proper officers, and provide for the punishment of the person or persons causing or suffering the same, and to assess the expenses of its removal against such person or persons, and to provide for collecting such expenses either by causing them to be placed on the tax duplicate or by suit.

Eighth. To regulate or prohibit the use of hand-organs or other annoying instruments of any character, or other music of itinerant performers, in the streets, alleys or public places of the city.

Ninth. To authorize the cleansing and purification of water and water courses by the board of public works, or other designated authority; to prevent encroachment or injury to the banks of streams, or the casting into the same of offal, dead animals, logs, rubbish, dirt or impure liquids. For the purpose of this clause, jurisdiction is hereby conferred upon cities for ten miles from the corporate limits thereof.

Tenth. To regulate the location and management of starch factories, glue factories, renderies, tallow chandleries, bone factories, soap factories, tanneries, foundries, slaughterhouses, breweries, distilleries, livery stables, and all other establishments of which the business or trade may become noxious or injurious to public comfort or health; and to prohibit the erection of such buildings or the continuance therein of such noxious or injurious occupations whenever the public comfort or health may require it. For the purpose of this clause such city is given jurisdiction for four miles from the corporate limits thereof.

Eleventh. To prevent or regulate the use of fire-arms, fire-works, bonfires or other things or practices tending to endanger persons or property. Twelfth. To regulate and prohibit the running at large of fowls or animals of any kind; and to authorize the impounding, keeping, sale and redemption of the same when found in violation of the ordinances in relation thereto.

Cities may enact ordinances requiring the owners of dogs to muzzle the same or keep them on their own premises, and may authorize the mayor to issue a proclamation when he deems it best that dogs should be muzzled or confined, and dogs found at large in violation of such ordinances may be killed. Walker v. Towle, 156 Ind. 639. Thirteenth. To prevent the deposit of any unwholesome substance, either on private or public property, and compel its removal to designated points; and to require slops, garbage, ashes and other waste or unwholesome materials to be removed to designated points, or to require occupants of premises to place them conveniently for removal; also to provide for the destruction of such substances, or their use for some beneficial purpose. For the purposes of this clause, jurisdiction is given such city four miles from the corporate limits thereof.

Fourteenth. To compel the occupants of any premises, buildings or outhouses, when the same have become filthy or unwholesome, to abate or cleanse the same, and to authorize such cleansing to be done by the proper public officers and to assess the expense thereof, against, and collect such expense from, the occupant or owner, or to impose a lien on such property for such expense and place the same on the tax duplicate for collection or to collect the same by foreclosure of such lien. For

the purposes of this clause such city is given jurisidction for four miles. beyond the corporate limits thereof.

Fifteenth. To regulate or prevent the storage of gunpowder, tar, pitch, resin, coal oil, benzine, turpentine, hemp, hay, straw, cotton, nitroglycerine, dynamite, giant powder, petroleum, gasoline, gas or any product thereof, or any other explosive or combustible material or other material which may be deemed dangerous.

Sixteenth. To regulate the location and management of cemeteries or burial places, within or without such city, and to protect the same and provide for the sancity of the dead; to regulate or prohibit the interment of bodies; and to authorize the removal of bodies now or hereafter buried, or of cemeteries, to some other proper place. For these purposes such city shall have jurisdiction for four miles from the city limits.

Seventeenth. To establish quarantine regulations, and to authorize the removal or confinement of persons having infectious or contagious diseases. For the purposes of this clause jurisdiction is given such city for four miles from the corporate limits thereof.

Eighteenth. To regulate and require reports and records of births and deaths, and to make such requirements as may be deemed necessary to prevent the spread of contagious or infectious diseases; and to make all regulations that may be deemed expedient for the promotion of health and the suppression of disease.

Nineteenth. To regulate or prohibit the ringing of bells, crying of goods or sounding of steam whistles.

Twentieth. To direct the location and regulate the management of all public markets and market places, whether established by the city or by private individuals. To prevent the offenses of regrating and forestalling.

Twenty-first. To authorize and require the inspection, and condemnation, if unwholesome, and to regulate the sale of meat, poultry, fish, butter, oleomargarine, cheese, lard, vegetables and all other food or provisions.

Twenty-second. To regulate the selling, weighing and measuring of hay, wood, coal, coke and all other articles sold by weight or measure; to require dealers to keep honest weights and measures and to provide for inspection of such weights and measures.

Twenty-third. To authorize and require the inspection and licensing of steam boilers and elevators, and to prohibit their use when unsafe or dangerous or when used without license; and to license and regulate stationary engineers.

Twenty-fourth. To define fire limits in such city, and the character of buildings which are forbidden to be erected within such limits; to prohibit the erection of buildings in such city without a license first obtained therefor; to limit the height to which buildings may be erected in the city, or in any locality or on any street thereof; to regulate the construction of buildings, as to foundations, walls, roofs, doors, windows and floors, so as to secure safety in the structure and also so as to prevent the spread of fire; to authorize and require the inspection of buildings

and structures erected or to be erected, or in the process of erection; to authorize the license for the erection of any building to be revoked, and the condemnation of such building or of any building already erected, in whole or in part, either by ordinance fixing the method of such condemnation, or by appropriate action in the name of such city, to be brought in any court of competent jurisdiction, whenever, in the opinion of the board of public works or other proper authority, such building is dangerous or insecure, or constructed in violation of the terms of any ordinance, and to require such building to be taken down within a specified time by the owner, or, in default thereof, to authorize the same to be taken down at the owner's expense, or, in case of emergency, to authorize the same to be taken down at such owner's expense by the board of public works or other proper authority, without delaying for the owner to do so. Twenty-fifth. To compel persons about to undertake dangerous improvements to execute bonds, with sufficient surety, conditioned that the owner or contractor will pay all damages that may be sustained by any person from such work.

Twenty-sixth. To regulate the construction of chimneys, smoke-stacks, hearths and ovens, the erection of stoves and stove-pipes, boilers and apparatus used in buildings or other places, and cause the same to be removed and made secure when considered dangerous; to authorize the chief of the fire force or his assistants, the mayor, members of the board of public safety or other designated officers or agents of any such city, at all reasonable hours, to enter into and examine all dwellings, outhouses, lots and yards in such city, and to inspect all places where fire is used or is liable to occur, and to take all necessary means to prevent danger therefrom; to compel owners and occupants of houses and other buildings to make scuttles in the roofs thereof; with stairs or ladders. reaching to the same, and to compel the erection of fire escapes. Also to require and regulate the use of smoke consumers.

Twenty-seventh. To authorize and require the inspection of gas pipes, water pipes, plumbing, drainage, sewers and electric lines or wires, on private property or elsewhere; and to compel them to be repaired or made secure by the owners or occupants of the buildings with which they are connected, and, on failure of any such owner or occupant so to do, to authorize or require the gas or electric current and other connections to be shut off until such repairs are made; and to authorize the appointment of inspectors to compel compliance with such requirements.

Twenty-eighth. To regulate or prohibit the keeping of any lumber yard and the placing or piling of any lumber, wood, straw, hay or other combustible material within the fire limits of the city or at any other place, or in such quantities as to become dangerous to persons or property.

Twenty-ninth. To establish and maintain a wharf or wharves, control and regulate the same, to fix the rates of wharfage and enforce the collection of the same, to regulate the landing of boats and watercraft, and the loading or unloading thereof, and to prohibit or regulate the dumping of material upon the bank of or in any river, and to prevent the obstruc

tion of any stream; also to authorize the mayor to appoint a wharf master, to serve during the pleasure of the mayor, and to fix the bond and salary of such wharf master and define his duties.

Thirtieth. To require the owners of real estate to cut and remove weeds and other rank vegetation growing thereon; and, on default of such owners to do such work, to cause the same to be done by the city and make the cost thereof a lien on such real estate and provide for the enforcement of such lien and the collection of such cost.

Thirty-first. To prevent immoderate and careless riding or driving. To regulate the use of streets and alleys by vehicles, and to designate the kind of conveyance and vehicles that may not be used on certain named streets that have been improved, and designate hours for the use of such streets by certain specified classes of vehicles. To prevent the encumbering of streets, alleys, squares, sidewalks and crossings with buildings, fences or other structures, vehicles, horses or any substance or material whatever interfering with the free use of the same, and to compel the removal of any such obstructions. To regulate the speed of horses, wheeled and other vehicles, cars and locomotives. To regulate and protect all bridges, culverts, tunnels, viaducts, aqueducts, sewers, canals and hydrants, wholly or partly in such city; and to prohibit digging in such streets, alleys or public places, or in any way injuring, disturbing or making holes in the surface thereof. To regulate the use of sidewalks and prohibit the use of vehicles thereon, and regulate all structures in, under or over the same; and to require the owner or occupant of premises to keep the sidewalks in front of the same free from snow and other obstructions, and to prescribe hours for cleaning the same. To regulate and prevent the throwing or depositing of sweepings, dust, ashes, offal, dirt, garbage, paper, hand bills, slops, liquids or any other materials into any streets, alleys or public places. To regulate and prevent the use of streets, sidewalks and public places for signs, sign posts, awning, posts, poles, horse troughs, scales, steps, railings, entrances or racks; or for posting hand bills and advertisements; or for the placing or piling of goods, boxes or other materials, or the display of goods, wares and merchandise. To regulate and prohibit the exhibition or carrying of banners, placards, advertisements or hand bills on the streets, alleys, or public places. To regulate and prevent the flying of flags, banners or signs across the streets, or from houses or other buildings. To regulate the numbering of houses and lots, and to compel the owners to renumber the same, or, in default thereof, to authorize and require the same to be done by the board of public works or other proper authority at the owner's expense, such expense to constitute a lien upon the property which shall be enforcible as may be provided by ordinance. To name or change the name of any street or park. To regulate the making of private connections with sewers, gas, water and other like pipes and public conveniences, and to compel owners of property to bring such connections inside the curbs of streets before the permanent improvement thereof; and, on default of the owner's making such connections, to authorize the proper city officials to do so at the owner's expense, and

to make such expense a lien on the property, collectible in the same manner as expenses for other street and sewer improvements; and to authorize the appointment and fix the compensation of a street commissioner or other necessary officers and assistants to keep all streets and alleys clean and free from obstructions to public travel, such street commissioner and other officers in cities of the first, second, third and fourth classes to be appointed by and subject to the direction of the board of public works, and, in cities of the fifth class, to be appointed by the mayor and be subject to the orders of the common council.

See section 1719 as to the power of cities and towns to prevent the obstruction of streets.

Thirty-second. To regulate, tax and license coaches, hacks, drays, automobiles and all other vehicles.

Cities may impose a license tax on vehicles used upon the streets of the city. City of Terre Haute v. Kersey, 159 Ind. 300; Hogan v. City of Indianapolis, 159 Ind. 523.

Cities can not prohibit the running of traction engines upon the streets and alleys of the city. Bogue v. Bennett, 156 Ind. 478.

Thirty-third. To regulate, license, tax, restrain or prohibit theatrical and all other exhibitions, shows or entertainments.

Thirty-fourth. To license, tax, regulate or prohibit runners at railroad stations and stations for boats, cars, stages, and other means of transportation, or at public houses or other public places.

Thirty-fifth. To regulate the sale of all kinds of property at auction, in the streets, stores, shops or elsewhere in the city, and to license auctioneers.

Thirty-sixth. To license and regulate the supply, distribution and consumption of artificial and natural gas, electricity, heat and water, and to fix by contract or franchise, the prices thereof, and to regulate the laying of mains and pipes and stringing of wires, and designate the streets and alleys through which the same shall be laid and maintained; and to compel the performance of contracts for the extension of such mains, pipes and electric lines and the supply of gas, heat, water and electricity upon any street.

A city can not contract with a water company that the city will take a large amount of water for a long period of years at a fixed price, the rental to be paid to the bondholders of the company, and pledge the taxing power of the city for the payment of such rentals. Scott v. City of Laporte, 162 Ind. 34.

Thirty-seventh. To license, tax, regulate, suppress and prohibit hawkers and itinerant dealers, peddlers and pawnbrokers, and to revoke any such license.

Thirty-eighth. To license, tax and regulate public hackmen, draymen, omnibus drivers, carters, cabmen, porters, expressmen, bill posters and all other persons pursuing like occupations for pay or hire, and to prescribe their compensation, and revoke any license for violation of such ordinance.

Thirty-ninth. To license, tax and regulate or prohibit all inns, taverns, hotels, restaurants or other places used or kept for public entertainment.