Third: Verbs, have the Inf. when with prefixed, always with Tay at the end, as 2), (Gen. xvi. 3), (Jud. 11. 26), (Gen. xxxvi. 7.) (Esther. i. Fourth: Verbs, have their first radicals in Inf. with Hholem; as (Gen. xviii. 10.); and when with the prefixed Sixth: Verbs change in Inf. with prefixed, the third radical into Tav with a Hholem upon the preceding letter, nisaa (Prov. v. 11), nibaa (Ps. Ixxi. 9), nibb (2 Chron. (Gen. xviii. 25.) This is applicable to all conjugations, as (Deut. xxxi.24), ♫ (Num. xxx. 14), (Eccle. i. 15), an (Exod. xxx. 8), ♫ (Levit. xviii. 6); (Deut. xxxi. 11), ♫ (2 Sam. vi. 20.); in Hiphil ya (Esther. iv. 8.);-sometimes the He of Hiphil is dropped, and supplied by a Pattahh on the preceding letter, as on (Exod. xiii. 4), D (Deut. i. 33.); in (.2 .Sam. xii 2) לְהִתְחַלּוֹת Hithpael "§ 253. Verbs, whose second radical is a proper Quiescent or a Guttural, exclude the peculiarities of verbs. "The reason is, that the Daghesh (compensative of Nun) cannot be inserted in either of these classes of letters; and therefore usage commonly preserved the Nun before them. But in Niphal Praeter, where a Guttural is the second radical, and Nun would be repeated if it were preserved, it is dropped, as D, not, the vowel in the first syllable being prolonged as usual, § 112. The verb drops in the Fut. of Kal; as ♫ but also more usually 2d person. In other respects, the verbs above named are regular in respect to Nun." The authorities upon which the author may found the rule, that verbs with a Guttural for their second radical, drop the Nun in Niphal Praeter,-in order that the Nun shall not be repeated-is utterly unknown to us; the whole number of such נהק נהם נהל נהה נאר נאק נאצ נָאף נאם .verbs is 17, viz From all these verbs .נער נעם נעל נחת נחם נחל נחה נהר ,נחם in ; נער נחת נחם .three only exhibit a Niphal form, viz we find D (Jud. xxi. 15), (Jer. viii. 6), (2 Sam. xiii. 39), (Isa. xlix. 13), (Isai. li. 3), (Isai. lii. 9.); we have remarked § 183, that we sometimes find Piel in a different meaning from Kal, as why, inaya (Levit. v. 21) and yet, although Piel, intransitively; therefore can all these on belong as well to Piel, although used intransitively? and it is highly probable that a neuter verb, as to repent, may be used in Passive or Niphal form; at least there is no evident authority pro or contra. The verb Л, it is true, is found in the defective form, n)(Ps. 38, 3), but this defective form is again counter-balanced by the next verb, where we find Niphal in regular form, y (Ps. cix. 22.) Also, the reason of the author for dropping the Nun in Niphal Praeter, in order that Nun shall not be repeated, is refuted by many instances, 1, (Ps. cix. 22); 2, □ (Num. xxxii. 19); 3, (Isa. xxxviii. 20,) and 4, we find even three Nuns together, ]]♫ (Ps. ix. 14.) "Pluriliteral Verbs." "§ 300. These are properly very few; and they are declined like the Conjs. Pilel and Pulal. The following list comprises the whole number that actually appear; viz. מִכְרְכָּל participle T “(1) NOND, 1 pers. with suffix TNDND, Is. 14: 23. (2) 7, participle, 1 Chron. 15: 27. (3) DD, Fut. with suffix. , Ps. 80: 14. (4.) in, Job. 26: 9. (5) 7, Job. 33: 25. (6), 2 pers. fut., Jer. 12:5; participle, Jer. 12: 15. (7) A few other forms are noted in some of the lexicons, but in others they are more properly referred to the Pilel form, derived from a triliteral root; as Pilel 3 pers. fem. in pause, Job. 15: 32. Cant. 1: 16, from .]” TAT To these six pluriliteral verbs may yet undoubtedly be added 17, viz. (1), 3 pers. (Ps. lxxii. 6), to water. (2), 3 pers. (Prov. xxx. 31), to gird. (3) Doon, Pual, participle Don, (Exod. xiv. 16), to scale off. (4) , Piel participle 2 (2 Sam. vi. 14), to dance mightily, Piel D (Isa. ix. 10), Praeter, Piel ' (6) 030, Fut. (Isa. xix. 2). (7), Fut. Piel (Isa. xxxviii. 14), Participle (Isa. xxii. 5) to break down. (11), Participle (12), Hithpael (Isa. xxii. 17) to carry away. suffix as Imper. (Prov. iv. 8.) (16) 727, Praeter, יה סְחַרְחַר סחרחר (17) .Lam. ii. 11. to be troubled) חָמַרְמָרוּ (Ps. xxxviii. 10), to pant. They may be classed-First, in verbs of two similar sylla .and all others ,טלטל כרכר קרקר שעשע סכסך bles, as .and all others כרסם פרשן כרבל חספס ent radicals, as Secondly, in verbs, whose second and third radicals—are alike, as NND, AA, and Thirdly, in verbs of quadriliteral differ 66 "§ 301. Participles are treated as adjectives, i. e. declined as nouns ; which is common in other languages. Participles, in regard to case, tone-syllable, &c. follow the usages of nouns. Par. XXI. exhibits the various phases and declensions of their absolute cases." "§ 302. All of them in the fem. may form Segholates, except the ground-form has an immutable penult vowel. E. g., , &c. are incapable of a Seghol. form, because the penult vowels cannot be so changed as to conform to the laws of Segholates; see § 142. d. But in Hiphil, the fem. Segholates are derived from an apoc. .. יַקְטֵל .like the apoc. Fut ,מַקְטֵלָה fem. form It has been remarked by some grammarians, that the Participle fem. adopts the Segholate form when six syllables precede it, without being interrupted by a pause-accent, as § 303. "Pronouns, following verbs and governed by them, are attached to them and united in the same word. This is effected by taking the fragments or parts of the pronoun, with an appropriate vowel of union (where one is needed) and adjusting the form of the verb, when necessary, so as to receive it. § 312. "Notes on the Panadigm. Kal. Praet. 3d. pers. masc. In , as the tone is moved forward, the first vowel falls away, § 132; the second vowel of the original word is thrown into a simple syllable, and becomes long, § 130; but where the syllable remains mixed, Pattahh continues, as D. In such a way, the student will easily account for most of the changes made in the original vowels of the verb. Verbs final Tseri ̧retain it, when a long vowel is required in the ult. of the verb, as D. “ (3) Pret. 2 fem. exhibits the form before a suffix (as stated in § 311); and in this way appears in the same manner as the 1 pers. sing. when it takes the suffix of the third pers. sing. and plural. The student will remark that here, and in the second pers. plur., a union-vowel is provided for the verb, by adopting the forms '?P Verbs with third pers. suffix sing. always change the Qamets of the first radical into Sheva, on account of the increase of vowels-and the Pattabh of the second radical changes into Qamets-to spare a Daghesh after it, as there is no occasion for its use the suffix itself is marked with a Vav preceded by a Hholem, as in (Exod. xxi. 37), but when the suffix is ", then it is marked with a Shureq, as 1 (Ezech. vii. 20). The reason, that when the suffix is Vav, it is marked by a Hholem, as (Ps. cv. 21), and not with a Shureq like, is, to differ from (Gen. xl. 15), as third pers. Plur. of Praeter Kal. Th suffix of the second pers. sing. is preceded by a moveable Sheva before Kaph suffix. as (Deut. xxxii. 18), (Exod. 77 py ii. 14); as a pause-accent changes the Sheva into Seghol, as ??? (Prov. xxiii. 22), &c. The second per. Plur. DTP? has the second radical with Pattahh. This Pattahh is a half or medial-vowel; the correct punctuation ought to be PE, because as the first radical is changed in sing. into a Sheva, on account of the shifted accent, so it ought to be in Plur. as the accent is once more shifted. The second radical also, to undergo a change of Sheva, and again the first radical ought to take a Hhireq, as a half or medial-vowel, in order that two Shevas shall not stand together at the beginning of a word, and the punctuation would be consequently ; but as the third radical is also with a Sheva, and as two Shevas successively cannot follow a medial-vowel, therefore, the second radical adopted its former Pattahh, and is consequently a medial-vowel; the proof is, that the Kaph after it, is Raphe, without Dagheshlene, which it ought not to be, if it was a real short-vowel. Day (Ezech. xxxvi. 8), does not belong to, for then the punctuation ought to be, but belongs to V, and therefore the Pattahh of the second radical is a real short-vowel. The Pattahh preceding the suffix ought to be combined with Sheva as a fragment of the Aleph ', but as a Sheva cannot follow an accent, therefore the Sheva is dropped; on that account also the Daghesh after the Pattahh is wanting, which ought not to be, if it was a real Pattahh; the Pattabh at a pause-accent changes into Qamets, as by (Num. xvi 29); n (Exod. v. 22), like ', and ' (Gen. xxvii. 23.) IT to "§ 312. (4.) The Inf. most usually takes suffixes in the manner of Segholate nouns, in Dec. VI; i. e. the final vowel is thrown back upon the first radical, and shortened. If the verb be Ÿ Guttural, then the points are regulated by the usual principles, in § 114. § 128. See the |