used by the university for its educational work and the other as a boarding bali for young ladies. In 1854 Mr. Jacob Saum presented to the university a fund for erecting a dormitory and boarding hall for young men. This was called Saum Hall, and in later years was given over to the use of the young women, the male students thereafter finding rooms at private houses in the village. In 1855 a new building was commenced to afford a larger chapel and more recitation rooms. Owing to lack of funds only a portion of the building was finished off for use. It was this building that was destroyed by fire in 1870.

COURSES OF STUDY.

The courses of study established at the opening of the institution, and in existence for a number of years, were adapted to the needs of the students in attendance, with apparently no well-defined design of making them conform to the model of older and well established colleges.

The large majority of students were enrolled in the preparatory department, and but a small part of those who were thus enrolled remained to complete or even enter upon the regular collegiate course. From Bishop Glossbrenner's statements, already cited, concerning the state of education among the adherents of the church, it is not surprising that the courses of study adopted in the early days of the institution were neither as high in grade nor as comprehensive in the range of subjects embraced as were found in most of the colleges of the time. The aim was to furnish a literary, classical, and religious training, and to that end the curriculum was planned. No attention was paid to the sciences beyond that elementary instruction in astronomy, geology, and natural philosophy, which had by 1850 forced its recognition in the most conservative of classical colleges in the East:

But the leavening influence of the university began soon to make itself felt in the church at large, and this very influence in turn made it necessary and desirable to modify and elevate the courses of study as fast as the resources of the institution would permit. Especially since 1880 the advancing educational ideas and demands have produced a decided advancement in the curriculum at Otterbein. No attempt has been made to establish a course in science, to do which would require abundant and costly apparatus and a large teaching force, but the courses have been strengthened and amplified in the languages, philosophy, history, and literature. Little recognition has been given to the "elective" idea, the adoption of which would require additions to the teaching force beyond the means of the institution. In the sophomore and junior years an option between two subjects has been allowed. Two courses leading to two different degrees are now offered-the classical course leading to the degree of bachelor of arts, and the philosophical course leading to the degree of bachelor of philosophy. The

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scope of the university is indicated by the following outline of the courses copied from the official announcement:

Science: Zoology, natural theology, one term each. Science: Same as classical course.
German: Elementary.

Logic, Rhetoric, and English literature, one term
each.

The following have filled the presidential chair since the foundation

COEDUCATION.

Ex-President Thompson says upon the subject of coeducation at Utterbein:

The men who founded this university had no previous experience in the management of institutions of learning. In admitting ladies into the college on the same terms with gentlemen, in permitting them to recite in the same classes, take the same courses of study and receive the same degrees, they builded better than they know. Having boys and girls in their own families they felt as much interest in the success of one as the other. Not being able to build and man separate institutions, they wisely concluded to put both sexes into the same school. After years of successful experience in the coeducation of the sexes, we believe that better results are secured in mental and moral culture, better discipline obtained, and a more harmonious development of character produced than in the old way. We are willing to be judged by our fruits. Observation will show that our lady graduates are just as ladylike and scholarly as those graduating at female institutions of like pretensions, while our gentlemen are just as refined and have proved themselves to be as efficient workers in the battle of life as those that have been trained in male colleges. What was adopted of necessity then is a matter of choice with us now. On this point the faculty and trustees are a unit.

In 1859 colored men applied for admission to the college, and after some discussion in the board of trustees they were admitted. Not many colored men, however, have been entered upon the rolls of the classes and it can not be said that their attendance has been sought or encouraged by the authorities.

RELIGIOUS INFLUENCES.

In a recent catalogue of the university the statement is made that the institution" was founded by men of faith and prayer, and is supported by the offerings of the pious. It is the desire of the managers that a positive influence in favor of a genuine Christianity be exerted in every department of its work." This statement expresses what has from the first been the dominating influence of the university. Secular and religious education have gone hand in hand. All students are required to attend daily devotional exercises and divine service, which is held every Sunday morning in the chapel of the university. A portion of the educational work is also spent upon Bible history and the study in the Greek of the New Testament.

President Garst, in a sketch of the university made some years since,

says:

A history of Otterbein University would be very incomplete indeed that should
take no notice of its moral and religious life.
It was reared in faith and

consecrated by prayer. There is abundant occasion for devout thanksgiving that it
has fulfilled so well the design of its founders.
* A number of times in its

history scarcely a solitary student was left in the ranks of unbelievers.

STATISTICAL.

Otterbein has graduated more than three hundred students, many of whom have entered the ministry. Its collegiate department of late

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has contained from sixty to eighty students each year, or about onefourth to one-third of all who are enrolled upon its catalogues. The others have been enrolled in the art and preparatory departments.

Its present faculty embraces a president and seven collegiate professors. There are also several instructors and assistants.

In 1884 legislation was secured that gave the alumni association of the university three representatives upon the board of trustees, thus binding the alumni more firmly to the institution.

[AUTHORITIES.-Historical Sketch of Otterbein University, by ExPresident H. A. Thompson, D. D. Historical Sketch, by President H. Garst. Manuscript Notes, by President Garst. Catalogues of the university. Į

XII.-THE UNIVERSITY OF WOOSTER.

(WOOSTER, WAYNE COUNTY.)

[Sketch by President ScoVEL.]

I.

Its religious design has always been frankly expressed. The preface to its annual catalogue has for years read thus:

Christo et Literis.-The University of Wooster, owned and controlled by the Synod of Ohio of the Presbyterian church, United States of America; its aim, to secure the highest form and grade of literary, scientific, and Christian education, through trained, experienced, and thorough teachers, under constant and positive religious principles and influences, without restriction of individual opinion.

And this but reflects the view of its founders as expressed by the resolutions passed by the board of trustees at the first meeting after incorporation.

Whereas we are deeply convinced that education is a real blessing only when imbued with the spirit of Christianity and that any enterprise may hope for success only as it enjoys the Divine blessing and is devoted to the promotion of the Divine glory: Therefore

Resolved, That we enter upon the work of establishing the University of Wooster with the single purpose of glorifying God in promoting sanctified education and thus furthering the interests of the church and its extension over the whole earth. Resolved, That we will in every way possible strive to imbue all our operations with the spirit of Christianity and bring religious influence and instruction to bear upon all who may be connected with the institution.

Resolved, That, in addition to a thorough literary and scientific course of study, we will aim to endow a chair for instruction in the evidences of Christianity and the relation of science to religion; and also a chair for instruction in the languages, religions, and literature of the modern Pagan nations, with special reference to the preparation of young men for the foreign missionary field.

The effort has been made in good faith to carry out the pledge of these resolutions. The professorship named was very soon endowed, and the curriculum contains the Bible or Christian evidences for every collegiate class. The character of the instructors, of the students, of the patrons enlisted, and of the inner life of the institution has, in good measure, corresponded to the intention so seriously and devoutly expressed.

II.

The university is as frankly denominational in its ownership and control. The roots of this development are found in the convictions of the Scotch-Irish Presbyterians who had entered Ohio from the East and