one range of temperature and, in addition, is either (a) cast into an initially malleable mass; or, (b) is capable of hardening greatly by sudden cooling; or, (c) is both so cast and so capable of hardening.
Página 26 - ... zone. The blast. entering the furnace through the tuyeres, consists of 23 per cent. by weight of oxygen and 77 per cent. by weight of nitrogen, together with varying amounts of water vapor from moisture in the air (see page 38).