by the authority of Scripture, and by the experience of mankind, bearing witness to the advantages which it produces, and to the evils which attend their separation. Madden's Travels in Turkey, Egypt, and Nubia, &c. 2 vols. Mr. MADDEN is not a learned or scientific traveller; he has not the knowledge of Clarke, or the science of Humboldt; he is not a painter, a scholar, a geologist, a statist, or botanist; but he is a very observing, sensible man, and gives us an account of what he has seen with good taste and good feeling. Sometimes he is superficial, but never dull; and if sometimes we regret that his observations and inquiries are not more profound, we at least always acknowledge that entertainment and instruction are to be found in his pages. Mr. Madden's Travels open with a description of the slave markets at Constantinople. He is surprised at what has often struck us with astonishment, how the Turks manage to main tain their numerous harems. There is seldom want of luxury or loveliness in them; yet a pipe-maker, whose whole stock is not worth 60 dollars, will give 300 for a Sciote girl, and clothe six times as many women as would send a mechanic in England to the workhouse. Franks are not permitted to enter the slave bazaar, but Mr. Madden got entrance as a hakkem, or doctor. The Greek and Georgian girls are in the galleries; the black women of Sennaar, and the copper-coloured beauties of Abyssinia, below. The last are remarkable for their elegance and symmetry, and sell for 301., while a black will not fetch 16l. The account of the Turkish courtships, and the interior of the Harem, is very amusing. Turkish ladies (joy be to their husbands!) never learn to write. They are wooed therefore by signs. A clove stuck into an embroidered handkerchief is the commencement of courtship. When married, the Turkish ladies are much honoured by being permitted to wait on their husbands, and, like our English ladies, feel great pleasure resulting therefrom. One brings rose water to perfume his beard-another bears a looking glass, with a motherof-pearl handle-another carries an embroidered napkin-and all stand before him as he eats; and when he has done, they begin; and show their good breeding and high finish, by only eating with the finger and thumb. Then come sweetmeats, and bottles of rosoglio, of which the Turkish ladies will take four glasses in ten minutes. Then, when the ladies have drunk enough, they hand their master's coffee, and shampoo his feet for hours together, which is beyond all doubt the greatest and highest pleasure earth affords. They then take their spinets, and play, or show their new silk gowns, and then the handkerchief is thrown; and so, good night! The conversation of the harem, Mr. Madden says, is generally on the same topics as those on which ladies in other places discourse, only a little regulated by local circumstances. Scandal,' that sweetens English tea, does the same kind office to Turkish coffee. Who was seen showing her face in the street?-who worked a purse for a stranger?-who was thrown into the Bosphorus on the preceding night?-whether to-morrow they will ride in their coach drawn by cows, or row in their gay cacique? This is the discourse that sweetens life on the shores of the Bosphorus. Having thus taken a glimpse of the amusements of the ladies, let us now see how a Turkish gentleman passes the day, and how far he conjugates the verb s'ennuyer - differently from us Franks. "The grandee perambulates with an amber rosary dangling from his waist; he looks neither to the right or left. The corpse of a Rayah attracts not his attention; the head of a slaughtered Greek he passes by unnoticed. He causes the trembling Jew to retire at his approach; he only shuffles the unweary Frank who goes along and it is too troublesome to kick him. He reaches the coffee-house The made the very best; in all probability, he gets a score of maledictions, not on himself, but his mother. A friend of the effendi enters, and after ten minutes' repose they salute and exchange salaams. A most interesting conversation is carried on by monosyllables, at half hour intervals. The grandee exhibits an English penknife. His friend examines it, back and blade, smokes another pipe, and exclaims God is great!' Pistols are next introduced-their value is an eternal theme; and no other discussion takes place, till an old Priest begins to expatiate on the temper of his sword. A learned Ulema at length talks of astronomy and politics, how the sun shines in the east and in the west, and everywhere he shines how he beams on the head of Mussul mans; how all the Padishaws of Europe pay tribute to the Sultan; and how the giaours of England are greater people than the giaours of France, because they make better penknives, and finer pistols. How the Dey of Algiers made a prisoner of the English admiral in the late engagement; and after destroying his fleet, consented to release him on his agreeing to pay an annual tribute. How the Christian ambassadors came like dogs to the footstool of the Sultan, to feed on his imperial bounty. After this edifying piece of history, the effendi takes his leave, with the pious ejaculation of Mashallah! 'Wonderful is God!' The waiter bows him out, overpowered with gratitude for the third part of an English farthing, and the proud effendi returns to his harem. He walks with becoming dignity along ; perhaps a merry-andrew playing off his buffooneries catches his eye, he looks, but his spirit smiles not, neither do his lips; his gravity is invincible; and he waddles onward like a porpoise cast ashore. It is evident that nature never meant him for a pedestrian animal, and that he looks with contempt on his locomotive organs?" This is all very interesting chit-chat, and the portraits are sketched with spirit and truth. We wish we had room for the author's account of the theriakis, or opium eaters, and his own experiment on that drug, more bewitching than That Nepenthe which the wife of Thone, In Egypt gave to Jove-born Helena. We need only add that the remainder of the volume, containing our author's travels in Egypt and Syria, is of equal interest. The Immortality of the Soul. IT appears that this Poem was read in the University of Edinburgh, having been successful in competition with others on the same subject, when the prize was awarded to it by Professor Wilson, whose knowledge of poetry no one will dispute. It is evidently the production of a young man of some poetical talents, but not of finished taste; and it is too plainly modelled, even to the cadence of its lines, and its expressions, on Campbell's Pleasures of Hope. Occasionally the author is betrayed into language which which a more experienced judgment wants precision and correctness, and will teach him to avoid, as The splashing brook, With mirth and beauty pictured in its look, Through the rent chasm beholds the sun-lit sky, And laughs and languishes like woman's eye. Such expressions also, as The lark monopolist of light and song. and 'The gentle-minded lilies'—and I sported round thy brimming marge, And loll'd among thy flowers. These, neither the learned Professor who gave the prize, nor any other person, can approve. Let Mr. Malloch strive to attain simplicity of expression, and clearness of thought, and propriety of imagery; and let him avoid the affected and swollen verbiage of the modern school of poetry, and we have no doubt that he will earn a name as great as his illustrious synonyme— the friend of Thomson and of Pope, who was called Mallet by his friends, Malloch by his relations, and Moloch We shall give a by his enemies. Sonnet at p. 9. Upon the verge of a thick-tangled wood, When all was brightness, and the sun rode high; By the knarl'd root of an old lime I stood, And in the silver light beneath me lay, - Of hoary piles, within whose mould'ring walls Rest all my fathers in the dead-still halls; (How calm they rest, within those halls of clay), And then I wish'd that I like them should be, Tomb'd near the spot of my nativity. Narrative of the Expedition to Portugal in 1832, under the orders of His Imperial Majesty Dom Pedro, Duke of Braganza. By G. Lloyd Hodges, esq. late Colonel in the service of His Imperial Majesty, &c. 2 vols. 8vo. map. THIS is the most important of the publications to which we referred in our notice of the Narrative of Captain Mins; and some account of it seems to us necessary to shew the public what has been done and said by our other countrymen, who have also acted a prominent part by land in aid of the young Queen of Portugal. When we think of this cause, we cannot help contrasting its fate with that of another queen, Maria Theresa, so prominent in Germany on the accession of George Ill. But, tempora mutantur, et nos, &c. Proceed we to the book. Capt. Mins, as a sailor, "speaks right on," however "the stormy winds do blow;" not so Col. Hodges, who has all the landsman's courtesy, but who, nevertheless, speaks as a soldier on the military facts, in a manner greatly corroborative of his brother of the sea. He seems to have avoided what we objected to in Mins, and to have anticipated our closing remark on the embarrassments of the cause. Yet, in a well-written preface, explaining his principles, Col. Hodges describes "selfish arts and intrigues which have so long retarded the hopes of the real friends of liberty;" and thus lets out an important secret on those embarrass ments. Of the outset of the expedition, having told it from Mins, we shall not notice minute additions, further than to say that this author is incorrect in supposing Sampayo, the Portuguese consul-general, to have been the rallying point against the expedition. If it had been so, he could have obtained its detention: and so as to the unhappy, ingenious Young, who was, as soon as he had tired the public with his model of the Inquisition, occupied in building the Orange theatre at Pimlico. We must also enter a caveat against a paragraph so early as at vol. i. p. 7, which we are sure Col. Hodges, from the candour he evinces elsewhere throughout his work, would himself desire corrected; it is this :-" In Porthe worst description, tyranny of the tugal, with few exceptions, factions of deepest dye, selfish ambition and mean intrigue, are mingled, as it were, in the palace to the convent; and are yet very blood of the inhabitants, from the traceable down to the cottage of the meanest peasant. These are the besetting sins," &c. To Col. Hodges, speaking of the court of Dom Pedro IV. and the convents, we are willing to give way; but as to the inhabitants generally, and, above all, the peasants, we must declare our veto, and say that Col. Hodges, with better power of pen than falls to the lot of many, has here fallen into the error so frequent in writers on Portugal, of forming strong conceptions from hasty glances, as the exorcists of old did of the spirits they raised-in imagination! A few old soldiers were obtained, but by far the majority of recruits, as we personally witnessed, was from the scum of London. Thus 400 only embarked of 1,200. To embark these, Col. Hodges, it seems, required great secresy and tact. He engaged as a spy a person employed by the Miguelites to inform him of the plans of the agents, which spy he describes to have before belonged to the Bow-street police and to that of Paris, which he was not, but had been provisionally employed by Junot in Lisbon. He also describes his own selection of Seven [Nine] Elms for embarkation in barges, which was the plan of the acute and experienced, as well as enterprizing officer who was to have been attached to Sartorius. He also mistook the Miguelite agent who watched him at the water-side, for an inspector of police. We only mention these errors because Col. Hodges says he is expected to be circumstantial: but he should be also correct; and other neglects of this quality deteriorate his facts. After many adventures, disorderly courses, loss of men, and consequent delay, the Edward transport sailed for Flushing on the 18th Dec. 1831, where, on their arrival, the men were not permitted by the Dutch authorities to land. At length, all rendezvoused at Belleisle, and Colonel Hodges proceeded to Paris, where the Emperor and his court then were. The Colonel here takes occasion to give characteristics of the Emperor and his ministers, evidently furnished by one who knew them, though tinctured by the opinions of the writer, who could not be Hodges, from the impossibility of his acquiring intimate knowledge at this period. He wondered at the cold reception he met with at his first audience of the Emperor, from not knowing that it is his Majesty's ordinary manner on all such occasions; and he gives a profusion of praise to Admiral Sartorius, of some parts of whose conduct he afterwards disapproves. Indeed, he immediately after laments that the Admiral had not something like an instructor with himand censures his choice of a secretary, in Lieutenant Boyd, to whom he imputes all the evils with which the Admiral has been charged. When Col. Hodges had arranged his land force with the Emperor, Sartorius disarranged it, and that force was considered, in subserviency to him, only as marines! At length came the note of preparation. On board the flag ship were the Emperor, Marquises of Loulée and Pal. mella, MM. Mouzhinho de Silveira, Jose Agostino Frere, Candido Xavier, D'Almeida (chamberlain), Count St. Leger de Bemposta, Tavares (physician), Padre Marcos (chaplain), Lasteyrie (grandson of Gen. Lafayette), and Bastos, capt. of Brazilian artillery. Colonel Hodges and his officers became quickly disgusted with the manners of the whole. Divine service was performed on board by the chaplain to the Emperor, Admiral Sartorius officiating for the English. The oath of allegiance was administered, colours given, and a manifesto was issued by the Emperor; and the fleet sailed, malgré the ordinary sailor's objection, on Good Friday, the 10th of February 1832. We must not be detained by dozens of pages of topography, adventures, and manners, and the savage virtues and vices displayed by Dom Pedro and his court, as well as the motley corps, from the landing at St. Michael's on the 22d of the following month; and, proceed with Col. Hodges on the 25th to Terceira, where he was kindly received by the governor, Villa Flor, and his lady. Here he found that his troops had been drunken, and behaved ill to the inhabitants. We must quote his enumeration of them :— "Strolling players, ballad singers, chimney sweepers, prize fighters, the wig dresser of his late majesty, attorney's clerks, medical students, painters, engravers, printers, poets;" the "mendici, mimi, balatrones," seem to have been the type of them! Nearly a hundred pages of really good matter follow before the fleet and troops are strangely ordered to rendezvous at St. Michael's. To mix with ours were French soldiers, "with the cross of the Legion of Honour and that of the Three Days." They were "efficiently embarked by Captain Rose, and arrived off Oporto on the 8th of July." Here, astonishing to say, Dom Pedro and his Court for the first time found, what every other intelligent person who really knew Portugal had long known, the country was not for him. Shouts of " Viva Dom Miguel primeiro, el Rei absoluto, met his emissaries. To their equal astonishment and that of all the world, they were permitted to land at some distance from Oporto, and proceeded to take possession of the city, to the discomfiture of the inhabitants on the way, and yet with small resistance! Colonel Hodges, his staff and the grenadier companies, were the first to land, followed by Capt. Shaw (an officer of whom too much can never be said), with the light company. That he made his dispositions well there is no reason to doubt; but he already begins to speak of them as a campaign, and thus spoils his own excellence. He had already spoken of a battle of Almarez in the Peninsular war, which was nothing more than the seizure of a téte du pont: the bridge was gallantly carried by the Portuguese, and thus did good service to the portion of the army that had to cross it; but the very Portuguese who carried it laugh at its being called a battle. Well, Oporto was evacuated, and Dom Pedro possessed it, and the political prisoners were let loose from the gaol. Why should Col. Hodges trouble himself by the subsequent as sassination of the hangman, "who resided for safety within its limits, ' when, if he had asked any body there, he would have been informed that he was a convicted murderer, who had only saved his own life by taking those of the preceding constitutionalists, no other Portuguese being to be found for the office at any time? He might have added that one convicted felon, not many years since, refused life on the alternative, and was actually executed! The just account of the meritorious private of the old German legion, now Colonel Swalbach, is excellent. Col. Hodges found in his quarter, the convent of San Lazaro, (vacated by the friars,) many fleas in July, but much good cheer. A new municipal government was formed, and a worthy Portuguese general (Cabreira), was appointed governor of Tras os Montes. Braga and Guimaraes, towards that quarter, were to be occupied ; but the Government "reckoned without its host." Meantime, the theatre of Oporto, long shut, was opened,-Dom Pedro became a constant visitor; many more pleasant things were done; but all the while Dom Miguel's forces were bearing down on the city they had so strangely evacuated, well informed by what Col. Hodges not inappropriately calls the gossipo-mania of the Court. On the 17th July (1832) the colonel was ordered by his General, Villa Flor, on a reconnoissance about Carvoeira (about sixteen miles south from the sea, on the north bank of the Douro). At every step the people were found "incorruptibly" loyal to their king, Miguel. The enemy appeared, and was bravely repelled. The constitutionalists suffered much,-burned one convent and plundered another, where, amongst all good things, were "Scottish and Irish whiskey and bottled porter!" and then retreated on Valonga, agreeably to order. That no other benefit arose is imputed to "imperial meddling." Another reconnoissance turned into a sharp action, in which the Portuguese largely joined, and the Emperor was present, meddled as usual, and praised his countrymen much more than his auxiliaries. This affair, while it does credit to the courage and activity of the Colonel, is wrongly called a battle, while all such importance of GENT. MAG. VOL. I. description is given to the movement of a few hundred men. Yet he blames the government of Oporto for preparing to embark, and Dom Pedro for removing Mascarenhos, the governor. Lines of defence were then thrown up round the city. On the opposite bank of the Douro the Serra convent was strengthened,-that defence which, under the Portuguese brigadier-general Torres, subsequently afforded so much glory to the constitutional arms. The Emperor, however, would have nothing more done; and thus the whole suburb, including the immense wine-stores, and the heights at the mouth of the river, were left open to the enemy, which turned to his account and so disastrously for his opponents afterwards. Nor were any of the wines removed, as they might have been with facility. On the 5th of August, Colonel Hodges was ordered to reconnoitre a smal part of his former route, where the enemy was raising supplies, who drove off his oxen, and did not shew himself; the party returned to Oporto. A strong sortie of Villa Flor took place on the 7th, in which he drove the enemy from his posts; after which a Portuguese officer threw the advance into a panic, followed by a "disgraceful flight" of the constitutional force. It had its effect on the city, and " Pedro cursed his fortunes, in having undertaken the invasion." The Marquis Palmella proceeded to England, and was instructed to get Colonel Evans, M.P. [for Westminster] to take the absolute command of the army. This was agreed to, contingently on a loan from Baring and Co. being completed; it failed, and the Colonel declined, as did another contractor. Captain Napier was also sought; the election at which he was a candidate intervened. The English troops had become subject to great privations, and Colonel Hodges became neglected. We enter not into an apology for Admiral Sartorius, on his first encounter with the Miguellite fleet (vol. ii. 101); its point is, that if his fleet had been crippled by the enemy, it would have enabled the latter to blockade Oporto. The Emperor was now active in securing Oporto; neither English nor French would work in the trenches. The Serra Convent was attacked in vain by the enemy, who 3 F |