The remaining tenfes of this mood are, in every refpect, fimilar to the correspondent tenfes of the Indicative mood. See pages 90, 102, and the notes under the nineteenth rule of fyntax.

SECT. 7. The auxiliary Verbs conjugated in their fimple form; with obfervations on their peculiar nature and force.

THE learner will perceive that the preceding auxiliary verbs, to have and to be, could not be conjugated through all the moods and tenfes, without the help of other auxiliary verbs; namely, may, can, will, shall, and their variations.

That auxiliary verbs, in their simple state, and unaffisted by others, are of a very limited extent, and chiefly useful from the aid which they afford in conjugating the principal verbs, will clearly appear to the scholar, by a distinct conjugation of each of them, uncombined with any other. They are exhibited for his inspection; not to be committed to memory.

Prefent. Being.

Sing. 1. I fhall.*

Plur. 1. We fhall.

Sing. 1. I fhould.

2. Thou shouldft. 3. He fhould.

Plur. 1. Wefhould. 2. Yeor you fhould. 3. They fhould.

Shall is here properly used in the prefent tenfe, having the fame analogy to fould that can has to could, may to might, and will to would.

The verbs have, be, will, and do, when they are unconnected with a principal verb, expressed or understood, are not auxiliaries, but principal verbs: as, "We have enough;" "I am grateful;" "He wills it to be fo;" "They do as they please." In this view, they also have their auxiliaries: as, "I shall have enough;" "I will be grateful," &c.

The peculiar force of the feveral auxiliaries will appear from the following account of them.

Do and did mark the action itself, or the time of it, with greater energy and pofitiveness: as, "I do fpeak truth;" "I did refpect him;" "Here am I, for thou didst call me." They are of great use in negative fentences: as, “I do not fear;" "I did not write. They are almost univerfally employed in afking queftions: as, "Does he learn?" Did he not write?" They fometimes alfo fupply the place of another verb, and make the repetition of it, in the fame or a fubfequent fentence, unneceffary: as, "You attend not to your studies as he does;" (i. e. as he I

attends, &c.) "I fhall come if I can; but if I do not, please to excufe me;" (i. e. if I come not.)

Let not only expreffes permiffion, but entreating, exhorting, commanding : as, "Let us know the truth;" "Let me die the death of the righteous;" "Let not thy heart be too much elated with fuccefs;" "Let thy inclination fubmit to thy duty."

May and might express the poffibility or liberty of doing a thing; can and could, the power: as, "It may rain ;' "I may write or read ;" "He might have improved more than he has ;" "He can write much better than he could last year."

Muft is fometimes called in for a helper, and denotes neceffity: as, "We must speak the truth, whenever we do fpeak, and we must not prevaricate."

Will, in the first perfon fingular and plural, intimates refolution and promifing; in the fecond and third perfon, only foretels: as, "I will reward the good, and will punish the wicked;" "We will remember benefits, and be grateful;" "Thou wilt, or he will, repent of that folly;" "You or they will have a pleasant walk."

Shall, on the contrary, in the first perfon, fimply foretels; in the fecond and third perfons, promifes, commands, or threatens as, "I fhall go abroad;" "We fhall dine at home;" "Thou fhalt, or you fhall, inherit the land ;” "Ye shall do juftice, and love mercy," "They fhall account for their misconduct." The following paffage is not tranflated according to the diftinct and proper meanings of the words ball and will: "Surely goodness and mercy shall follow me all the days of my life; and I will dwell in the house of the Lord for ever;" it ought to be, "Will follow me," and "1 Shall dwell."

These observations refpecting the import of the verbs will and shall, must be understood of explicative fentences; for when the sentence is interrogative, juft the reverse, for the most part, takes place: thus, "I shall go; you will go;" exprefs event only: but, "will you go?" imports