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ACT OF CONGRESS RECOGNIZING THE STATE OF OHIO 1803.

An act to provide for the due execution of the laws of the United States within the State of Ohio.

Whereas the people of the eastern division of the territory northwest of the river Ohio did, on the twenty-ninth day of November, one thousand eight hundred and two, form for themselves a constitution and State government, and did give to the said State the name of the "State of Ohio," in pursuance of an act of Congress entitled "An act to enable the people of the eastern division of the territory northwest of the Ohio to form a constitution and State government, and for the admission of such State into the Union on an equal footing with the original States, and for other purposes," whereby the said State has become one of the United States of America; in order, therefore, to provide for the due execution of the laws of the United States within the said State of Ohio

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SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That all the laws of the United States which are not locally inapplicable shall have the same force and effect within the said State of Ohio as elsewhere within the United States.

SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That the said State shall be one district and be called the Ohio district, and a district court shall be held therein, to consist of one judge, who shall reside in the said district, and be called a district judge. He shall hold at the seat of government of the said State three sessions annually; the first to commence on the first Monday in June next, and the two other sessions progressively on the like Monday of every fourth calendar month afterwards, and he shall, in all things, have and exercise the same jurisdiction and powers which are by law given to the judge of the Kentucky district; he shall appoint a clerk for the said district, who shall reside and keep the records of the court at the place of holding the same, and shall receive for the services performed by him the fees to which the clerk of the Kentucky district is entitled for similar services.

SEC. 3. And be it further enacted, That there shall be al

lowed to the judge of the said district court the annual compensation of one thousand dollars, to commence from the date of his appointment, to be paid quarter-yearly at the Treasury of the United States.

SEC. 4. And be it further enacted, That there shall be appointed in the said district a person learned in the law to act as attorney for the United States, who shall, in addition to his stated fees, be paid by the United States two hundred dollars annually, as a full compensation for all extra services.

SEC. 5. And be it further enacted, That a marshal shall be appointed for the said district, who shall perform the same. duties, be subject to the same regulations and penalties, and be entitled to the same fees as are prescribed to marshals in other districts, and shall moreover be entitled to the sum of two hundred dollars annually, as a compensation for all extra services. Approved February 19, 1893.

REPORT OF FIELD WORK

CARRIED ON IN THE MUSKINGUM, SCIOTO AND OHIO VALLEYS DURING THE SEASON OF 1896, BY WARREN KING Moorehead, in charge OF EXPLORATIONS.

PREFACE.

It is interesting to note that as general archæology progresses in the United States, men are more inclined to confine their observations to special or limited areas. A generation ago, before the Government, the Museums of our various cities and the Scientific and Historical Societies undertook large explorations, it was possible for one observer to cover the whole of the American field from the mouth of the St. Lawrence to Mexico. Later, as anthropologic science advanced, one essayed to write of the Mound Builders, another on the Cliff Dwellers and yet another upon the antiquities of Central America. To-day, scientists have so specialized that volumes may indeed be written upon the prehistoric remains of one river valley. This is the natural outcome of much study and investigation. What is true of every other science is also true of that most important branch of Anthropology-prehistoric archæology. In the past it was sufficient to briefly describe our mounds and earthworks, give their measurements, enlarge upon their supposed character and purpose, etc. Most of our archæologists in this modern age follow the natural history method, which, by the way, is by far the safest and most satisfactory, and study every little pottery fragment, flint implement, bit of shell or worked tool as carefully and persistently as does the paleontologist his fossil. With them, it is not so much the prettiest and most perfect specimen, but all the specimens which tell the story. A mound is explored by them, not for what it contains, but because something may be learned from its examination. The rude hammer stone*-an

* In this connection, Archæologist J. D. McGuire well remarks: "The hammer is homely at best, and is less sought for by collectors, but from an archæological standpoint the hammer tells us more of ancient times than does the celt."

object of contempt among ill-trained collectors of only fantastic objects, the arrow head, the pottery sherd and the bones from the mound are religiously placed by themselves in one of the museum-trays. Finds, poor though they may be, from other mounds are similarly treated, and in the museum do they study the mounds of the whole valley and compare the testimony with that of another.

Our Society must carry on this detailed, local work, if it would cover the State thoroughly and obtain the most satisfactory results.

Indeed, our work done otherwise, fails to extend archæologic knowledge and will surely bring upon our heads the condemnation of future generations. During the season described in this report our party constantly bore in mind the importance of local work and endeavored to make thorough the exploration of each section visited.

To Mr. Walter O'Kane I am indebted for assistance during the trip down the Muskingum from its source to McConnelsville. Mr. O'Kane acted as photographer and also rendered valuable services in directing the laborers at Coshocton and Duncan's Falls.

Mr. Clarence Loveberry accompanied me through Brush Creek Valley, along the Ohio River to Portsmouth and up the Scioto to Richmondale. Having had three summers' experience in the field, Mr. Loveberry took charge of the men in my absence. I am especially indebted to him for the exploration of the Harness Mound (which was carried on largely under his supervision) and for assistance in Perry County and at the Great Stone Mound of the Reservoir.

I desire to thank Mr. Clinton Cowen, C. E., of Cincinnati, for ground plans and surveys of the works on the Scioto and along the Ohio. Mr. Cowen was with our party two weeks.

To the following ladies and gentlemen, the Ohio Archæological and Historical Society, the Ohio State University and our survey are indebted for permission to excavate upon their lands,' for personal courtesies and for information as to mounds, etc., to be located upon the State map:

Mr. Alderman, McConnelsville.
Mr. C. Ackerwood, Dresden.
Mr. F. E. Bingman, Jackson.
Mr. T. M. Bright, Chagrin Falls.
Mr. William Beaumont, Alexandria.

Mr. W. S. Bradshaw, Hanging Rock.
Gen. R. Brinkerhoff, Mansfield.

S. H. Binkley, Alexandersville.

Mr. G. F.Bareis, Canal Winchester.
Mr. Briggs, Portsmouth.

Mr. J. W. Barger, Waverly.
Mr. William Briggs, Fields.
Mr. Owen Brown, Thornville.
Mr. R. L. Condon, Omega.
Mr. J. C. Corwin, Waverly.
Mr. Austin Cooprighter, Glenford.
Messrs. Davis Bros., Diamond.

Mr. Flory, Newport.

Mr. J. V. Farver, Millersport.

Mr. Finley, North Liberty.
Mr. Feurt, Portsmouth.
Major Foster, Higsby.

Mr. A. C. Francisco, Akron.
Mr. Gamble, Walhonding.
Miss Hunter, Brink Haven.

Mr. E. Hyde, Lancaster.

Mr. Higby, Higby's.

Messrs. Harness, Richmondale.

Mr. H. Hope, Paint.

Mr. W. C. Hampton, Mt. Victory.

Mr. R. E. Hills, Delaware.

Mr. J. H. Johnson, South Portsmouth, Ky.

Mr. Johnson, Coshocton.

Mr. E. H. Moore, Athens.

Mr. G. F. Manning, Coshocton.

Mr. Wm. McCormack, Youngsville.

Dr. A. J. Marks, Toledo.

Mr. Monteath, Concord, Ky.

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