136

137

τὰ ὕψη -is a Semitic word, and thus we can trace Phoenician settlements in the island of Samos, in Samothrace, in Cephallenia, which was formerly called Same, and in Elis at Samicon. Further, if we care to look for indirect evidence, we can find it in Byblus, or "papyrus island," which Stephanus tells us was the original name of Melos; in Side and Cyparissus, names derived from Semitic words, and representing trees of Phoenician importation; in Porphyrusa, the old name of Cythera, from their purple trade; and in the harbour of Phoenicûs in the same island, and similar names. If we look to the Greek colonies we shall find others. Adramyttium in Mysia is the same name as Hadrumetum in Africa; Lampsacus means on the passage;" Lilybæum is "opposite Libya;" Catana is the "little city;" and more might be added.

139

138

names in

Greece.

Finally, the names of places furnish us with a Ancient proof that, whatever new elements have been intro- modern duced into the population of Greece between ancient and modern times, a certain part of the inhabitants have been Hellenic all along. Were this not the case, it would be almost impossible to account for the permanence in the same locality of such names as Corinth, Patræ, Epidaurus, Argos, and Methone, either exactly in their old form or slightly changed in the course of ages. In other instances we find that a

136 viii. 3, § 19.
138 Olshausen, p. 322.

137

8. v. Melos.
139 See Curtius, Pel. i. 88.

name has been transferred in consequence of a migration of the inhabitants to a neighbouring site, as in Corone, which we have already noticed, and Calamæ in Messenia, which is reproduced in Calamata; or that it exists in some neighbouring village, as Cleitor in the village of Clituras, and Pheneus in that of Phonia. Some ancient names also appear differently applied, and in different places from what they were originally; thus, the town, which in classical times was called Cyparissiæ, is now called Arcadia; and the name of Mantineia now belongs to a place on the east of the Messenian gulf. And, in many places which have long been deserted, traces of the classical name are found still clinging to the spot: so the Hieron of Esculapius, near Epidaurus, is still called Hiero; the site of Cenchrea is called Cechries; that of Leuctra is now Leftra; Cardamyla on the Messenian gulf is Scardamyla; and the promontory of Scyllæum is Skyli. In all these instances there is no suspicion of a subsequent colonisation having taken place, or of the name having been reintroduced at a later period.