commissary supplies. The place was soon attacked by about 4,000 Confederates, but Corse refused to surrender, and bravely repulsed every onslaught of the enemy till reinforcements arrived from Sherman. Sherman had signalled Corse, "Hold the fort, for I am coming," and this phrase was afterwards made the subject of an inspiring hymn by Ira D. Sankey. For this heroic defence Corse was brevetted a brigadier-general. He died in Winchester, Mass., April 27, 1893.

the rest of those that came with him: Allatoona, Ga., where were stored large neither slewe they the young lad which was with him of the prouince of Petatlan, but they tooke him and kept him in safe custodie vntill nowe. And when I sought to haue him, they excused themselues two or three dayes to giue him mee, telling mee that hee was dead, and sometimes that the Indians of Acucu had carried him away. But in conclusion, when I tolde them that I should be very angry if they did not give him mee, they gave him vnto me. Hee is an interpreter, for though hee cannot well speake their language, yet he vnderstandeth the same very well. In this place there is found some quantitie of golde and siluer, which those which are skilful in minerall matters esteeme to be very good. To this houre I could neuer learne of these people from whence they haue it: And I see they refuse to tell mee the trueth in all things, imagining, as I haue sayde, that in short time I would depart hence, but I hope in God they shall no longer excuse themselues. I beseech your lordship to certifie his Maiestie of the successe of this voyage. For seeing we haue no more then that which is aforesayd, and vntil such time as it please God that wee finde that which wee desire, I meane not to write my selfe. Our Lorde God keepe and preserue your Excellencie.

From the Prouince of Cibola, and from this citie of Granada the third of August 1540. Francis Vasques de Coronado kisseth the hands of your Excellencie.

Corrigan, MIchael AugustiNE, clergyman; born in Newark, N. J., Aug. 13, 1839; graduated at Mount St. Mary's College, Emmitsburg, Md., in 1859; Professor of Dogmatic Theology and Sacred Scripture in Seton Hall College, Orange, N. J., in 1864-68; president of the same in 1868-73; became bishop of Newark in 1873; coadjutor to Cardinal McCloskey in 1880; archbishop of New York in 1885. He died in New York City, May 5, 1902.

Corse, JOHN MURRAY, military officer; born in Pittsburg, Pa., April 27, 1835; graduated at the United States Military Academy in 1857: then studied law; and enlisted in the Union army at the beginning of the Civil War. In 1864 with about 1,000 troops he was ordered to II.-2 B

Cortelyou, GEORGE BRUCE, executive officer; born in New York, July 26, 1862; was graduated at the Hempstead (Long Island) Institute in 1879 and at the State Normal School, Westfield, Mass., in 1882; engaged in general law-reporting in New York in 1883-85; was principal of preparatory schools in that city in 1885-89; and entered public service in the latter year. After serving several officials as private secretary he was appointed stenographer to President Cleveland, Nov. 1, 1895; executive clerk to the President three months afterwards; assistant secretary to President McKinley July 1, 1898; and was secretary to Presidents McKinley and Roosevelt from May 1, 1900, till Feb. 16, 1903, when he was appointed Secretary of the newly created Department of Commerce and Labor. On June 23, 1904, he was elected chairman of the Republican National Committee, and as such assumed the management of the Republican Presidential campaign of that year.

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Cortereal, GASPER, Portuguese navigator; born in Lisbon; was in the service of the King of Portugal when, in 1509, he left the mouth of the Tagus with two ships to make discoveries in the Northwest. He first touched, it is believed, the northern shores of Newfoundland, discovered the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and sailed along the coast of the American continent to lat. 60°, and named the neighboring coast Labrador. The natives appearing to him rugged and strong and carital material for slaves, he seized fifty of them, and, carrying them to Portugal, made a profitable sale of his captives. Cortereal went on a second voyage in 1501, but was supposed to have been lost at sea. King declared that Cortereal was the first discoverer of the American continent.

The

Cortez, HERNANDO, military officer; quez had sent to displace him, had landed born in Medellin, Estremadura, Spain, in on the shores of Mexico with 900 men, 80 1485, of a good family; studied law two horses, and a dozen cannon, Cortez, leavyears at Salamanca, and in 1504 sailed ing 200 men in Mexico, hastened to confrom San Lucar for Santo Domingo in a front his rival with a few followers. In merchant vessel. The governor received a battle Narvaez was defeated. The vanhim kindly, and he was soon employed, quished troops joined the standard of under Diego Velasquez, in quelling a re- Cortez, who hastened back to Mexico. The volt. In 1511 DIEGO COLUMBUS (q. v.), people had revolted against the Spaniards. governor of Santo Domingo, sent The captive Montezuma tried to pacify Velasquez to conquer and colonize them, but, endeavoring to address them, Cuba. Cortez accompanied him. San- he was assailed by a mob and mortally tiago was founded, and Cortez was wounded. The Spaniards were driven out made alcalde, or mayor. He married of the city; their rear-guard was cut in a Spanish lady and employed the natives pieces, and they were terribly harassed in mining gold, treating them most in a flight for six days before the exaspercruelly. Velasquez placed him at the head ated Mexicans. On the plain of Otompan of an expedition to conquer and colonize a sharp battle was fought (July 7, 1520), Mexico, portions of which Cordova and and Cortez was victor. Marching to TlasGrijalva had just discovered. Before he cala, he collected reinforcements of nasailed Velasquez countermanded the order, tives, marched upon Mexico, and captured but the ambitious Cortez, disobedient, the city after a gallant defence of seventysailed for Mexico, in 1519, with ten ves- seven days, Aug. 13, 1521. His exploits sels, bearing 550 Spaniards, over 200 Ind- wiped out the stain of his disobedience, ians, a few negroes and horses, and some and he was made civil and military ruler brass cannon. He landed at Tabasco, of Mexico, and a marquis, with a handwhere he fought the natives and heard some revenue. The natives, however, were of Montezuma, emperor of a vast domain, terribly embittered by his cruelties and possessor of great treasures, and living his zeal in destroying their idols, for he in a city called Mexico. After founding resolved to force the pagans to become Vera Cruz, Cortez set out for Monte- Christians. Cortez went to Spain, where zuma's capital. Fighting his way, he made the conquered natives own their vassalage to Spain and become his followers, and in November, 1519, he entered the city of Mexico with a handful of Spaniards who had survived the battles, and 6,000 native followers. Montezuma received him kindly. Cortez took a strong position in the city and put on the airs of a conqueror instead of a guest. Some of the irritated Mexicans attacked the invaders, when Cortez, making that a pretext, seized the monarch in his palace, conveyed him to the headquarters of the troops, and threatened him with instant death if he did not quietly submit.

Placing the Emperor in irons, Cortez caused seventeen of the men who had made the attack to be burned to death in front of the palace. Then Montezuma was compelled to acknowledge himself and his subjects vassals of Charles V., and Cortez forced the fallen monarch to give him gold to the value of $10,000. Suddenly startled by the news that Narvaez, whom Velas

he was cordially received by the monarch. Returning to Mexico, he explored the country northward and discovered the Gulf and Peninsula of California. He died near Seville, Spain, Dec. 2, 1547.

The City of Mexico.-The following, being his second letter to the Emperor Charles V., contains the account of the conqueror of Montezuma's capital. It is to be observed that Cortez spells the Emperor's name Muteczuma and applies the name of Temixtitan to the capital while speaking of the province of Mexico:

In order, most potent Sire, to convey to your Majesty a just conception of the great extent of this noble city of Temixtitan, and of the many rare and wonderful objects it contains: of the government and dominions of Muteczuma, the sovereign; of the religious rites and customs that prevail, and the order that exists in this as well as other cities appertaining to his realm: it would require the

labor of many accomplished writers, and level surface comprises an area of about much time for the completion of the task. 70 leagues in circumference, including two I shall not be able to relate an hundredth lakes, that overspread nearly the whole part of what could be told respecting these valley, being navigated by boats more than matters; but I will endeavor to describe, 50 leagues round. One of these lakes conin the best manner in my power, what I tains fresh and the other, which is the have myself seen; and imperfectly as I larger of the two, salt water. On one may succeed in the attempt, I am fully side of the lakes, in the middle of the aware that the account will appear so valley, a range of highlands divides them wonderful as to be deemed scarcely worthy from one another, with the exception of a of credit; since even we who have seen narrow strait which lies between the highthese things with our own eyes, are yet lands and the lofty sierras. This strait so amazed as to be unable to comprehend is a bow-shot wide, and connects the two their reality. But your Majesty may be lakes; and by this means a trade is carassured that if there is any fault in my ried on between the cities and other setrelation, either in regard to the present tlements on the lakes in canoes without subject, or to any other matters of which the necessity of travelling by land. As I shall give your Majesty an account, it the salt lake rises and falls with its tides will arise from too great brevity rather like the sea, during the time of high water than extravagance or prolixity in the de- it pours into the other lake with the ratails; and it seems to me but just to my pidity of a powerful stream; and on the Prince and Sovereign to declare the truth other hand, when the tide has ebbed, the in the clearest manner, without saying water runs from the fresh into the salt anything that would detract from it, or lake. add to it.

Before I begin to describe this great city and the others already mentioned, it may be as well for the better understanding of the subject to say something of the configuration of Mexico, in which they are situated, it being the principal seat of Muteczuma's power. This province is in the form of a circle, surrounded on all sides by lofty and rugged mountains; its

This great city of Temixtitan is situated in this salt lake, and from the mainland to the denser parts of it, by whichever route one chooses to enter, the distance is 2 leagues. There are four avenues or entrances to the city, all of which are formed by artificial causeways, 2 spears' length in width. The city is as large as Seville or Cordova; its streets-I speak of the principal ones-are very wide

and straight; some of these, and all the where are daily assembled more than 60,inferior ones, are half land and half 000 souls, engaged in buying and selling; water, and are navigated by canoes. All and where are found all kinds of merthe streets at intervals have openings, chandise that the world affords, embrac through which the water flows, crossing ing the necessaries of life, as for instance from one street to another; and at these articles of food, as well as jewels of gold

openings, some of which are very wide, and silver, lead, brass, copper, tin, precious there are also very wide bridges, composed of large pieces of timber, of great strength and well put together; on many of these bridges ten horses can go abreast. Foreseeing that if the inhabitants of this city should prove treacherous, they would possess great advantages from the manner in which the city is constructed, since by removing the bridges at the entrances, and abandoning the place, they could leave us to perish by famine without our being able to reach the main-land-as soon as I had entered it, I made great haste to build four brigantines, which were soon finished, and were large enough to take ashore 300 men and the horses, whenever it should become necessary.

stones, bones, shells, snails, and feathers. There are also exposed for sale wrought and unwrought stone, bricks burned and unburned, timber hewn and unhewn, of different sorts. There is a street for game, where every variety of birds found in the country are sold, as fowls, partridges, quails, wild ducks, fly-catchers, widgeons, turtle-doves, pigeons, reed-birds, parrots, sparrows, eagles, hawks, owls, and kestrels; they sell likewise the skins of some birds of prey, with their feathers, head, beak, and claws. There are also sold rabbits, hares, deer, and little dogs, which are raised for eating. There is also an herb street, where may be obtained all sorts of roots and medicinal herbs that the counThe city has many public squares, in try affords. There are apothecaries' shops, which are situated the markets and other where prepared medicines, liquids, ointplaces for buying and selling. There is ments, and plasters are sold; barbers' one square twice as large as that of the shops, where they wash and shave the city of Salamanca, surrounded by porticos, head; and restaurateurs, that furnish