This is the term, in heraldic nomenclature, for 'red.' Hath now this dread and black complexion smear'd With heraldry more dismal; head to foot Now is he total gules: horridly trick'd With blood of fathers, mothers, daughters, sons.-Hamlet, ii. 2. He uses some collegiate and scholastic technicalities:- 66 'Wrangle" is here used partly in its sense as a technical expression at the game of tennis [See the word "wrangler," previously explained, under the present heading], and partly in its sense as a term in logic, for dispute,'' altercate.' What maintenance he from his friends receives, Like exhibition thou shalt have from me.-Two G. of V., i. 3. The term "exhibition" is still used in the universities for a stipend. Rightly reasoned, and in his own division.—M. Ado, v. 1. This was a term for the parts or sections into which an oration is divided. It is the wittiest partition that ever I heard discourse, my lord.—Mid. N. D., v. 1. "Partition" and "partition wall" are terms employed by Hooker and other controversialists somewhat in the same sense that 'sect' is now used. Of all the learned and authentic fellows.-All's W., ii. 3. This was an epithet applied to a physician regularly educated and licensed to practise; the Latin phrase in the diploma of a licentiate being still authentice licentiatus. So far exceed all instance, all discourse, That I am ready to distrust mine eyes, And wrangle with my reason, that persuades me To any other trust but that I am mad.-Tw. N., iv. 3. "Discourse" was a scholarly term for ratiocination.' I deny your major.—1 H. IV., ii. 4. A "major premiss" is a term in logic signifying the first proposition of a syllogism. And learning, a mere hoard of gold kept by a devil, till sack commences it, and sets it in act and use.-2 H. IV., iv. 3. To" commence" is a collegiate term for 'take an academic degree`; and "act" is the term used at both universities for the exercise or ceremony observed when taking a degree. Subscrib'd his power! confin'd to exhibition !—Lear, i. 2. To bandy hasty words, to scant my sizes.-Ibid., ii. 4. This expression means ' allotted portions of food,'' allowances of provision; and the term 'sizar' is still used at Cambridge for that class of students who live there on a stated allowance. Let's have one other gaudy night.-Ant. & C., iii. 11. 6 In the colleges of both universities, gaudy days' is the term used for feast days: Latin, gaudium, joy, mirth, rejoicing. Hir'd with that self-exhibition Which your own coffers yield !—Cym., i. 7. 1 He uses several legal technicalities [See LEGAL PHRASES]; and one of land-buying: These wise men, that give fools money, get themselves a good report after fourteen years' purchase.-Tw. N., iv. I. "After" is here used in the sense of according to the rate of'; and as it seems that when Shakespeare wrote, twelve years' purchase was about the current price of land, the phrase in the text implies an exorbitant price. He uses one mining technicality : Art thou there, true-penny ?-Hamlet, i. 5. This is a term used by miners for a particular indication in the soil of the direction in which ore may be found. A few millers' and bakers' technicalities: : I bought you a dozen of shirts to your back.— Dowlas, filthy dowlas: I have given them away to bakers' wives, and they have made bolters of them.-1 H. IV., iii. 3. "Bolters" are sieves; used for sifting or bolting meal. He that will have a cake out of the wheat must tarry the grinding.-Have I not tarried?—Ay, the grinding; but you must tarry the bolting.-Have I not tarried?— Ay, the bolting; but you must tarry the leavening.-Still have I tarried.-Ay, to the leavening but here's yet in the word "hereafter," the kneading, the making of the cake, the heating of the oven, and the baking.—Tr. & Cr., i. 1. And take thou my oblation, poor but free, Which is not mix'd with seconds.-Sonnet 125. This is the term for the second kind of flour, which is collected after the smaller bran is sifted. He uses an agricultural technicality, employed when he wrote, as the word 'lay' is now : We'll make foul weather with despised tears; Our sighs and they shall lodge the summer corn.—R. II., iii. 3. Though bladed corn be lodg'd, and trees blown down.-Macb., iv. 1. And a few technicalities of natural history: My doe with the black scut.—Merry W., v. 5. This term was given to the tail of those animals whose tails are very short, such as of a hare, a deer, &c. As the coney, that you see dwell where she is kindled.-As You L., iii. 2. This means brought forth,'' born.' As that ungentle gull, the cuckoo's bird.-1 H. IV., v. 1. This was a term for an unfledged nestling, a callow bird. So many weeks ere the poor fools will yean.-3 H. VI., ii. 5. This means bring forth young.' Lord Timon will be left a naked gull.-Timon, ii. 1. This, as well as "gull," was a technical term for a callow or unfledged bird. There's something in his soul, O'er which his melancholy sits on brood; This was the term applied to the first coming of birds from the shell. Anon, as patient as the female dove, When that her golden couplets are disclos'd, A few technicalities of astrology : Were we not born under Taurus?— No, sir; it is legs and thighs.-Tw. N., i. 3. To be "born under Taurus,” the Bull, which is the second constellation in the Zodiac, is supposed by the speaker to imply a tendency to joviality and revelry. The expressions "sides and hearts," "legs and thighs," refer to the system that associated particular portions of the human body with the predominance of particular constellations: evidences of which system used to appear in almanacs of former date. Saturn and Venus this year in conjunction! What says the almanack to that?—And, look, whether the fiery Trigon, his man, be not lisping to his master's old tables.— 2 H. IV., ii. 4. The "conjunction" alluded to is stated by astrological works to have been never known to occur; and "the fiery Trigon" is a term applied by astrologers to the meeting of Aries, Leo, and Sagittarius. And technicalities of palmistry and chiromancy : Well, if any man in Italy have a fairer table which doth offer to swear upon a book,— I shall have good fortune! go to, here's a simple line of life! here's a small trifle of wives!-Mer. of V., ii. 2. "Table" was the term for the palm of the hand; and "the line of life" meant the curved line proceeding downwards, inside the hand, from the thumb towards the wrist. He uses some technical terms of state formulas : I'll give him my commission To let him there a month behind the gest This was the name given to the scroll containing the several stages, or resting-places, in a king's progress; from the old French, giste, a place to lie or lodge at. Nothing but to show you how a king may go a progress through the guts of a beggar. -Hamlet, iv. 3. If that his majesty would aught with us, We shall express our duty in his eye.—Ibid., iv. 4. This was a term used in state formulas for in his presence.' Look, how the floor of heaven Is thick inlaid with patines of bright gold.-Mer. of V., v. 1. A" patine" (from the Latin, patina) is the small plate of gold used with the chalice in the administration of the Eucharist. For he hath stolen a pax, and hanged must 'a be.-H. V., iii. 6. This was a small plate, sometimes made of precious metal, bearing a sacred image upon it, and presented to the congregation during the celebration of mass, for them to bestow upon it the kiss of peace': Latin, pax, peace. Cut off even in the blossoms of my sin, Unhousel'd, disappointed, unanel'd.—Hamlet, i. 5. The former of these terms signifies without having received the sacrament'; the latter, 'without extreme unction.' [See ELLIPTICALLY USED WORDS for names formed from technical implements.] TERMS OF DEFIANCE OR CHALLENGE. There are several passages in Shakespeare's plays that refer to the practice among combatants of daring each other to some wild and lonely place, out of the reach of help or interference, and these passages aid in confirming the propriety of retaining a word in one passage which has been suspected of error : This is true that I say: an I had thee in place where [thou and I could fight uninterruptedly] thou shouldst know it.-Tam. of S., iv. 3. I do defy him, and I spit at him; Call him a sland'rous coward and a villain : Which to maintain, I would allow him odds; Even to the frozen ridges of the Alps, Or any other ground inhabitable,* Wherever Englishman durst set his foot.-R. II., i. 1. If I dare eat, or drink, or breathe, or live, I dare meet Surrey in a wilderness.—Ibid., iv. 1. Or be alive again, And dare me to the desert with thy sword, If trembling I inhabit then, protest me This is the passage which has been supposed incorrect by some commentators; who have proposed to alter the words "inhabit then." But we think they are precisely in Shakespeare's style, as forming direct antithesis with "dare me to the desert." He elsewhere employs "inhabit" as an intransitive verb, to express remain,' dwell'; and here the sense is, remain within doors,'' stay in any habitation or inhabited place when thou challengest me forth.' If I had thee in Lipsbury pinfold, I would make thee care for me.-Lear, ii. 2. I'd drive ye cackling home to Camelot.-Ibid., ii. 2. I would they were in Afric both together; Myself by with a needle, that I might prick • Here used for 'not habitable,'' unhabitable,' or ' uninhabitable': Latin, inhabitabilis. THINGS IMPERSONATED. With very spirited effect, Shakespeare occasionally impersonates objects, treating them as if they were living and acting creatures:Arm, wenches, arm! encounters mounted are Against your peace.-Love's L. L., v. 2. I have seen A medicine that's able to breathe life into a stone, Quicken a rock, and make you dance canary.—All's W., ii. 1. Bring in the admiration.—Ibid., ii. 1. A thousand knees Ten thousand years together, naked, fasting, Upon a barren mountain.-W. T., iii. 2. I have eyes under my service which look upon his removedness; from whom I have this intelligence.—Ibid., iv. 1. Whom he loves (He bade me say so) more than all the sceptres But for my hand, as unattempted yet, Like a poor beggar, raileth on the rich.-John, ii. 2. He should have his uncle Gaunt a father, To rouse his wrongs, and chase them to the bay.—R. II., ii. 3. Then murders, treasons, and detested sins, The cloak of night being pluck'd from off their backs, Stand bare and naked, trembling at themselves.—Ibid., iii. 2. No more the thirsty entrance of this soil Shall daub her lips with her own children's blood; No more shall trenching war channel her fields, Nor bruise her flowerets with the armed hoofs Of hostile paces: those opposed eyes . . . Shall now, in mutual well-beseeming ranks, Against acquaintance, kindred, and allies.-1 H. IV., i ‚i. 1. Shall we buy treason? and indent with fears, When they have lost and forfeited themselves?—Ibid., i. 3. All these bold fears, Thou seest, with peril I have answer'd.-Ibid., iv. 4. Murder, indeed, that bloody sin, I tortur'd Above the felon, or what trespass else.-2 H. VI., iii. I. No bending knee will call thee Cæsar now.-3 H. VI., iii. 1. The drum [See ELLIPTICALLY USED WORDS for other similar instances] your honour hears marcheth from Warwick.-Ibid., v. 1. I had rather be a tick in a sheep, than such a valiant ignorance.—Tr. & Cr., iii. 3. Are smother'd up, leads fill'd, and ridges hors'd |