Elements of Surveying and Leveling

Applying logarithms axis azimuth back-sight base base-line bearing centre cut chord clamp-screw column compass contour lines Cosine Cosine D course curve datum line decimal degree of curvature degrees determined difference of level divided double meridian distance draw drawn east error example feet field-notes fore-sight given angle given line given point ground height of instrument hence horizontal angles horizontal distance horizontal plane inch intersection latitude and departure length line of collimation mantissa marked measured method multiplied notes offsets paper parallel passing perpendicular plane of reference plot position protractor radius reading right angles scale of equal screws secant side sights similar triangles Sine D spider's lines square chains station subtract suppose surface survey taken Tang tangent theodolite TRAVERSE TABLE vernier plate vertical plane wwwwwwwwww yards zoids