many cases examined by him during the seven years Tetley, and in the same year succeeded his father in th which have since elapsed. "Restoration" in East Anglia. No. 1. (Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings, 9, Buckingham Street, Strand.) IT is a capital idea of the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings (whose annual meeting will take place at Willis's Rooms on the 28th inst., at 2.30 P.M.) to collect and print accounts of the present condition of ancient buildings which have been or are in danger of being injured by "restoration." The little pamphlet named above does this for the buildings in and round Norwich, and for a few other of the more important churches of East Anglia. The tone of the work is excellent, and the result is a record of permanent historical interest, which we advise all who care for the subject to procure without delay. There are a few slips, as on p. 7, where the south aisle of Wymondham Church is said to be decorated," whereas it was really built in the sixteenth century, after the suppression of the Abbey. Few English cathedrals have of late been so badly used as that of Norwich, and we find here some very proper remarks on the sad ignorance which has been displayed in its treatment. THE OXFORD MEETING OF THE LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. -A companion volume to the Report of the Conference of Librarians, noticed in our columns in June last, will shortly be published, in the shape of a full Report of the first annual meeting of the Library Association. The book is edited by the secretaries, Mr. H. R. Tedder and Mr. E. C. Thomas, and will have an exhaustive index. It contains the five-and-twenty papers and reports from committees presented to the meeting, together with the various discussions thereon, and much interesting appendix matter which is entirely new. Many of the questions discussed are naturally of a technical and special nature, but the readers of "N. & Q." will be interested in the subjects of "The Libraries of Oxford, and the Uses of College Libraries"; "Foundation and Progress of the Radcliffe Library"; "Our Cathedral Libraries, their History, Contents, and Uses"; "Old Parochial Libraries of England and Wales "; and "Notes on Printers and Printing in the Provincial Towns of England and Wales." THE second International Literary Congress has held its sittings in London, in the rooms of the Society of Arts, under the presidency of M. Edmond About, Count de Lesseps, M. Torres Caicedo, Minister for San Salvador to the French Republic, Mr. Blanchard Jerrold, and others. The debates, which turned almost entirely on some of the principal questions connected with transla tion and adaptation, were often very animated. The representation of Great Britain in the discussions was remarkably slender, owing probably to the circumstance that the French language was almost universally used by members, whatever their nationality. There was but little display of brilliant oratory, such as Victor Hugo and Jules Simon made last year at the Paris meeting, though M. About, M. Frédéric Thomas, and M. Torres Caicedo spoke in the London Congress with no less pungency than eloquence. REV. CANON BEADON.-AS "Sylvanus Urban" has ceased to record such facts, it may be well for "N. & Q" te chronicle the death of one undoubted centenarian, the Rev. Frederick Beadon, Rector of North Stoneham, Hants, and Canon of Wells, who passed away on Tuesday, June 10, aged 101 years and six months. A son of the late Right Rev. Richard Beadon, Bishop of Bath and Wells, he was born in London in December, 1777, and took his degree at Trinity College, Oxford, in the last year of the last century. In 1811 he was appointed Vicar of Rectory of North Stoneham, which he had held for sixt time he must have been twenty three years of agei eight years. He was ordained in 1801, and as at the order to meet the Canonical requirements, the proof d his having attained at least his hundredth year appears to be placed beyond a doubt. MR. H. NOEL HUMPHREYS.-The death of so hardworking and zealous an antiquary as Mr. H. Noel Humphreys ought not to be passed over sub silentio in "N. & Q.* He passed away at an age not far short d seventy last week, at his house in Westbourne Squar Hyde Park. He was a native of Birmingham, and wa born in 1810, and was educated at King Edward's School in that town. He first became widely known by two large and exhaustive works on questions in natural history, namely on the tansformations of British moths and of British butterflies. Latterly, however, his studies took a more purely archæological direction, as shown by the following list of books published by him when his judgment and taste were mature: Illustrations to Chronicles of Froissart; The Cons and Corsag England; The Coin Collector's Manual; The Com of the British Empire; Ancient Coins and Medal; Illustrations of the Parables of our Lord; Stories by Archaeologist, &c. But his chief works, and those by which his name will be best remembered hereafter, are The Art of Illumination, and his elaborate and learned History of the Art of Writing from the Hieroglyphic Period down to that of the Introduction of Alphabet. MESSRS. W. SATCHELL, PEYTON & Co. have been ap pointed by the Council of the Folk-Lore Society pubfishers of The Folk-Lore of the Northern Costa, by William Henderson. Notices to Correspondents. We must call special attention to the following notice: On all communications should be written the name and address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith. H. T. E.-"Thrum" is given by Webster as, " 1. One of the ends of weavers' threads; a tuft. Tapestries all golden fringed and curled with thrums behind.-Chap like internal bushy parts of a flower; a stamen. 4. A man. 2. Any coarse yarn. 3. (Bot.) One of the threadshove out of place; a small displacement of fault along a seam, met with in mining." be sent, in order not only to ensure correctness in the BIBLIOTHEC. COLL. OWENS.-Certainly. A proof will titles, but also to enable you to add where the Bibles now LONDON, SATURDAY, JUNE 28, 1879. CONTENTS. - N° 287. NOTES:-President Henry Lawrence and his Writings, 501The Word Eighteen" in Chaucer, 503-Sidemen-Richard Cumberland: "Calvary": "The Clouds," 504-Old Bibles Curious Phrases in 1580, 505-Cockney Pronunciation"Noising"-Rooks going away a Sign of Bad Luck-Wallflowers-Benediction of Flags, 506. (sig. P) between the History of Angels and On Ordinances, both of which bear Lawrence's name on the title-pages. Cf. also Bishop Wilkins's Ecclesiastes, 1653, fourth ed., p. 81, where Lawrence is named in a list of three writers for the Anabaptists against nineteen on the other side. And Prof. Masson, in a note in the Life of Milton, iv. 545-6, attributed the treatise to Lawrence without QUERIES:-Are Peter-pence still Payable by Law in Eng-question, perhaps in part from the evidence derived land? 506-" President": "Precedent "-"Specimen of a New Jest Book," &c.- Hair growing from Casts-W. Sotheby from Thomasson's note in the British Museum copy. the Translator of Homer-" The space of half amyle wey,' 507- Kybosh "—" Hydraulical Music "-A Mezzotint No memoir of President Lawrence has found its Suffolk MSS.-The New German Coinage-Trysting Trees-way into the biographical dictionaries. This is "Samson Agonistes," &c.-"Agla "-Heraldic Colours-The Story of a Man who Sold his Soul-Gregory XVI. and the Polish Rising of 1832-Henry Cloville, 508-Heraldry--Lost, a Tragedy of Otway-A Dissenting Minister a CentenarianDe Laune-Authors Wanted, 509. Welsh Bible, 514-Heralds' Visitations-Tokens for the somewhat anomalous, considering the active and useful legislation in which he and his coadjutors were engaged; for under their rule of eight months their measures exceeded those of the Barebones Parliament (five months' duration) and those of the Rump (five years' duration), perhaps even those, adds Mr. Masson, of the Long Parliament itself at its fullest swing (iv. 565). Anthony Wood's notice (iv. 63-65) is for the main based on that of REPLIES:-Fielding the Novelist, 509-Jack Ketch or Catch Bigelow's "Placita Anglo-Normannica "-Addis's "Elizabethan Echoes"-Gatty's "Key to In Memoriam.'" Notices to Correspondents, &c. Notes. PRESIDENT HENRY LAWRENCE AND HIS WRITINGS. One of my neighbours, the Rev. Mr. Stuart, recently brought to me a copy of a foreign-printed anonymous treatise entitled Of Baptisme, 1646, 8vo., imperfect in the preliminary leaves. After some research it was identified with a work of the same character attributed to Henry Lawrence (1600-1664), the President of Cromwell's Council from 1654 onwards. This authorship is based upon the copy of the 1649 edition of the book in Emanuel College, Cambridge, in which some hand after the year 1654 (qy. Sancroft's) added these words with a pen: "by Henry Lawrence, esq., afterwards lord president of the council to Oliver ye protector" (Athen. Oxon., iv. 64). It finds further confirmation in other quarters. In one of the first notices of Lawrence, viz., in the Narrative of the Late Parliament, published anonymously in 1658 (reprinted in Phoenix Britannicus, 1731, 4to., pp. 125 seq.), consisting of satiric sketches of the public men, Lawrence is said to have been made president to win over, or at least keep quiet, the Baptized People, himself being under that ordinance. Amongst the "Divinity Books" in William London's Catalogue of the Most Vendible Books, 1658, 4to., this work, On Baptism, is named foot-note drew up a longer memoir, founded upon materials furnished to him by Sir James Lawrence, Knight of Malta (then residing in George Street, Portman Square), author of The Nobility of the British Gentry, 1824, and the doctor acknowledged in his preface that he could not have obtained the information from any other quarter. Sir James contributed an interesting article on Lawrence and his connexions to the Gentleman's Magazine for 1815 (vol. lxxxv., pt. ii., pp. 12 seq.), which contains the chief circumstances of his life; and there have been occasional notes on the family in former volumes of "N. & Q." Amongst recent writers who have dealt with Lawrence is Mr. E. C. Waters, in his wonderful book on the Chester family (p. 239, and Additions, p. v). Henry Lawrence, of St. Ives, co. Hunts, born 1600, was the son of Sir John Lawrence of that place, who was knighted in 1603 by James I., and who died in 1604. His mother, who was a very remarkable woman, was one of the Wallers of Beaconsfield. He spent, says Wood, some time in learning in Oxford, and in 1622 entered Emanuel College in Cambridge. He was B.A. 1623, M.A. 1627. In 1631 Cromwell rented from him a farm and sheep-walk near St. Ives. The associates of his college life, as of his manhood, were amongst the members of the popular party. He married Amy, daughter of Sir Edward Peyton of Iselham, co. Camb. (Collect. Top. et Geneal., iii. 311), by whom he had a son Henry (born 1633, died 1679), who about 1656, as Prof. Masson believes, was thus addressed in Milton's twentieth sonnet :"Lawrence, of virtuous father virtuous son, Now that the fields are dank, and ways are mire, the prolegomena to the Ministration of, and Cmunion with Angels, one of his last works, zi first issued, it seems, about 1660. On one point of his argument in a subsequ edition Ambrose cited Baxter, and wrote to b for a fuller expression of his views, which Bare, Nov. 29, 1661, gave in a letter appended to A.brose's work (ed. 1682, fo., p. 166) My editin of Baxter's Saints' Rest is the twelfth, 1688, 43, and in the portion referred to by Ambrose Batter has this (p. 238): Objections, and to teach you the true and spiritual sof To satisfy you fully in this, and to silencer 1827 this Doctrine, I refer you to Mr. Laurence's Book talel Our Communion and War with Angels. And exper Zanchius, Tome 3, his Book De Angelis. And now newly published. Mr. Ambrose's Book; in which insu Epistle) I have confirmed and vindicated what I have The elder Lawrence before the outbreak of the war went into Holland to avoid, as it is said he pretended, the severity of the bishops and their courts. The same authority states that he re- "In this doctrine [of Communion]," says Ambre, turned in 1641. He was, however, again in Hol-"I have the consent of many others; and to this purpu land shortly afterwards, for he told his mother in the Treatise itself I have cited Dyke, Dingley, La that the war found him abroad, did not send him rence, in whose book of Communion and War m thither. In Dec., 1645, he was at Arnheim in part ii. chap. 7) is taught the true and spiritual f Angels (saith Mr. Baxter in his Saints' Everlasting be. Guelderland, and at Altona Jan. 21, 1646 (Harl. this Doctrine." MS. 374). On his final return to England he entered into political life. When the writs were sent out, towards the end of the year 1645, for the election of the members who were called Recruiters, Lawrence was returned as one of the members for the county of Westmoreland. At this period Masson (iii. 402) characterizes him as a gentleman of property, having some taste for learning and speculation. In the Articles of Peace, July, 1646, printed in Thurloe's State Papers, i. 77-84, from the public records of Scotland, Mr. Henry Lawrence" is nominated one of "the Commissioners of England for conservation of the peace between the two kingdoms" (p. 79). Meanwhile it would seem that he had left to be printed in Holland certain theological dissertations. To the year 1646 belongs his treatise Of Baptisme, Svo., already referred to, which was reprinted in London, 1649, in 4to., entitled 4 Pious and Learned Treatise of Baptism. From the Dutch press he also put forth a work on the influence of good and evil angels, the title of which, taken from a copy in the collection of the Rev. J. Dredge, of Buckland Brewer, is as follows:"Of Our Communion and Warre with Angels. Being Certain Meditations on that subject, bottom'd particularly (though not concluded within the compasse of that Scripture) on Ephes. 6. 12. with the following verses to the 19. Printed Anno Dom. 1646." 4to., pp. x, 189, x. This work had a pleasing and affectionate dedication to the author's "most deare and most honour'd Mother, The Lady Lawrence," who was at that time remarried to Robert Bathurst, Esq., Sheriff of Gloucestershire, to whom she bore a son Edward, created a baronet in 1643. Lawrence enumerates his objects in writing :— "Last of all, to give one instance that I have not beene idle in these busy times, nor without the thoughts and designes of warre, in an age when warre is become almost the profession of all men. Why I inscribe these papers to you, My dearest Mother, will neede no larger account then this; Nature and your owne goodnesse, have form'd you ablest to pardon me in any thing wherein I shall need it. And of all I have knowne of either Sexe, I have mett with few more diligently inquisitive or pertinently reasoning of things of a raised and abstracted nature. (especially which might have influence into the good of another life,) then your self. To which I adde, That I professe to have infinite ingagements to avow my self before all the world, most honoured mother, your Most obedient Son, & most humble servant, HENRY LAWRENCE." This treatise is noticed by Isaac Ambrose, the well-known Lancashire minister, in section 6 of here said." There is a note by T. Warton in Brydges's edition of Milton's works, vol. vi. p. 140, in which be Warton) states that of the president's son "nothing has transpired"; on which Todd remarked that Warton was mistaken (as is Todd: "This Henry Lawrence, the virtuous son, is the author of a work of which I am in possesion, suited to Milton's taste; on the subject of which, I make no doubt, he and the author by the fire helped to waste many a sullen day.' It is entitled Of our Co and Warre with Angels, &c., Printed Anno Dom. 1645, 4to., 189 pages. The dedication is To my Most deare and Most honoured Mother, the Lady Lawrence.' I suppose him also to be the same Henry Lawrence who Ordinances, 1619, Lond., 4to." printed A Vindication of the Scriptures and Christ es A copy of the latter work, which is of course by Vindicating of the use of the Holy Scriptures, and Lawrence, it is said, disapproved of the p ceedings against Charles I. In June, 1653, Lavrence, with Blake, Monk, Rous, and others, was summoned by Cromwell to deliberate for the con stituencies; and on July 14 he was formally appointed one of the Council of State. About this time he is called Colonel Henry Lawrence. From Thurloe, i. 481 (cf. Masson, iv. 512), we learn that he was interested in appointing Whitelocke Ambassador Extraordinary to Sweden. Cf. also Thurloe, ii. 154, and ii. 250. After the dissolution of the Parliament, Lawrence was placed on the Protector Cromwell's new Council of State, consisting of fifteen persons, his salary being 1,000l. a year. At the second meeting he was made chairman for a month; but by a subsequent order of Cromwell he became permanent chairman, with the title of "Lord President of the Council" (Masson, iv. 545; and cf. Thurloe, i. 642). In the Second Defence of the people of England, 1653-4, Milton eulogized Lawrence as being, with Montagu, a man of the highest ability and best accomplishments. In 1654 Lawrence's name is found in connexion with the Princess Elizabeth of Bohemia and the Lord Craven. This nobleman had fought under Gustavus Adolphus, and had upheld Charles I. in his contest with the Parliament, for which, in 1650-1, his English estates were confiscated. He had also befriended Prince Henry of Orange "from a spirit of romantic attachment to his beautiful consort; and his services are generally supposed to have been privately rewarded with the hand of that princess after her return in widowhood to her native country" (Whitaker's Craven, p. 509). It was to certain measures which Lord Craven took to recover his English property that the following communication (Thurloe, ii. 139) refers : The queen of Bohemia to Mr. Laurence, president of the council of state. "Heidelberg, 4/14 March, 1654 [N.S.]. "Mr. Laurence,-Since you have approved of my liberty to recommend the business of my lord Craven, and promised to serve him therein for my consideration; I hope you will give this bearer sir Edward Sayer leave to make his address to you, and tell him freely what he may expect in favour of his friend; being confident you had never accepted the imployment you are now in, but that it may give you means to help those that suffer wrongfully; of which number the lord Craven is so well known to be, that the righting of him will conduce as much to your own satisfaction, as to the obliging of, "Mr. Laurence, "Your most affectionate friend narvonshire. He was probably elected for the Welsh county in October, 1656, upon the resignation of Chief Justice Glynn, who was returned also for Flintshire. Willis calls him M.P. for both Colchester and Carnarvon; but Sir John Prestwich (Respublica, p. 10 and p. 15) gives Colchester to Lawrence and Carnarvon county to John Glynn. The explanation seems to be that Lawrence was originally elected for Colchester, but the following month sat for Carnarvon, which he continued to represent until his elevation to the "other house" in 1657. In 1658, Sept. 4, writing to some person whose name is not decipherable, he announces the death of Oliver, and that he had declared Richard his successor, whose proclamation he ordered (MS. in possession of Sir Charles Isham, Bart., of Lamport Hall). Of the subsequent years of his life I can recover but few particulars. He died Aug. 8, 1664, and was buried at St. Margaret's, alias Thele, in Herts. He left seven sons and six daughters. The arms of the Lawrences were a cross raguly gules, and their motto "Nil admirari." These two words under the achievement of Sir Edward Lawrence, in St. Ives Church, were commonly translated by the simple peasants, "Admiral of the Nile"! Further notes about Lawrence would be acceptable. JOHN E. BAILEY. Stretford, near Manchester. THE WORD "EIGHTEEN" IN CHAUCER.-A good deal turns upon Chaucer's spelling of the word eighteen, because the dates of the days on which the tales are supposed to be told depend upon the reading in the fifth line of the dialogue prefixed to the Man of Law's Prologue. All this I have explained at much length in my notes upon this line and upon 1. 3, in the Clarendon Press edition of the Prioress's Tale, &c. I have there shown that the abbreviation "xviij. the" is to be written at length eightetethe, and the word has four syllables. Similarly, if Chaucer has the word for eighteen, it must be eightetene, in four syllables. I have just found the right line; and here it is, as printed in Tyrwhitt's edition : "Of eighteen yere she was, I gesse, of age." Cant. Tales, 1. 3223. Of course, the reader will exclaim that the word is manifestly a mere dissyllable, or the line cannot be scanned. But if the matter be considered carefully, it will be found that it proves exactly the converse. Turn to any old edition, and what do Indorsed,-This letter came inclosed in a letter from we find? the lord Craven to Mr. Laurence. "Of eightene yere she was of age." Ed. 1532. In the Protector's first Parliament, which met Sept. 3, 1654, Lawrence was returned for Herts So also in ed. 1561. Both these editions have the (as also in 1653), and in that which met two years line in this form, in spite of the fact that it will later he was elected for Colchester. It is usually not scan. This is very significant. Let us now stated that in this Parliament he sat also for Car-turn to the splendid six-text edition, and con sult the best MSS. Five of these have the line lection, Lond., 1684, p. 310). This is translated thus: and the difference will be observed, as, "The "Of xviij. yeer she was of age." choice of which persons, viz., churchwardens a The sixth, the Cambridge MS., has the same quest-men, side-men or assistants, shall be yearly reading, but expands "xviij." as eightene, incor-made in Easter week" (Lon., King's Stationer, rectly. The Harleian MS., as printed by Wright, has eyghteteene, which is perfectly correct; but whether the word is written at length in the MS., or whether Mr. Wright expanded it from "xviij.," I do not know. It does not much matter, as the form eighte is amply justified by the A.-S. eahta, and the forms eightetene, eightetethe, by the A.-S. eahtatine, eahtateóða. We may safely conclude that the words I gesse, inserted by Tyrwhitt, resting on no respectable authority, are to be discarded; also that eighteen must, consequently, be expanded into four syllables instead of two; and, lastly, that the reading eightetethe in the other passage is amply supported. It is not a little consolation to find that the old editions of 1532 and 1561 both have eightene in the Man of Law passage. These old editions are, in fact, of some value; they are quite unsophisticated, and follow the words of the old MSS., without regard to the spelling or the scansion. They are, accordingly, unprejudiced witnesses, and de serve attention. WALTER W. SKEAT. SIDEMEN.-What is the proper derivation and meaning of this term? It is commonly assumed by writers on English ecclesiastical law that their office is identical in its character with that of the Testes Synodales of the canon law, and that this supplies the origin of the word. The office which these occupy is described in the Injunctions of Parkhurst, Bishop of Norwich, in 1569, as that of "the churchwardens, questmen and others"; in the Visitation Articles of Cox, Bishop of Ely, in 1570-4, as that of "the churchwardens and inquirers"; in the Articles of Grindal, Abp. of York, in 1571, and Parker, Abp. of Canterbury, in 1575, as that of "the churchwardens and sworn men." So far as I am aware, the first use of the word "sidemen " occurs in a document of 1596 (Cardwell's Doc. Annals). In the Articles of Thornborough, Bishop of Bristol, in 1603, there is "the churchwardens or sidemen." It is to be remembered that the Canons of 1604 were apparently written in Latin originally, and that the English translation being in some places inaccurate, in any instance of ambiguity reference is to be made to this text (A. J. Stephens, Book of C. P. with Notes, 1849, vol. i. p. 90). Consequently the Latin version is to be first examined, when it will be seen that the word so frequently used to express the office is "assistentes," in the English "sidemen." The election is fixed by Canon 90: "Horum autem Economorum et Inquisitorum vel Assistentium annuam electionem in Paschali hebdomade celebrandam decernimus" (Sparrow's Col 1678). In Minsheu's, the earliest dictionary which I have (Lond., 1617), there is: "Sidemen, alias questmen, be those that are yearly chosen...to assist the churchwardens in the inquiring and presenting such offenders as are punishable in the Court Christian." Their oath, settled after 12 Ca II., is, "You shall swear that you will be assistant to the churchwardens in the execution of their office so far as by law you are bound." So far there is nothing to connect the name with that of the Testes Synodales, as if they were "synodsmen," i.e. "sidemen or sidesmen," a transformation of which no etymologist has shown the process. "Side But now, and this is the first instance that I have met with, the supposed derivation comes in Godolphin (Rep. Can., Lond., 1680, p. 163) has this marginal note: "These sidemen were called Testes Synodales, anciently styled synodsmen, thence corruptly now called sidemen." But there is no instance cited of "synodsmen." T. Blount in his Glossographia, Lond., 1681, has no notice of such a derivation, nor has E. Coles in his Dic tionary, Lond., 1685, where he only says: men, assistants to the churchwardens." But the explanation as above soon afterwards appears. In his Law Dictionary, Lond., 1691, Blount has: "Sidesmen, rectius Synodsmen, Testes Synodales"; where there is the change of "sidemen" into "sidesmen," which is perpetuated by that form being used in 5 & 6 Will. IV. c. 62, s. 9, and by many modern writers, in substitution for the "sidemen" of the Canons. which The word "sidemen" to represent assistants, the "assistentes" above cited, is a proper English word, and there appears no reason why such a transformation as "synodsmen " into "sidemen" or "sidesmen" should be thought necessary, has not yet been shown to be a probable form in language. As to the office itself, it may be remarked that Ayliffe (Parerg., p. 516) makes that of the churchwardens to represent the Testes Synodales, "Churchwardens are with us in the place of these synodal witnesses." I have not seen that he refers to "sidemen" at all. I leave the question alone as to how far the office of "sidemen " is or is not representative of that of the Testes Synodale, and ask this merely as an etymological query. But I am aware of what Van Espen, Bishop Gib son, Nelson, Burn, and others have written about these officers. ED. MARSHALL. RICHARD CUMBERLAND: "CALVARY": "THE CLOUDS," &c.-A contemporary of this month (June) contains a review of the life and labours of Richard Cumberland, placeman, poet, essayist, |