tor was again married to Miss Susan L., daughter of Doctor Erwin N. Gibbs, an eminent physician of Caldwell, Ohio. The doctor is a worthy member of the Masonic fraternity and the Grand Army of the Republic.

SAMUEL G. WISHARD, M. D., is the son of John R. and Eliza J. (Adair) Wishard, and was born in Winches ter, Guernsey County, Ohio, in 1843. In early life he followed teaching. He entered the army in June, 1861, in Company F, Twenty sixth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was mustered out as first sergeant in December, 1865. He was in the battles at Pittsburgh Landing, Perryville, Laverne, Stone River, Chickamauga, Mission Ridge, Buzzard's Roost, Resaca, Adairsville, New Hope Church, Burnt Hickory, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, Jonesboro, Lovejoy, Columbia, Spring Hill, Franklin and Nashville. After the close of the war his regiment was sent to Texas in the Fourth Army Corps. In 1865 he married Miss Susie Gray, of Washington County. Two children, Proctor and Nellie, were born of this union; the latter died in 1884 at the age of ten months. Mrs. Wishard is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Dr. Wishard graduated at the old Cleveland Medical College in 1874. He is a member of the Noble County Medical Society; is located at Dexter City where he has a large practice. He is a member of the order of Odd Fellows, and holds the office of surgeon in the Grand Army of the Republic post at Dexter City.

DR. P. M. MCVAY was born in Franklin Township, Monroe County,

Ohio, in 1842. At the age of thirteen his mother died, and from that time he was dependent upon his own resources; he acquired a good commonschool education, taught school, and at the age of twenty began the study of medicine in the office of W. G. Martin, of Harriettsville. He passed a creditable examination before the censors of Monroe County, and in 1865 established himself in the practice of his profession in Dexter City where he remained until 1879 at which time he was elected to the office of county treasurer, which position he filled creditably for two terms. In the autumn of 1885 he formed a co-partnership with W. II. Bush, and the firm established the Caldwell woolen mills. In 1864 the doctor was married to M ss Lovina Pryor; they have five children living.

DR. G. T. TINGLE was born in Cambridge, Ohio, in 1842. His father, Dr. J. P. Tingle, is one of the oldest practitioners of Guernsey County, having been in continuous practice since 1838. Both father and son were born in the same house and in the same room. This house has quite a remarkable history. During the War of 1812 it was a recruiting office, and the first court held in Guernsey County was held in it. The Tingle family were originally from Virginia. George R. Tingle, the progenitor of the family in the State, came to Cambridge in 1806 and built the third house in the village. During the War of 1812 he held a captain's commission. The doctor studied medieine with his father, and attended Starling Medical College, Columbus,

Ohio. In spring of 1864 he enlisted in the One Hundred and Seventy-second Regiment, Ohio Infantry, Company A, of which his father was acting surgeon. In October of 1864 he was discharged in order to enter the hos pital department. He began praetice in 1866 at Otsego, Muskingum County, Ohio, and in 1881 came to East Union, Noble County, Ohio. In 1867 the doctor was married to Miss Amanda Shrigley, of Adamsville, Muskingum County, Ohio; they have four children, George, Bertie, Walter and Lina. The doctor is a successful practitioner and has a large and lucrative practice, and is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and Grand Army of the Republic, and a staunch Republican.

DR. JAMES H. ABBOTT began the practice of medicine at Kennonsburgh in 1872, and has since resided there. He was born in Beverly, Ohio, in 1844, and in early life taught school and gave instruction in music. He began the study of medicine in 1866, and in 1872 graduated from the Miami

Medical College, Cincinnati. He married Iydia A. Law in 1874, and is the father of three children. Dr. Abbott served in the late war from May, 1864, until the close.

DR. W. R. BOGGS, of Keiths, is a native of Noble County, where his parents reared a family of eight children. He was born at Sharon, March 23, 1854. He followed teaching, and in 1883 graduated from the Kentucky School of Medicine at Louisville. He settled at Keiths, where he is now in successful practice.

Dr. Boggs is an Odd Fellow and a Democrat. He was married in 1876 to Sarah A. Barkley, of this county, and they have one child, Ola.

DR. JAMES T. BROWN, a native of Pittsburgh, Pa., settled in Fulda in 1874 and was the first physician in the place. He still resides in Fulda, having a good practice. Dr. Brown came to Middleburg, in this county in 1867, and practiced until 1871, when he returned to Pittsburgh and remained three years.

S an adjunct of modern civilization there is no more potent factor than the newspaper press. In nothing evincing the spirit of progress has there been greater advancement during the last half century than in American journalism. Fifty years ago the country had few newspapers that could be considered paying property; the metropolitan journals devoted about as much space to foreign as to domestic news, while country weeklies seemed to consider that which happened at home as of no importance whatever, and imitated the larger journals in style and contents. The telegraph and railroads, assisted by that enterprising spirit which is inseparably connected with successful journalistic management, have wrought most gratifying results. The weekly newspaper whose support and circulation are confined to a single county no longer ambitiously apes the city daily. It has

found its place as the chronicler of local news, the protector and defender of home interests; and recog nizes the fact that its mission and that of the great journals of the day are totally distinct, separated by well-defined lines. This change has caused the country papers to be more liberally patronized, and given them a degree of influence which they never could have attained under the old method.

The first county paper published by Whigs was the Noble County Investigator, begun at Olive in July, 1851, by Oliver P. Wharton and Richard II. Taneyhill. The Investigator, though both its proprietors were Whigs, claimed to be independent in politics, and devoted itself to the all-absorbing question of the removal of the county seat from Sarahsville, strongly antagonizing the Sarahsville interest, and advocating the election of the "people's" county

ticket, made up from both parties. An early copy of the paper-No.

12 of the first volume-has been examined by the writer, and as a brief summary of its contents may be interesting to modern readers, we present it here.

The Investigator was a well-printed six-column folio, bearing the motto, "Our principles embody the right." The copy to which reference has been made bears the date, "Olive, Ohio, Monday, October 6, 1851." The first column of the first page is headed by a cut of a pair of balances beneath which is the legend, "justice knows not friends." This column contains an editorial on the subject, "Is Noble County entitled to separ ate representation?" This question the writer answers affirmatively, then proceeds to demolish the arguments of the Ohio Statesman which has expressed a contrary opinion. The article is a scathing and wellworded argument. The remainder of the first page (which contains no advertisements) is made up of mis cellaneous selections, including a "poet's corner." A column and a half of the second page and two columns of the last page are occupied by laws of Ohio," passed at the last session of the general assembly. The second page also contains market reports and an editorial notice, announcing the death of Dr. David MeGarry, sen., who is spoken of in the highest terms. Election day (October 14) was then near at hand and local politics were evidently the allengrossing topic. The Investigator denounces the Democratic Courier

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and the Democratic county officers unsparingly in the editorials and communications which fill the remainder of the second page and nearly a column of the third. The advertising rates were low and the patronage fair. The terms were $1 per square of fourteen lines or less for three insertions and twenty-five cents for each subsequent insertion; a card of four to seven lines, including a copy of the paper, one year for $4; mercantile advertisements, not exceeding one-fourth of a column, $8 per year. Among the advertisements are several notices of sheriff's sales, signed by J. C. Schofield, sheriff; Henry Wolf, R. McKee and James McCune, call on the creditors to settle: D. McKee makes a similar request and adds the following quaint rhymes:

Here for help is my petition;

Judge ye, my friends, my condition;
I owe for goods I've bought and sold,
And now I've run quite out of gold."

"To those who owe I must now say,
I need your help without delay;
And if I get a part that's due,

I may not be compelled to sue."

Among other advertisers, nearly all of whom are now dead, are J. J. Parker, manufacturer of straw-cutters, Olive; George Windors, blacksmith. Olive; Levi Devolld, tanner, harnessmaker and shoemaker, Centre Township; Thomas Stockwell, stone-cutter, Olive; Benjamin Headley, boot and shoemaker; G. W. Anderson, forwarding and commission merchant, Bridgeport; Abner Morris, wagonmaker, Olive; A. Judd, jr., proprietor of Lowell mills; MeCarthy & Paxton, Sharon, announce