A

HISTORY OF THE WORLD

FROM THE

EARLIEST RECORDS TO THE PRESENT TIME.

BY

PHILIP SMITH, B.A.,

ONE OF THE PRINCIPAL CONTRIBUTORS TO THE DICTIONARIES OF GREEK AND ROMAN
ANTIQUITIES, BIOGRAPHY, AND GEOGRAPHY.

VOL. II.

ANCIENT HISTORY.

FROM THE ACCESSION OF PHILIP OF MACEDON TO THE ROMAN
CONQUEST OF CARTHAGE AND ASIA.

Ellustrated by Maps and Plans.

LONDON:

WALTON AND MABERLY,

UPPER GOWER STREET, & IVY LANE, PATERNOSTER ROW.

CONTENTS.

BOOK IV.

THE MACEDONIAN EMPIRE AND RISE OF THE HELLENISTIC

KINGDOMS.

FROM THE ACCESSION OF PHILIP TO THE ACCESSION OF ANTIOCHUS SOTER.

B.C. 359 TO B.C. 280.

CHAPTER XV.

PHILIP OF MACEDON.-B.C. 359 TO B. C. 336.

Accession of Philip His first successes-The Macedonian monarchy-Education

and character of Philip-His relations to Athens-Capture of Amphipolis

and Pydna-The Social War-The Sacred War-The Amphictyons-Philip

in Thessaly-Stopped at Thermopyla by the Athenians-Sparta and Megalo-

polis-Demosthenes-The First Philippic-Peace party at Athens-Phocion

—The Olynthian war-Eschines-Peace between Athens and Philip—End of

the Sacred War-Demosthenes and Isocrates on the Peace-Progress of

Philip-New war with Athens-Philip in Scythia-The Locrian War-

Philip general of the Amphictyons-Capture of Elatea-Alliance of Thebes

and Athens-Battle of Charonea-Death of Isocrates-Demosthenes "on

the Crown"-Philip general of the Greeks for the Persian War-Death of

Philip

CHAPTER XVI. :

:

PAGE

1-31

THE CONQUESTS OF ALEXANDER.-B.C. 336 TO B.C. 323.

Accession of Alexander-His character and education-His early public life-

Quarrel with his father, and outward reconciliation-State of Greece at his

accession-Second congress of Corinth-Alexander and Diogenes-Cam-

paigns in Illyria and Thrace-Revolt of Thebes and Athens-Destruction

of Thebes-Submission of Athens-State of the Persian empire rebellions

and dissolution-Greek mercenaries-Bagoas, Mentor, and Memnon-Re-

conquest of Cyprus, Phoenicia, and Egypt-Accession of Darius Codomannus

-Events preceding the invasion-State of feeling in Greece-Policy of De-

mosthenes-True view of Alexander's conquest-Constitution of the Mace-

donian army-Antipater left as regent of Macedonia-Small force of Alexander

-His departure from Pella, and rendezvous at Sestos-Alexander at Troy-

Battle of the Granicus-Conquest of Asia Minor-Siege of Halicarnassus-

Death of Memnon-The Gordian knot-Battle of Issus-Capture of Tyre

and Gaza-Conquest of Egypt-Visit to the oracle of Ammon-Foundation

● of Alexandria-Alexander passes the Euphrates-Battle of Arbela—Alex-

ander at Persepolis-Death of Darius-March into Hyrcania, Drangiana,

and Bactria-Death of Philotas-Alexander crosses the Paropamnisus and

Oxus-Reaches the Jaxartes-Conquers Sogdiana-Murder of Clitus-

Marries Roxana- Death of Calisthenes-Invasion of India-Defeat of Porus

-Alexander is compelled to turn back from the Hyphasis-Voyage down

the Hydaspes and Indus-Voyage of Nearchus to the Persian Gulf-March

through the Desert of Gedrosia-Return to Susa-Alexander marries the

daughter of Darius-Other intermarriages with Persians-Mutiny of the

army-Death of Hephaestion-Alexander at Babylon- His vast schemes---

His death

VOL. II.

32-81

CHAPTER XVII.

DIVISION OF ALEXANDER'S EMPIRE. FROM THE DEATH OF ALEXANDER

TO THE ACCESSION OF ANTIOCHUS SOTER.-B. C. 322 TO B.C. 280.

Settlement of the kingdom on Philip Aridæus-Perdiccas regent-Division of

the provinces-The Diadochi-Funeral of Alexander-Birth of Alexander

Egus-The Lamian war-Perdiccas and Eumenes, Antipater and Olympias

-Death of Perdiccas-New partition of the Provinces-War of Eumenes

with Antigonus-Death of Eumenes-Murder of Philip Aridæus- Cassander

master of Greece, Antigonus of Asia-Coalition against Antigonus-Deme-

trius Poliorcetes-Battle of Gaza-General pacification-Murder of Alexan-

der Ægus-Renewal of the war- -Ptolemy in Greece-Battle of Salamis in

Cyprus-The generals become kings-Siege of Rhodes-Demetrius in Greece

-Successes of Seleucus Nicator-New coalition again Antigonus-Battle of

Ipsus-The Hellenistic kingdoms-Syria-Egypt-Pergamus-Bactria

CHAPTER XVIII.

LAST YEARS OF LIBERTY IN GREECE.

PAGE

82-92

FROM THE EXPEDITION OF ALEXANDER

TO THE RISE OF THE ACHEAN LEAGUE.-B.C. 334 TO B.C. 280.

Condition of Greece at Alexander's departure-Athens and Sparta-Movements

of Agis-His defeat and death-Eschines and Demosthenes- Affair of Har-

palus-Exile of Demosthenes-Alexander's edict for restoring the exiles

-Effect of Alexander's death-The Lamian war-Victory of Antipater-

Deaths of Hyperides, Demosthenes, and Demades-Polysperchon-Pro-

clamation of Greek liberty-Death of Phocion-Cassander master of Athens

-Demetrius the Phalerean-Cassander in Peloponnesus- Fortification of

Sparta-Affairs of Macedonia-Restoration of Thebes-Successes of Anti-

gonus in Greece-General pacification-Cassander master of Macedonia and

Greece-Demetrius Poliorcetes at Athens-His second visit-Successful

war with Cassander-Recal to Asia, and return to Greece-Repulse from

Athens-Death of Cassander-Philip III., Antipater, and Alexander—

Demetrius Poliorcetes takes Athens-King of Macedonia-His wars in

Greece With Pyrrhus and Lysimachus-His flight to Asia, imprisonment

and death-Expulsion of Pyrrhus by Lysimachus-Anarchy in Macedonia-

Antigonus Gonatas and his dynasty-Death of Lysimachus-Pyrrhus in

Italy-Irruption of the Gauls-Rise of the Ætolian and Achæan leagues-

Connection of Greece with the West-Sicilian and Italian Greeks-Aga-

thocles-Literature and art during the Macedonian period-Schools of

philosophy.

93-128

BOOK V.

ITALY AND THE RISE OF THE ROMAN STATE.

FROM THE EARLIEST ACCOUNTS TO THE SUBJUGATION OF ITALY BY ROME,

IN B.C. 264.

CHAPTER XIX.

ITALY AND ITS PRIMITIVE POPULATIONS.

Rome and her empire-Its relation to Italy-Description of the Peninsula-The

Alps and Apennines-Comparison with Greece-Natural unity of Italy-Its

primitive inhabitants-Its three chief stocks--The Iapygian race-The

Italian race-Its two divisions, Latin and Sabellian-The Etruscans-Their

country-Their origin-Tyrrhenians and Rasenna-The Etruscan language

-Their early power by land and sea--)
--Relations to Greece and Carthage-