Jerpoint, but taselys does not mean tassels, but teasels or teazles, which are used to raise the nap on woollen cloth, and the charter shows the manufacture of cloth had been then introduced into the town. WINSLOW JONES. The term fir cone as applied to the fruit of the fir tree is, I should think, of very modern date. In Dorset they are commonly called fir apples or simply tassels. In the streets of Poole they used to be, and probably are still, sold by the sack for use as fire-lighters. For reviving an expiring fire their resinous and terebinthine qualities render them very useful. THOS. B. GROVES. Weymouth. Taselys probably means teasels, or burrs, for teasing cloth. Tæsel, tasan, to pull. Compare Promptorium, "Tasyl, carduus vel cardo fullonis, paliurus." Compare Piers Plowman, text B, xv. 444-7 (ed. Skeat) :— "Cloth pat cometh fro be weuyng is nouzt comly to were, Tyl it is fulled vnder fote or in fullyng stokkes, Wasshen wel with water and with taseles cracched, Ytouked, and ytented, and vnder tailloures hande." Comp. Riley's Liber Albus, pp. 530, 538, "that thistles shall not be taken out of the realm." O. W. TANCOCK. "Tasels is a kind of hard bur, used by clothiers and cloth-workers in dressing cloth. An. 4 Ed. IV. cap. i." (Blount, Law Dict.). This is the Dipsacus fullonum, fuller's teasel. ED. MARSHALL. IRISH SUPERSTITION (5th S. x. 447.)-" If grazed on [a certain field] horses lose their hoofs." Perhaps moonwort grew there. There is a popular belief in Ireland, as elsewhere, that this plant causes a horse that treads upon it to cast a shoe. One name for moonwort in German is eisen-brech, iron-breach, and the supposed powers from which it draws such a name are illustrated in a Limerick story of a Castlejane man who when in Clonmel Jail opened all the prison locks with it. On a certain part of Sliabh Riabhach mountain no horse, people say, can keep its shoe (persons in the locality, 1876). There are somewhat analogous beliefs about vervain, which I observe is called in Welsh Briw 'r March (horse-wound). Hammersmith. DAVID FITZGERALD. RIBBESFORD CHURCH (5th S. xi. 267.)-My last visit to this church was paid in August, 1877, when I can satisfy H. W. B. that the arch was then in situ, and that it was not contemplated to interfere with it in the projected and much-needed reparation of the building. The old Norman arch has plain mouldings. I therefore conclude that when H. W. B. says that "the arch" was "quaintly carved," and asks "if the figures thereon are still distinct," he refers to the tympanum and the capitals, which are carved with much elaboration. A carefully executed woodcut of this Norman doorway will be found in an article, "Two Worcestershire Legends in Stone," published in Medley, by Cuthbert Bede (James Blackwood, no date, but about 1856), who gives the legend of the young hunter who shot at a buck on the other side of the Severn and killed a salmon that leapt from the water, a certain ring being found inside the fish, which ring led to the marriage of the young hunter with the daughter of the lord of the manor. Cuthbert Bede also gives his reasons for believing that the so-called salmon carved upon the tympanum is meant for one of those beavers that abounded in the Severn, where "Bevere Island" still recalls their existence. VIGORNIENSIS. THE "FYLFOT" (3rd S. v. 458; viii. 415; 5th S. x. 436; xi. 154.)-Has this very ancient symbol been noticed in any of the ruined cities of Mexico, Colorado, or anywhere else in the New World? Not having access to illustrated books of travels in those countries, I beg to make this inquiry. T. W. W. S. Macbeth is believed to have been really edited by "MACBETH" (5th S. xi. 268.)—This edition of Mr. John Croft, a well-known York antiquary, who also published Annotations on Plays of Shakespeare, York, 1810, and Memoirs of Harry Rowe: constructed from Materials found in an Old Box after his Decease. Harry Rowe, whose name was thus used, was for many years a wellknown York character. He died in the York Workhouse in 1797, in the seventy-fourth year of his age. For further particulars see Davies's Memoir of the York Press. BIBLIOTHECARY. SATURDAY AND THE ROYAL FAMILY (5th S. xi. 287.)-ABHBA has sent a cutting from the Globe respecting Saturday, a day said to be fatal to the royal family. I think a very little attention to facts will greatly reduce the number of these "fatal" Saturdays. Thus, William III. did not die on Saturday, March 18, but Wednesday, March 8, 1701-2. Anne did not die on Saturday, but Wednesday also. The date given is correct (Aug. 1, 1714), but this was a Wednesday. George I did not die on June 10, 1727, but June 11, which was Sunday; and even in regard to George III. there is considerable doubt whether he died on Saturday night or Sunday morning. George II., George IV., with the Duchess of Kent, the Prince Consort, and the Princess Alice, without doubt died on a Saturday, but of the crowned heads mentioned only two, or at most three, have found Saturday a "fatal day." Lavant, Chichester. E. COBHAM BREWER, ANDREW MARVELL (5th S. xi. 283.)-Being at Cherry Burton a few years ago to search the parish is still occupied by the Dutch Calvinists. But the arms given by MR. WOODWARD escaped. I had not time to examine them, and have no doubt that MR. WOODWARD has related them faithfully. I write to point out a misunderstanding of his in his note, ante, p. 270. He says: "The Counts of Egmond bore en surtout the arms of the duchy of Guelders-Per pale az. and or, two lions combatant, the first or, the other sa." This makes what is there seen to be a single coat. But the lions are not combatant, and this shield is parti, according to the constant European practice of marshalling, and shows two coats, Gueldres and Juliers. At the end of "Sigilla Comitum Flan FATHER ARROWSMITH'S HAND (5th S. xi. 94.)This is now preserved at Ashton, Newton-le-drie... Olivari Vredi, . . . 1639," is a list of arms Willows, near Liverpool, and is often visited by by Julius Chifflet, son of J. J. Chifflet. Among persons from a considerable distance. In this them is :year's Catholic Directory, p. 161, we read: "Those who wish to visit the holy hand' will have an opportunity of satisfying their devotion on Sunday after the masses," &c. A life of F. Arrowsmith will be found in vol. ii. of Challoner's Missionary Priests. He suffered at Lancaster, Aug. 28, 1628, ætatis forty-three." See "N. & Q.," 4th S. ix. 376, 436, 452, 455; x. 177, 258. JAMES BRITTEN. SACRAMENTAL WINE (5th S. x. 328; xi. 48, 75, 109, 176, 291.)—There is a full discussion concerning the colour of wine used for mass in Bona, Rer. Lit., lib. ii. cap. viii. (ed. Sala). It would seem that red wine was generally used until comparatively modern times, but that white was allowed in cases of necessity. White wine was enjoined at Milan by St. Charles Borromeo in an American (Roman) synod in 1595, and in one of Majorca in 1659, in the latter case on the ground that the altar was less liable to be soiled by it. Mabillon says that red wine was ordered to be generally used in the Gallican Church as being more like blood and less like water, a consideration which has doubtless determined the Anglican use. Chambers says, " According to the anciently received English custom it ought to be red wine: 'Let the wine be red rather than white, although the sacrament is well consecrated in white"" (Divine Worship, p. 233). Van Espen (A.D. 1753) says it matters little provided it be of the fruit of the vine. See further in Directorium Anglicanum, 1865, p. 190. I find from the Ripon account rolls that red wine of Gascony was there used "pro missis celebratis" in the latter half of the fifteenth century. Bp. Hatfield's Hall, Durham. J. T. F. ARMS ON THE STALLS IN THE CATHEDRAL AT HAARLEM (5th S. ix. 61, 101, 413, 451, 471, 497; xi. 269.)-Ì have been in the fine building which was for a few years, beginning with 1559, the Cathedral of Harlem. In 1572 the bishop was driven out, and the usual enormities followed. It Gueldres, parti, au premier d'azur a un lion contourné couronné d'or, lampassé et armé de gueulles, qui est de Gueldres; au 2 d'or au lion de sable, denté et armé d'argent, lampassé de gueulles, qui est de Juliers." of Gueldres singly, thus, "La Duche de Gvueldres,” Azure, a lion rampant, crowned, queue fourchée, or. I copied this from the shield myself. Stuarts Lodge, Malvern Wells. On the tomb of Charles the Bold occurs a shield D. P. "SHACK" (5th S. viii. 127, 413; ix. 318; L 275, 417.)-I am obliged by the notices of various correspondents as to the word shack upon which my communication was first of all inserted. But may I remark that the replies have in many instances drifted away from the original purpose, which was not to obtain the ordinary meaning of shack (about which there is but little question), but to arrive at a meaning suitable to the passage quoted from the Homily? The reply by C. B., which shows the application of the term to grass, and not merely to corn, seems to hit upon this. The Homily spoke of the charitable use of making the balks broad for the more convenient shack of cattle during harvest. The broader balk would enable the animals used for draught to graze, at the intervals of rest from labour, more conveniently. ED. MARSHALL. I am inclined to look upon shack as something more than a local custom, and to give it a much earlier origin and wider extension. For instance, when on the Cotton Commission in Turkey, we were troubled with shack under the name of bozook, the herdsmen claiming the right of pasturing cattle after harvest; and as American cotton was late in ripening, our efforts to grow it were impeded by the claimants of bozook. It is, I believe, on the same claim that the great company of merino sheep traverses Spain, and causes such interruption to agriculture. HYDE CLARKE. "LESS " (5th S. x. 248, 294.)-MR. ROSENTHAL does not mention the doubling of the com parative in the similar word in Greek. From λáxoTos there is laxioróτepos, Ep. ad Eph., iii. 8, and axioTÓTATOS, Sext. Emp. M., iii. 51. Liddell and Scott translate the words "yet smaller," ""less than the least." ED. MARSHALL. SWIFTIANA (5th S. xi. 264.)—" The Dutch way of cutting asparagus" means cutting it under ground, as all good gardeners now do, instead of letting it grow up with a long green top and hard white stalk. Only one inch of the top should appear above ground, then dig round it, and cut low down; then the white is quite tender. Look at French asparagus in a shop window; it is all cut that way, and is larger than English-never an inch of green in the best. H. Y. N. AUTHORS OF BOOKS WANTED (5th S. xi. 289.)Only for Something to Say appeared in an early volume of Once a Week, and was signed Ralph Benson." F. L. is hardly less great than in the case of his lyrics, for in Heine's prose we find the same melodious rhythm allied to the same simplicity of language that we find in his verse. It combines all the vivacity and grace of the best French writing with an intensity peculiar to German literature, while no German-indeed, no modern-author approaches his power of uniting wit and pathos. It was consequently a happy thought that suggested to Mr. Snodgrass to attempt to accomplish for Heine's prose what has already been effected, more or task with skill, tact, and judgment; and it is easy to perless unsuccessfully, for his verse. He has performed his ceive that he has a thorough acquaintance with his author and sympathy for his matter. He has not merely formed a collection of brilliant extracts from Heine's works and classified them as a book of reference, but has attempted the more ambitious, and also more useful, work of reproducing in an English garb Heine's thoughts and feelings on a great variety of subjects. He thus helps to illustrate the phases of Heine's many-sided mind to English readers, and shows them the almost endless variety of form in which Heine can clothe his marks, "In every page of Heine is to be found some thoughts and feelings. As Mr. Snodgrass happily reidea, some phrase, often merely an epithet, which causes the reader either a thrill of pleasure or a shock of sur AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED (5th S. x. prise. Sometimes a feeling akin to physical terror is 289.) "And was so proud," &c. These lines are from Churchill's Duellist (second ed. fol., Lond., Kearsly, 1764), bk. iii. p. 33. The satirical portrait is that of Bishop Warburton. A fuller context is needed to do the quotation justice. "The First, entitled to the place Of Honour both by Gown aad Grace, Miscellaneous. NOTES ON BOOKS, &c. Wit, Wisdom, and Pathos from the Prose of Heinrich Heine. Selected and Translated by J. Snodgrass. (Trübner & Co.) "BAD translators," said Don Quixote, "show the wrong side of the tapestry," and no author has been more persistently thus turned inside out than Heine. Though many have attempted to render the matchless melody and pathos of his poems, we only know one who has even approximately succeeded. Meanwhile his prose works may be said to be almost unknown to the general reader in this country; neither would it, perhaps, be possible to introduce them entire, since they contain much that might shock, and something that really ought to shock, ordinary British prejudices. And yet Heine's prose is as exquisite as his poetry; many passages are simply poems in prose, and the difficulty of rendering such into English experienced when the bolt of his unerring irony falls upon the superstitions or the hypocrisies that cling to the life even of our enlightened and professedly Christian century." Even adequately to render prose alive with such varied qualities as Heine's was a task of more than common intricacy; it is surrounded with shoals and breakers. The greater praise is therefore due to Mr. Snodgrass that these have been most happily overcome, and that after a careful inspection of his volume and a collation of his versions with the originals we can but congratulate him upon his fidelity to the sense and spirit of the latter. The work has evidently been a labour of love, and exhibits no trace of haste or carelessness. It is a pity that Mr. Snodgrass has not omitted the few verse translations he has placed at the end of his volume. They are as prosaic and inadequate as his prose renderings are happy. An excellent index and a careful reference to the original of each extract enhance the value of this volume, which will, we trust, aid in making Heine yet more widely known in this country. The Life of St. Hugh of Avalon, Bishop of Lincoln. With some Account of his Predecessors in the See of Lincoln. By George G. Perry, M.A., Canon of Lincoln. (Murray.) THE life of a medieval saint is no easy matter to write. If the materials are scanty there is usually little to tell except of wonders which the modern mind is apt to reject; if, however, the holy man has been one who moved much in the world, and had dealings with emperors, popes, and kings, there will probably be abundance of material in which to quarry, but at every step, if the writer be not watchful, he will irritate the susceptibilities of his readers. We are all pretty well of one mind as to the great men of antiquity, but the fire yet burns fiercely around many of the points touched by a life such as that here chronicled. It is no small praise to affirm that Mr. Perry has succeeded in his task without saying anything which can pain any reasonable person. His knowledge of the period in which St. Hugh lived and of the passions that stirred it is not scanty, and he has been commonly able to look at things from the medieval standpoint. The details of Hugh's dealings with Henry, Richard, and John are given in sufficient detail and are very well told. We feel, however, that JAMIESON'S "SCOTTISH DICTIONARY."-Mr. Alexander Gardner (Paisley) announces a new edition of this great work, carefully revised and collated, with the entire supplement incorporated, by John Longmuir, A.M., LL.D. Mr. Gardner invites suggestions from all quarters. Amongst the subscribers' names we are glad to find not a few of the regular contributors to " N. & Q." he has done but scant justice to Henry II., who was, has set about the task of placing it in an abridged form when all deductions are made, a very great king. Is it in the hands of that large class of readers to whom quite fair, we would ask, to speak of certain of Hilde-minute criticism and learned disquisitions are unbrand's most questionable acts as done "for the purposes necessary. The Student's Commentary on the Bible (for of his own ambitious policy"? The results have been such is the title of the present abridgment of the fraught with evil, but we are probably bound to believe | Speaker's Commentary) effects its object, and Mr. Fuller that there was a good motive at the back. Mr. Perry may be congratulated on the appearance of his first has translated from Wilkins's Concilia certain inquiries volume, which embraces the Pentateuch. to be made by the archdeacons of the Lincoln diocese. They are very curious, and indicate a strange condition of moral laxity and ritual carelessness. One of the questions is, "Do any clerks frequent the performances of actors or play at dice and bones?" The Latin for bones is tarillos. This word has often been rendered "draughts," but we believe it to have a wider meaning and to include any game played with men of bone or ivory. This would, of course, include chess, which we know was in former days considered an unholy game for the clergy, for in the eleventh century Cardinal Damian, in one of his letters, tells a story of a bishop of Florence who spent the night playing at chess in a public-house. The bishop excused himself to the cardinal on the ground that dice, not chess, were forbidden by the canons. Damian, however, ruled that chess was included under the term used for dice, and the poor prelate was ordered, in penance for his amusement, to repeat the whole Psalter three times over, and to give alms to, and wash the feet of, twelve poor people. The Bagford Ballads. Edited by J. W. Ebsworth. in the field of literature, and especially of biography and MISS METEYARD.-Another busy and industrious toiler antiquities, has passed away in the person of Eliza Meteyard, the accomplished authoress of The Hallowed Spots of Ancient London, The Life of Josiah Wedgwood, and also of biographical sketches of Wedgwood's friends and disciples, under the title of A Group of Englishmen. She was the daughter of a surgeon at Shrewsbury. Her first story, Struggles for Fame, published in 1845, attracted the attention of Douglas Jerrold, to whose newspaper she contributed largely under the pseudonym of "Silverpen." Miss Meteyard died on the 4th inst., in South Lambeth, at the age of sixty-three. Notices to Correspondents. We must call special attention to the following notice: ON all communications should be written the name and address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith. of " N. & Q." having articles on the same subject appear JAYDEE-Yes; but the references to previous numbers to be incomplete. Will you remove this difficulty by THIS is the concluding part of an opus produced by M. W. asks in what village the old English custom of crowning a rural queen on May Day is still maintained, and where it could for a certainty be witnessed on the first of the ensuing month. [We will forward prepaid letters.] THE Speaker's Commentary on the Bible has met with such wide and favourable acceptance at the hands of scholars generally, that we are glad to find Mr. Murray J. BEALE. In an interesting paper on Cobbett in this month's Cornhill it is stated that he was born at Farnham, on March 9, 1762. Consult Smith's William Cobbett (Sampson Low). SCOTUS.-Onycha, a perfume perhaps made from the cup of the strombus, or wing-shell, which abounds in the Red Sea. P. S. S.-The London University Calendar gives all necessary information. R. W. E.-They were received, and we hope to review them very shortly. T. C. (Kelso).-The address was different. NOTICE. Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor of Notes and Queries '"-Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher"-at the Office, 20, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C. We beg leave to state that we decline to return conmunications which, for any reason, we do not print; and to this rule we can make no exception. LONDON, SATURDAY, APRIL 26, 1879. CONTENTS.- N° 278.. NOTES: The Ritual of the Benediction of the Paschal Candle, 321-French Dialects and Patois, 322-Marlowe's Oxford-Richard Hooker-Judas Candles and Judas Candle, 325-"Go it, Ned!"-Prior's Uncle-A Loyal Toast-Church Registers-The Vintage of 1879-A Bridal in the Seventeenth "Panstus," 324-Notes from Accounts of Magdalene College, Century, 326-Folk-Lore, 327. QUERIES:-Arms of the City of London-Three PortraitsCalvarium" or "Calvaria"-"The Devil's nutting-bag" Lord Chesterfield and George II., 327-Fair Rosamund's Tomb-Wimpheling (James or Jacob?)-"A Voice from a Mask," &c.-"Who Wrote Shakspeare?""The Flower of Serving Men"-Mr. Head-William de la Mawe-William Willoughby, 328-W. Bartlett-Swineshead Abbey-Hok Day-The Old Agamemnons-A Spanish Sign of the Cross Cambridgeshire Villages-Goldsmith's "Deserted Village" -Homer and the Razor-Edward I.'s Knights-Authors Wanted, 329. for which I am unable to see any warrant in the.. rubrics, that the deacon who performs this office blesses the paschal candle. I submit that the officiant in this rite does nothing of the sort, and.; is not directed to do it. On the contrary, the deacon, before proceeding to sing the "Exultet," asks and receives the blessing of the priest, who is the general celebrant of the Easter ceremonies. The attitude which is shown in the photograph illustrating Mr. Thompson's paper, and which the author has taken for, and described as, the attitude of benediction, is simply, as I understand it, the necessary stretching forth of the deacon's hand in order to place in the paschal candle the five grains of incense which have been blessed for that purpose by the priest. I do not desire, of course, to enter in this place upon any theological question, but simply to assure myself whether I am right in my interpretation of the rubrics of this portion of the Latin ceremonial of Holy Saturday. n REPLIES:-"Sharpe's London Magazine," 330-The "Adeste fideles, 331-"The Illustrated Family Journal "-Miguel Solis, &c., 332-Hampstead Parish Church-Elizabeth Blunt, 333-Death of Prince Waldemar, 334-French Prisoners of War in England-Will of John Turke, 335-"Divine Breathings"-Andrew Arms-Landegg Family-Whistling, It is impossible to question that the priest is, 336-Alley Family-Cakes coloured with Saffron-Draperies the celebrant in the blessing of the new fire struck sold at Norwich temp. Elizabeth-"Saunterer "- Lunatics in the Seventeenth Century-Canons, &c.-"Macbeth" from a flint at the commencement of this day's March 24-Root="Cat," 327-" Huguenot"-Tennyson and ceremonies. It is equally impossible to question Oliver Cromwell-Lamb's "Tales from Shakspeare"-Primi-that it is also the priest who blesses the five grains tive Method of Counting-Watch-case Verses, 338-Fisher's Bedfordshire MSS.-" Wappered "-Authors Wanted, 339. NOTES ON BOOKS:-"Poetical Works of Robert Stephen Hawker"-Huxley's "Hume," &c. Notices to Correspondents, &c, Nates. THE RITUAL OF THE BENEDICTION OF THE PASCHAL CANDLE. The present season seems not inopportune for bringing before the readers of "N. & Q." some questions connected with the Easter ceremonies of the Latin Church which have been raised in my mind by the perusal of a recent paper, by Mr. E. Maunde Thompson, of the British Museum, on an "Exultet Roll" in the Department of MSS., printed in the Journal of the British Archeological Association, vol. xxxiv. pt. 3, for Sept. 30, 1878: The opinion expressed by so high an authority in such matters as Mr. E. M. Thompson, that the MS. in question is probably unique in England, may at once be accepted, but under reservation of the possibility of other copies existing either in Roman Catholic colleges, such as Stonyhurst and Oscott, or in the private collections of English Roman Catholic gentry, though probably the Historical MSS. Commission may even now be considered to have exhausted the likely places for such a discovery. It is, however, from a liturgical rather than a palæographical point of view that I shall offer some criticism on Mr. Thompson's valuable paper. What I chiefly question in Mr. Thompson's account of the office known as "Exultet" is the statement, of incense which the deacon places in the paschal candle. Therefore I hold that it is the priest who blesses the candle and not the deacon, who is simply the minister of the priest for the manual act of placing the blessed incense in the candle... Moreover, I find no rubric stating that the deacon is to bless the candle, but only one directing him to place the grains in it, and it is this act, or that of lighting the candle, which I believe Mr. Thompson has mistaken for a benediction. After the words "Fugat odia," &c., follows the rubric "[Hic diaconus infigit quinque grana incensi benedicti in cereo in modum crucis.]" Such, at least, is the position of this rubric in the Holy Week Book published by Messrs. Burns, Lambert & Oates (n.d., but the copy from which I quote was obtained by me in 1869). It may possibly have held a different position in the service books of the twelfth century, the date which Mr. Thompson assigns to Add. MS. 30,337, but that would leave the ritual question unaltered. I have looked through a book which I possess, Di Alcuni Antichi Riti della Cattedrale di Osimo, Roma, Stamp. Salomoni (n.d., but "Imprimatur," 1805), without finding anything directly bearing. on this subject. But it may not be uninteresting to mention that the church of Fossombrone, in the neighbourhood of Osimo, observed a special procession on Easter Day, in which the paschal candle was borne to the baptistry, where a hymn was sung in honour of the Mystery of the Resurrection and the Sacrament of Baptism, and after the recital of the antiphon "Regina Cali," the procession returned to the choir. And I may add that the author of the book I have cited on the church of Osimo |