Pur! [Edgar, in his assumption of Poor Tom's rambling jargon, mimics the noise made by the animal he names] the cat is grey.—Lear, iii. 6.

We did keep time, sir, in our catches. Sneck up! [a scoffing interjection, equivalent to go, hang!'-put into the boozing Sir Toby's mouth, as having the effect of a hiccup].-Tw. N., ii. 3.

Whew! [Falstaff's vexed mockery of the thieves' whistle] A plague upon you all! Give me my horse.-1 H. IV., ii. 2.

Shakespeare makes use of several exclamations, technically or otherwise specially employed :—

That woman, who cried out "Clubs!" [the cry used in ancient London to summon constabulary aid, or to rally the city apprentices] when I might see from far.— H. VIII., v. 3.

Clubs, bills, and partisans ! strike.-R. & Jul., i. 1.

Oh, esperance! [the motto and battle-cry of the Percy family].-1 H. IV., ii. 3.
Now, Esperance! Percy! and set on.-Ibid., v. 2.

A hall, a hall! [the exclamation formerly used when it was needful to clear a space in a crowded assembly] give room!-R. & Jul., i. 5.

Halloo, halloo, loo, loo! [a cry used in hare-hunting].-Lear, iii. 4.

Cry, havock [the word used in war as a declaration that no quarter should be given], kings! back to the stained field.-John, ii. 2.

Do not cry havock, where you should but hunt.-Coriol., iii. 1.

Cry, "havock!" and let slip the dogs of war.-Jul. C., iii. 1.

This quarry cries on havock.-Hamlet, v. 2.

Hey [cry of the chase, to encourage the hounds], Mountain, hey!—

Silver! there it goes! Silver !-Fury, Fury! there Tyrant, there! hark, hark!— Temp., iv. 1.

Illo, ho, ho! my lord!-Hillo, ho, ho, boy! [the call used by falconers to the hawk, when they would have it descend from the air to them] come, bird, come.—Hamlet, i. 5. То сгу, "Hold, hold!" [the phrase formally and solemnly used when parting combatants or forbidding an assault].—Macb., i. 5.

...

Hold, for your lives!-Hold, hold, lieutenant !. .. Hold! the general speaks to you, hold, for shame!-Oth., ii. 3.

Hold, hold, hold, hold!-My noble masters.-Coriol., v. 5.

Cry, holla! [a term of the riding-school; whereby the horse was checked or stopped] to thy tongue, I pry'thee; it curvets most unseasonably.—As You L., iii. 2. Kill, kill, kill, kill, kill [the word given formerly in the army, when an onset was made upon the enemy] him!-Coriol., v. 5.

And when I have stolen upon these sons-in-law,
Then, kill, kill, kill, kill, kill, kill.-Lear, iv. 6.

Now, bull! now, dog! 'Loo, Paris, 'loo! [a cry used at bull-baiting] now, my double-henned sparrow! 'loo, Paris, 'loo! The bull has the game: 'ware horns, ho!Tr. & Cr., v. 8.

Peace!-Hear the crier! [Faulconbridge likens Austria's exclamation of " Peace!" to the proclamation, "Silence!" made by criers in courts of justice].-John, ii. 1. It is his highness' pleasure that the queen

Appear in person here in court. Silence !-W. T., iii. 2.

Saint Denis [the battle-cry of France] to Saint Cupid! [the battle-cry playfully adopted by the French Princess].-Love's L. L., v. 2.

Between Saint Denis and Saint George [the battle-cry of England].-H. V., v. 2. So-ho, so-ho! [the cry, in hunting the hare, when the game is perceived]-What see'st thou ?-Two G. of V., iii. 1.

So-ho! What hast thou found?--No hare, sir.-R. & Jul., ii. 4.

And 66

tailor" [an exclamation used when any one slipped from a seat and fell backwards: conjectured to have been because a person so stumbling falls as a tailor squats upon his board] cries, and falls into a cough.-Mid. N. D., ii. I.

Yoke you like draught oxen, and make you plough up the war.-What, what?— Yes, good sooth: to, Achilles ! to, Ajax! to! [the expression of urging used by plough. men to their cattle].-Tr. & Cr., ii. 1.

O, well flown, bird! [the falconer's expression when the hawk was successful in its flight].-Lear, iv. 6.

There lies your way, due west.-Then westward-ho! [this, and its counterpart exclamation, eastward-ho!' were the cries with which the Thames watermen offered to convey passengers in their boats either towards the city or the contrary quarter of London].-Tw. Ñ., iii. 1.

Shakespeare uses some exclamations derived from foreign sources:Adieu, good Monsieur Melancholy.-As You L., iii. 2.

With no less religion than if thou wert indeed my Rosalind: so, adieu.—Ibid., iv. 1. Once more, adieu; the rest let sorrow say.—R. II., v. 1.

Adieu !-Nay, stay a little

were too petty.—Cym., i. 2.

were you but riding forth to air yourself, such parting

Baccare! you are marvellous forward.-Tam of S., ii. 1.

I will not change my horse with any that treads but on four pasterns. Ça, ha! He bounds from the earth, as if his entrails were hairs.-H. V., iii. 7.

Coragio! bully-monster, coragio !-Temp., v. I.

Bravely, coragio !—All's W., ii. 5.

Diablo, ho! the town will rise.-Oth., ii. 3.

"Steal," foh! a fico for the phrase!-Merry W., i. 3.

Die, and figo for thy friendship!-H. V., iii. 6.

The figo for thee, then !—Ibid., iv. 1.

Gramercies, Tranio, well dost thou advise.

Gramercies, lad; go forward.—Tam of S., i. I. Gramercies, good fool: how does your mistress?—Timon, ii. 2. Gramercy: wouldst thou aught with me?-Mer. of V., ii. 2. Gramercy, fellow. There, drink that for me.-R. III., iii. 2. Good! Gramercy.-Timon, ii. 2.

Good master page, sit. Proface !-2 H. IV., v. 3.

Rivo! says the drunkard.-1 H. IV., ii. 4.

Let the world slide: sessa!-Tam. of S., Induc. 1.

Sessa! let him trot by.-Lear, iii. 4.

Sessa! Come, march to wakes and fairs.-Ibid., iii. 6.

Have I encompassed you? go to, via !-Merry W., ii. 2.

Via, goodman Dull! thou hast spoken no word.-Love's L. L., v. I.

Cried," Via! we will do 't, come what will come."-Ibid., v. 2.

'Via!" says the fiend; "away!" says the fiend.—Mer. of V., ii, 2. Via! les eaux et la terre.-H. V., iv. 2.

Why, Via! to London will we march amain.—3 H. VI., ii. 1.

I see them lording it in London streets,

Crying" Villiago!" unto all they meet.-2 H. VI., iv. 8.

And he introduces one English oath corrupted by French pronunciation:

By gar, it is a shallenge . . . by gar, I vill cut.-Merry W., i. 4.

He also uses some peculiar adjurations :—

But, for all our loves, first let them try.-2 H. IV., ii. 3.

Would desire you to send her your little page of all loves.-Merry W., ii. 2.

Speak, of all loves !-Mid. N. D., ii. 3.

Of charity, what kin are you to me?—Tw. N., v. I.

Sweet saint, for charity, be not so curst.-R. III., i. 2.

Also, some peculiar asseverations:

And yet to win her, all the world to nothing!—R. III., i. 2.

And all the world to nothing, that he dares ne'er come back.-R. & Jul., iii. 5.
For, heaven to earth, some of us never shall a second time.-1 H. IV., v. 2.
And of his friends there, it is lots to blanks,

My name hath touch'd your ears.-Coriol., v. 2.

Master, for my hand, both our inventions meet.-Tam. of S., i. 1.
Not to tremble: my life for yours.—Mid. N. D., iii. 1.

Also, some exclamations of salutation:

Hail, mortal!-Hail! Hail! Hail!—Ibid., iii. 1.

All hail, great master! grave sir! hail!-Temp., i. 2.
Cæsar, all hail! good morrow, worthy Cæsar.—Jul. C., ii, 2.
All hail, Macbeth! hail to thee, thane of Glamis !—Macb., i. 3.
Hail to your lordship!—I am glad to see you well.-Hamlet, i. 2.
Hail to your grace !—I am glad to see your highness.—Lear, ii. 4.
God-den to your worship, goot Captain Jamy.-H. V., iii. 2.
O, God ye good den.-May not one speak ?-R. & Jul., iii. 5.
God ye good morrow, gentlemen.-God ye good den.—Ibid., ii. 4.
God give you good-morrow, master person.-Love's L. L., iv. 2.
Good den, brother.-M. Ado, iii. 2.

Good even, Varro.-Timon, ii. 2.

Good day and happiness, dear Rosalind!-As You L., iv. 1.

Till he have cross'd the Severn. Happiness.-Cym., iii. 5.

Sir Proteus, save you! Saw you my master ?-Two G. of V., i. I.

Save thee, friend, and thy music.-Tw. N., iii. 1.

Save you, sir. And you.-Coriol., iv. 4.

Save thee, Curan.—And you, sir.-Lear, ii. 1.

He has some passionately emotional exclamations, of singularly simple and concentrated force in expression :

Is it even so? then I defy you, stars !—R. & Jul., v. 1.
Death of thy soul! those linen cheeks of thine.-Macb., v. 3.
My breath and blood! Fiery? the fiery duke?-Lear, ii. 4.
Death on my state! wherefore should he sit here?—Ibid., ii. 4.

Howl, howl, howl, howl! O, you are men of stones:

Had I your tongues and eyes, I'd use them so

That Heaven's vault should crack. She's gone for ever!
I know when one is dead, and when one lives;

She's dead as earth !-Ibid., v. 3.

He has also given us a specimen of the meaningless exclamations (such as, My mare, God save her!' and 'My sow, God bless her!') sometimes formerly used :—

If I spar'd any

That had a head to hit.

Let me ne'er hope to see a chine again;

And that I would not for a cow, God save her !-H. VIII., v. 3.

Also, specimens of elliptical exclamations:

Women! Help Heaven! [Heaven help them! '] men their creation mar
In profiting by them.-M. for M., ii. 4.

God help [them], poor souls, how idly do they talk !-Com. of E., iv. 4.
Now, the Lord help [me]! they vex me past my patience!-H. VIII., ii. 4.

He uses some interjections of denunciation :—
"Aroint thee, witch!" the rump-fed ronyon cries.-Macb., i. 3.
And, aroint thee, witch, aroint thee.-Lear, iii. 4 (Song).

Rogues, hence, avaunt! vanish like hailstones.—Merry W., i. 3.
Avaunt, thou witch! Come, Dromio, let us go.-Com. of E., iv. 3.
Avaunt, perplexity! What shall we do if they return.-Love's L. L., v. 2.
Avaunt, thou hateful villain, get thee gone!-John, iv. 3.

You hunt-counter, hence! avaunt!-2 H. IV., i. 2.

You dogs! avaunt, you cullions !-H. V., iii. 2.

Avaunt, thou dreadful minister of hell !-R. III., i. 2.

Avaunt! and quit my sight! let the earth hide thee.-Macb., iii. 4.

Avaunt, you curs !-Lear, iii. 6.

Avaunt! be gone! thou hast set me on the rack.—Oth., iii. 3.

Hence, avaunt!-Ibid., v. I.

Ah, thou spell! Avaunt!—Ant. & C., iv. 10.

Avaunt, thou damned door-keeper!—Per., iv. 6.

Satan, avoid! I charge thee, tempt me not! ..
Avoid thee, fiend!-Com. of E., iv. 3.

False fiend, avoid !-2 H. VI., i. 4.

Thou basest thing, avoid! hence, from my sight!—Cym., i. 2.

Out, devil! I remember them too well.-R. III., i. 3.

Out, rascal dogs!—Timon, v. I.

Out on thee, rude man!-John, i. I.

Out upon you! what a man are you.-R. & Jul., ii. 4.

And some interjections of disgust :

And fall a-cursing, like a very drab, a scullion!
Fie upon 't! foh !—Hamlet, ii. 2.

Foh! one may smell in such a will most rank.—Oth., iii. 3.

As I? foh! fie upon thee !—Ibid., v. 1.

And smelt so? pah !-Hamlet, v. 1.

Fie, fie, fie! pah, pah! Give me an ounce of civet, good apothecary, to sweeten my imagination.-Lear, iv. 6.

And some of contempt, disparagement, slighting rejection, or lightly waiving a subject:

She is full of most blessed condition.

Blessed figs' end . . . blessed pudding !—Oth., ii. 1.

Should be! should buz!-Tam. of S., ii. 1.

The actors are come hither, my lord.-Buz, buz !—Hamlet, ii. 2.
What, with two points on your shoulder? Much!-2 H. IV., ii. 4.
I promise you, my lord, you mov'd me much.-Much !-Timon, i. 2.
Is it not past two o'clock? and here much Orlando!-As You L., iv. 3.
I'll tell you what,-Pho, pho! come, tell a pin: . . .

Guardian! why, Greek!-Pho, pho! adieu; you palter.-Tr. & Cr., v. 2.
Pish!-Pish for thee, Iceland dog!-H. V., ii. 1.

The incorporate conclusion: pish!-Oth., ii. 1.

It is not words that shake me thus: pish!—Ibid., iv. 1.

Shakespeare also uses an old form of the above expression; which was sometimes spelt" push ":

And made a push at chance and sufferance.-M. Ado, v. 1.

Know you the quality of lord Timon's fury?—
Push! did you see my cap?-Timon, iii. 6.

Affection! pooh! you speak like a green girl.-Hamlet, i. 3.
The gods grant them true!-True! pow wow.—Coriol., ii. 1.
Tilly-fally, Sir John, never tell me.-2 H. IV., ii. 4.

Am I not of her blood? Tilly-vally, lady.-Tw. N., ii. 3.
Tush! I may as well say the fool's the fool.-M. Ado, iii. 3.

Tush, that's a wooden thing! . . . Tush, women have been captivate ere now.1 H. VI., v. 3.

Tush, my good lord, this superficial tale.—Ibid., v. 5.

'Tis now near night.-Tush! I will stir about.-R. & Jul., iv. z.

Some misadventure.-Tush! thou art deceiv'd.-Ibid., v. 1.

That they combine not there.-Tush, tush !—Coriol., iii. 2.

Tush, tush, 'twill not appear.-Hamlet, i. 1.

Tut, a pin! this shall be answered.-Merry W., i. 1.
Tut, never fear me: I am as vigilant as.-1 H. IV., iv. 2.
Tut! I have the best armour of the world.-H. V., iii. 7.
Tut! that's a foolish observation.-3 H. VI., ii. 6.
Tut, tut! grace me no grace, nor uncle me.-)

.-R. II., ii. 3.

Tut, tut! here is a mannerly forbearance.-1 H. VI., ii. 4.

Tut, tut, my lord, we will not stand to prate.-R. III., i. 3.

In the following passage Shakespeare uses the English equivalent to the Italian exclamation, "Buona notte!" uttered to express a desperate resignation, when a cause or a game is lost :

:

If he fall in, good night! or sink or swim.-1 H. IV., i. 3.

He sometimes uses expressive interjections that denote particular moods of mind or condition of body ::

Tom's a-cold,-Oh, do de, do de, do de [to denote teeth chattering and shivering]. Bless thee from whirlwinds, star-blasting, and taking!—Lear, iii. 4.

Dogs leap the hatch, and all are fled. Do de, de, de.—Ibid., iii. 6.

Fe, fe, fe, fe! [to denote heat and flurry]. Ma foi, il fait fort chaud. Je m'en vais à la cour.-Merry W., i. 4.

Nay, an you get it, you shall get it by running. Sa, sa, sa, sa, [uttered by one running off ].-Ibid., iv. 6.

Sola, sola! [shouted out by one excitedly running].-Love's L. L., iv. 1.

Sola, sola! wo ha, ho! sola, sola!-Who calls?-Sola! did you see Master Lorenzo and Mistress Lorenzo? Sola, sola!-Leave hollaing, man: here.-Sola! where? where?-Mer. of V., v. I.

Sit down, Kate, and welcome. Soud, soud, soud, soud! [to denote fatigue, heat, and impatience. Shakespeare, like his great rival in comedy-writing, Molière, took the pains to invent and write down such kind of expressive interjections].-Tam. of S., iv. 1. In the following passage our dramatist has employed interjections descriptively, with excellent effect :

He would manage you his piece thus: and he would about, and about, and come you in, and come you in: "rah, tah, tah," would he say; "bounce," would he say; and away again.-2 H. IV., iii. 2.

Sometimes he gives interjections used avertively or deprecatingly :--Ah, let be, let be! thou art the armourer of my heart.-Ant. & C., iv. 4.

From the mire of this (save reverence) love.—R. & Jul., i. 4.

And which gifts (saving your mincing) the capacity.-H. VIII., ii. 3.

The fiend, who, saving your reverence, is the devil himself.-Mer. of V., ii. 2.

Such a one as a man may not speak of, without he say sir-reverence [an old corrupted form of save reverence '].-Com. of E., iii. 2.