thrown was truly astonishing. The whole country was mored. The Chiefs prime movers in the imposture-supported these pretensions with all their authority, and no one dared to express a doubt as to the truth, or even the inspiration, of Umlanjene's statements. The next grand move was to rally the forces of the land for war. At this time, hundreds of the Kaffirs were in service with the colonists; and, to call these in, Umlanjene pronounced the most dreadful curses on any Kaffir, man, woman, or child, who should continue with the white people."

This was made known through all frontier-districts with marvellous dispatch. The Kaffir servants, hitherto comfortable and at rest, became terror-stricken, and fled as if they were flying from a plague. So great was the dread of the curses of Umlanjene, that these parties left, not regarding wages or property, but intent only on hastening to their homes in Kaffirland. Some who had continued with their masters in former wars, rendering good and efficient aid in protection of life and property, expressed deep but unavailing regret, and begged their masters and families to remove to a distance, warning them of coming danger.

Umlanjene now commanded that cattle should be slaughtered; the victims selected being yellow oxen and dun cows; and this was called slaughtering for Umlanjene. Thus feasting and dancing became universal through Kaffirland, and were practised also by Hermanus and his people in the Blinkwater. The object was to raise the war-spirit, and to strengthen the men for battle.

Sandille and Macomo, the principal Chiefs of the Gaika clans, who were the prime movers in this sad affair, made an extensive tour in visiting the Chiefs of all the tribes

• To illustrate Umlanjene's denunciations and their effect, an incident may be given, On the morning of the attack made by Hermanus and the Hottentots upon Fort-Beaufort, I fortunately rescued a Hottentot from death, and took him, though severely wounded, to the Mission-house. He stated that Hermanus had reported to him a declaration of Umlanjene, to the effect that any Hottentot or Kaffir refusing to aid, or proving false, would be confined, kept without any food, and compelled to eat his own flesh, and drink his own blood!

west of the Bashie, in order to press them and their warriors into the service of the rebellion. The appeal was made to their fears. They were threatened with the probable loss of power, and of their country also; and more vehemently urged to assemble at the place of Umlanjene.

To this proposal all consented, and Chiefs of all the tribes appeared in person, or by their representatives, at the place of the impostor. They laid their case before him, and requested his word. They stated that the white man had taken their country, and were treating them like Fingoes; that the land was also burnt up by the sun; and that soon, if left in the present state, they must perish. Umlanjene replied, that he had already held converse on the subject with "the great Spirit;" that they must lodge with him that night, and in the morning he would give "the great word." When the morning came, and the Chiefs assembled to hear "the great word," he stated with great solemnity that war was in the land, adding instructions as to the manner in which the war was to be conducted, with the several positions they were to occupy.

The state of the colony was perilous at this time. There was the certain prospect of the failure and defection of the Kaffir Police, four hundred strong, efficiently armed; and there were many doubts and fears as to the Hottentot mounted corps, &c. The inhabitants became greatly alarmed, and strong representations were made by them. The Governor, Sir Harry Smith, paid two visits to the frontier, and, with the object of averting the dire evil of war, he exposed himself to imminent hazard by venturing into the very heart of the Gaika territory. Knowing, as he well did, the horrors of a Kaffir war, he did all he could to prevent it. He had seen the state of the country in 1835; and he impressively referred to "the indelible impressions already made upon" him "by the horrors of an irruption of savages upon a scattered population, almost exclusively engaged in the peaceful occupations of husbandry." What he had "witnessed in a service of thirty years-ten of these in the most eventful period of war"-he regarded as little in comparison of what he now witnessed; and he described

the state of the inhabitants of this frontier as not only most anxious, but even "heart-rending." But all efforts made by the Governor to prevent war, proved quite fruitless. The Kaffirs were aware of their strength, and of the weakness of the colony; and they embraced the first favourable opportunity of assault. The last interview took place on December 19th; and on the 24th of the same month the first shot was fired in British Kaffraria, and by the Kaffirs.

The results were most disastrous, in the commencement, to the army, and to the colony. A force exceeding five hundred was attacked in the Kuskama bush, and suffered the loss of many men and much ammunition. A small party of the 45th Regiment were all killed, and their bodies mutilated. The military settlements of Woburn, Johannesburg, and Auckland, were all taken by stratagem, and the male inhabitants put to death. Next came the attack on this town of Fort-Beaufort; but here, through the determined courage of the few English, and the large Fingoe force, the enemy received his first check. In this defeat we all acknowledged the hand of God, and the whole frontier considered it a most important achievement, strongly calculated to curb Kaffir violence. The daring of the aggressors in the first movement arose from a knowledge of the extensive combination that had been formed, including numerous and most formidable tribes, all influenced by the powerful Umlanjene; whose predictions and denunciations wrought upon their superstitious hopes and fears with amazing effect. Blinded with infatuation, they rushed down upon our troops, and subsequently into the colony at almost every part of the frontier extending from Graham's-Town to the Orange river, a distance of two hundred and fifty miles. The hostile force was from twenty to thirty thousand men.

To a gracious Providence alone must the deliverance of the colony be attributed; for, from the extensive combination on the part of the natives, and the great want of unity among the colonists,-from the great strength of the armed force of the enemy, and the weakness of the colonial defences,-all things encouraged them to believe that they

would accomplish the prediction of Umlanjene, and drive the white man into the sea.-The Rev. John Ayliff.

HINTS FOR COLOURED GLASS WINDOWS. THAT this art (of staining glass) is making great strides, there can be no question. Many of the old secrets hitherto as much hidden as the philosopher's stone, or the aurum potabile, seem soon likely to be discovered. Our deep red now approaches near to that which throws a ruby light upon the Lady Chapel at Wells, and the pure semi-opaque white may soon not be beyond our reach. Modern glass-painting is as much a new art as oil-painting was in the time of Van Eyck; and the great number of new churches has caused a demand for it which the revival of mediæval feeling has tended to increase. Every one familiar with our old "petrified religion," the cathedrals of England, remembers with delight those windows, mystic even in their number,

"Innumerable of stains and splendid dyes,

As are the tiger-moth's deep damask'd wings,
Where, in the midst, 'mong thousand heraldries,

A shielded scutcheon glows with blood of Queens and Kings;" windows that seem the spangled blossoms of that great stony net-work, that twisted round roof and pillar, that shoots thick leafage round the capitals, and branched arching over vault and doorway. If ever there shone “ a light that never was on sea or shore," it is that rainbowradiance that sheds "rose-bloom and liquid amethyst" on tomb and gravestone, like glory emanating from the wings of unseen angels.

Glass-painters should go for their designs, not to books of rules and parallelopipeds, but where the Monks went,-to nature; and to nature with the same faith and ardour that the Monks went, guided by better taste and greater skill. The Monks took the oak-bough and the vine-branch, turned them to stone, and wound them round their columns. They plucked the honeysuckle, the wild rose, the violet, and the

trefoil, and carved their semblances to decorate their stringcourses and their pateræ. They gathered flowers from the English hedges as the Greek took the acanthus from his mountain-foot, or as the Egyptian took his water-plants or his palm-twigs. Our botany shows what attentive lovers these hooded men were of nature, and how they sanctified each blossom with a pious name; blending so many with associations of the Virgin, and making the snowdrop and the lily her emblems,-Virgin's Bower, Our Lady's Mantle, Cross-Flower, St. John's Wort, Herb St. Christopher, and many others.

The use of legends as decorations thoughtful and more suggestive than mere angular crystallisations is also too much overlooked in the present day. The most beautiful ornaments of the Alhambra are those gilded sentences from the Koran that fill every intersection. The Egyptian walls were but ever-expanded leaves of a religious book, and in which every letter has a written beauty of colour appealing to the eye that speaks every language as to the mind that may know but one. The Monks, too, encircled their tabletombs with Lombardic-" Jesu merci, prie pour l'alme," flourished their shields with protests of knightly honour and daring, or introduced scrolls winding like immense horns from the mouths of Saints and Kings. Old English still gives us the opportunity of devotional sentences, and curt proverbs suitable to particular places. There still exist a thousand flowers, capable of myriads of combinations, which have never yet been employed by the artist. The beautiful curves and ellipses of the leaves of trees alone are sufficient to enrich a new order of architecture. The world was dead to the Monkish thinker as it is to us. He had Roman traditions weighing down his imagination, and Byzantine uglinesses goggling from every altar. He trampled over these, and strode out to the forest and the field. Here all was new, and yet eternal; perpetually changing, and yet grounded in stability. Grimly and faithfully he went to work, and at once the most poetical and suggestive of all styles of architecture rose to light: one not grounded on the finality and repose of abstract beauty, like the Greek;