May 3, 1861 1866 ors, which results in the patent laws of In response to a proclamation by GovApril 10, 1790. He builds a steamboat ernor Olden, April 17, four regiments of propelled by twin screws that navigates New Jersey volunteers, under General Runthe Hudson River in 1804. Establishes yon, are despatched to Annapolis a steam ferry from Hoboken to New York City, Oct. 11, 1811, and at the age of seventy-eight builds an experimental locomotive, which carries passengers at 12 miles an hour on his experimental track at Hoboken, in 1826. He dies at Hoboken March 6, 1838 At the State election for members of the House of Representatives, the returns are contested, the Democratic candidates at Mount Pleasant, Newark........ 1866 claiming a majority of about 100 votes in Legislature, by resolution, withdraws a poll of 57,000. The Whig candidates its ratification of the Fourteenth Amendreceive certificates of election under the ment.... "Broad" seal of the State. . Oct. 9, 10, 1838 A speaker of the House was elected (Robert M. T. Hunter) by compromise, but the five Democratic contestants are seated on the report of a committee declaring them elected by a vote of 111 to 81.... ....July 16, 1839 Clerk of the House of Representatives, H. A. Garland, of Virginia, refuses to call the names of the Whig delegates from New Jersey, on the ground that the seats were disputed at the opening of Congress (as there were five contested seats, and as the House stood, without New Jersey, 118 Whigs to 119 Democrats, success to either party in this controversy meant a control of the House; hence the controversy).... .Dec. 2, 1839 [This governmental flurry is known as the "Broad Seal War."] New Jersey Historical Society founded at Trenton.... . Feb. 27, 1840 Constitutional convention assembles at Trenton, May 14, completes its labors, June 29, and the constitution is ratified by the people.... .....Aug. 13, 1844 Town superintendent of schools first authorized.... . April 7, 1846 State union convention at Trenton resolves in favor of a compromise between the Northern and Southern States ..... April, 1868 George M. Robeson, of New Jersey, Secretary of the Navy........June 25, 1869 Camden and Amboy Railroad and Delaware and Raritan Canal surrender their reserved rights, after forty years of monopoly, opening the carrying-trade across the State..... .....1869 Governor of New Jersey accepts the warvessel bequeathed to the State by Edwin A. Stevens, known as the "Stevens Battery," together with $1,000,000 for its completion, which is placed under the superintendence of Gen. George B. McClellan and Gen. John Newton.... .1869 Legislature refuses to ratify the Fif teenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States.. ...Feb. 15, 1870 Stevens Institute of Technology at Hoboken opened..... .1871 66 Free school system inaugurated in New Jersey.... . April, 1871 Legislature passes a general railroad law," providing that 66 no franchise heretofore granted to construct a railroad, or to build or establish bridges or ferries, or operate any line of travel shall hereafter continue to be or be construed to remain exclusive". ...1873 Compulsory education law passed..1874 By act of legislature, March 27, 1874, the Stevens Battery, in construction since 1843, which had cost over $2,500,000, still unfinished, is sold to United States government for $145,000 Dec. 11, 1860 Committee on national affairs in the legislature report joint resolutions endorsing the Crittenden compromise, which were Nov. 2, 1874 adopted...... . Jan. 25, 1861 People ratify twenty-eight amendments Legislature appropriates $2,000,000, and to the constitution, proposed by the an annual tax of $100,000 for military legislatures of 1847 and 1875 purposes. ..April 30, 1861 Sept. 7, 1875 Act passed creating a State board of health..... ..1877 Centennial anniversary of the capture of Princeton celebrated by a mock fight of Newark and Pennsylvania militia Saturday half-holiday established, and Rutgers Scientific School awarded the funds granted by Congress in aid of colleges of agriculture and mechanic arts at session..... ..Jan. 13-March 20, 1891 Spinners' strike in the Clark thread mills declared off....... ...April 18, 1891 Smokeless powder used for the first time in this country at Sandy Hook in an 8-inch rifled gun........July 25, 1891 Walt Whitman, poet, born 1819, dies at Camden... ..March 26, 1892 United States practice cruiser Bancroft, the first war-ship built in the State, is launched at the yards of Samuel L. Moore & Sons Co. in Elizabeth ...... April 30, 1892 Jan. 3, 1877 Convention of colored men held at Princeton to consider the condition of their race, politically and socially Aug. 22, 1877 Bureau of labor statistics created by act of legislature.. .1878 Liberal League of New Jersey, the outgrowth of the Citizens' Protective Association of Newark, in State convention at Newark, demand remodelling of the Sunday laws... .September, 1879 Thomas Alva Edison establishes a City of Paterson celebrates its 100th laboratory at Menlo Park, 1876; exhibits anniversary. ...July 4, 1892 his newly invented system of electric light- Horse-racing during December, January, ing by incandescent carbon vacuum lamps and February forbidden........... ...1893 December, 1879 Battle monument at Trenton unveiled Frederick Theodore Frelinghuysen apOct. 19, 1893 pointed Secretary of State under President Arthur.... ...Dec. 12, 1881 Act passed to create a council of State charities and correction, to consist of six persons appointed by the governor Democrats and Republicans organize separate Senates at Trenton-the governor recognizing the Democrats....Jan. 9, 1894 Republican Senators force their way into the Senate chamber....Jan. 10, 1894 Supreme Court of New Jersey decides that the Republican Senate is lawful March 28, 1883 Law enacted to abolish and prohibit the employment under contract of convicts March 21, 1894 and inmates of prisons, jails, penitentia- Railroad accident near Atlantic City, ries, and all public reformatory institu- forty-seven killed and seventy injured tions of the State. .1884 Gen. George B. McClellan, born 1826, 1887 Act of legislature passed making Labor Day, the first Monday in September, a legal holiday, and giving women the right to vote at school-district meetings 1887 Local option and high license law, passed in 1888, is repealed, and a high license law enacted... ...1889 Horatio Allen, the first locomotive engineer in the United States, dies at Montrose, aged eighty-eight......Jan. 1, 1890 Governor's salary raised to $10,000 a year by law. .Jan. 15, 1890 Australian ballot law adopted at session ending... May 23, 1890 Strike of over 3,000 employés in the Clark thread mills at Newark and Kearney begins.. .Dec. 10, 1890 July 31, 1896 G. M. Robeson, ex-Secretary of the Navy, dies at Trenton.....Sept. 27, 1897 Vice-President Hobart dies at Paterson, Nov. 21, 1899 Andrew Carnegie gives $50,000 to East Orange for a public library, William M. Johnson $40,000 to Hackensack, Charles Danforth $20,000 to Paterson, Dr. William Sticker $100,000 to Orange.....1900 North German Lloyd's piers in Hoboken burned (several hundred lives lost and property valued at $10,000,000 destroyed) June 30, 1900 NEW MEXICO New Mexico, a territory of the United States, lying between lat. 31° 20′ and 37° N., and long. 103° 2′ and 109° 2′ W. It is bounded on the north by Colorado, east by Texas, south by Texas and Mexico, and west by Arizona. Area, 122,580 square miles. Population, 1890, 153,593; 1900, 195,310. Capital, Santa Fé. Francisco Vasquez de Coronado, with 400 Spaniards and 800 Indians, makes an expedition from Mexico to the Pueblo Indian villages near Santa Fé, which he conquers, and explores the surrounding region.... ...July, 1540 Augustin Rodriguez, a Franciscan friar of San Bartolomé, Mexico, with two associates and an escort of twelve soldiers, ascends the Rio Grande, and 8 miles from the site of Albuquerque the party separate, the soldiers returning to Mexico, the three friars remaining......August, 1581 Don Antonio Espejo, with a relief party, ascends the Rio Grande, and, finding the missionaries located among the Pueblo Indians in 1581 had been killed, he returns to San Bartolomé by way of the Pecos River..... ..1582-83 Don Juan de Oñate, a wealthy citizen of Zacatecas, under authority from Don Luis de Valasco, viceroy of New Spain, settles with a colony of 130 families, ten friars, and a number of soldiers in the valley of the Chama River, just above its junction with the Rio Grande..... ...1598 Santa Fé founded under the title La Ciudad Real de la Santa Fé de San Francisco... ...1605 Religious persecution of the Indians by the Spanish, who whip, imprison, and hang forty natives who would not renounce their old faith, results in an unsuccessful revolt of Indians.........1640 Native Indian tribes unite in a project to make a simultaneous attack on the Spanish settlements, but the plan is discovered and broken up by Governor Concha, who arrests and imprisons the lead ers, hanging nine, and selling the others into slavery..... ...1650 Four Indians hanged and forty-three whipped and enslaved on conviction by a Spanish tribunal of bewitching the supe rior of the Franciscan monastery at San Yldefonso ....1675 Pueblo Indians under Popé reduced to abject slavery by the Spanish, rise in rebellion. Their plan of a general massacre on Aug. 10, 1680, being discovered, they begin two days earlier a massacre of the Spanish, who are obliged to flee the country, the Pueblos taking possession of Santa Fé.... ...Aug. 21, 1680 New Mexico reconquered by the Spanish under Diego de Vargas Zapata Lujan.1692 Severe famine arising in the Spanish settlements, the Indians of fourteen pueblos enter upon a desolating but unsuccessful war for the expulsion of the Spanish..... .....1696 Albuquerque founded during the administration of Duke of Albuquerque..1701-10 Lieutenant-Colonel Carrisco discovers the Santa Rita mines near Silver City...1800 Baptiste Lalande, a Frenchman from Kaskaskia, reaches Santa Fé with a stock of merchandise, which he disposes of at a very large profit..... ....1804 James Pursley, a Kentuckian, leaves St. Louis in 1802, and after three years' wandering reaches Santa Fé........1805 Lieut. Zebulon M. Pike, of the United States army, builds a fort on the Rio del Norte on Spanish soil, supposing it to be the Red River and American possessions, during the month of Feb. 1807. With his party he is taken to Santa Fé by a Spanish escort, where they arrive March 3. From there he is sent to Chihuahua under escort, arriving April 2, and has an audience with the commanding general Don Nemecio Salcedo. After some detention he is sent forward, reaching San Antonio, Tex., June 7, and Natchitoches.....July 1, 1807 Captains Glenn, Becknell, and Stephen Cooper visit Santa Fé with small parties and a limited quantity of goods for trade 1821-22 First public school law in New Mexico; action of the provincial deputation: "Re solved, that the said ayuntamientos be officially notified to complete the formation of primary public schools as soon as possible according to the circumstances of each community".................April 27. 1822 Francisco Xavier Chaves, appointed political chief, relieving Facundo Malgares, the last governor of New Mexico under Spanish rule........July 5, 1822 The United States makes overtures to New Mexico to join the American Union. Bartolomé Baca, political chief......1824 First wagon-trains from Independence, Mo., to Santa Fé...... .....1824 New Mexico made a territory of the republic of Mexico....... .July 6, 1824 Santa Fé trail made an authorized road by act of Congress; the bill introduced by Thomas H. Benton passed.. January, 1825 Caravans being often attacked by Indians, United States government details four companies as an escort on the Santa Fé road..... ......1828 Old Placer gold-mines discovered about 30 miles southwest of Santa Fé....1828 Oxen first used on Santa Fé trail..1830 A Spanish newspaper, El Crepusculo, published at Taos.... .1835 New Mexican constitution goes into effect, changing the territory into a department, centralizing power, and imposing extra taxes. The new system being obnoxious, the arrest and imprisonment of a local judicial officer on what the people considered a false charge provokes a revolution, Aug. 1, 1837, which is central at Santa Cruz, but which is soon quelled by Gen. Manuel Armijo......1837 New Placer gold-mines discovered..1839 Expedition under General McLeod sets out from Austin, Texas, June 18, 1841, to ascertain the feeling of the New Mexican people with respect to a union with Texas. When near San Miguel the force is met by Damacio Salazar and his Mexican troops seized and imprisoned at San Miguel, from whence they are marched under guard to the city of Mexico..Oct. 17, 1841 President Santa Ana, by decree, closes the frontier custom-house at Taos, Aug. 7, 1843, but repeals the act. March 31, 1844 Gen. Stephen W. Kearney, in command of a body of United States troops known as the Army of the West," enters Santa Fé and takes formal possession 66 Aug. 18, 1846 General Kearney establishes a government for the Territory of New Mexico, with Santa Fé as capital, proclaiming bimself provisional governor IX.-2 F Fort Marcy established near Santa Fe Aug. 23, 1846 General Kearney promulgates the " Kearney Code of Laws," and proclaims Charles Bent governor of the Territory Sept. 22, 1846 Donaciano Vigil becomes acting gov ernor in the room of Gov. Charles Bent, who is assassinated at Taos..Jan. 19, 1847 Revolt against the United States gov ernment in New Mexico, planned by Dons Diego Archuleta and Tomas Ortiz, breaks out at Taos, but is suppressed by American troops under Col. Sterling Price, and Governor Montoya, prominent in the rebellion, is tried by court-martial and executed, Feb. 7. Six others, convicted of participating in the murder of Governor Bent, are executed........Aug. 3, 1847 Santa Fé Republican, the first newspaper printed in English, issued....1847 By the treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, concluded Feb. 2, 1848, and proclaimed in Santa Fé in August following, New Mexico becomes a part of the United States August, 1848 People of New Mexico, in convention at Santa Fé, petition Congress for a terri torial government, oppose the dismemberment of their Territory in favor of Texas, and ask protection of Congress against the introduction of slavery......Oct. 14, 1848 By proclamation of Governor Munroe, in April, 1850, a convention at Santa Fé, May 15, frames a constitution for the Territory of New Mexico, May 25, prohibiting slavery and fixing the east and west boundaries at 100° and 111°. This constitution was ratified by the people, June 20, by a vote of 8,371 to 39, and Henry Connelly was elected governor, but the movement was not recognized.. ...1850 Act of Congress establishing a terri torial government for New Mexico ap proved.. .Sept. 9, 1850 F. X. Aubrey rode from Santa Fé to Independence, Mo., 850 miles, in five days and sixteen hours, on a wager, and won $10,000.. .June, 1850 Elias T. Clark imported through a French firm in St. Louis, Mo., the first Alfalfa seed sown in New Mexico, at a cost of $5 per pound......January, 1850 Mr. Clark also brought the first Bartlett pear and Ben Davis apple trees across Aug. 22, 1846 the Great American Plains and thus be 449 came the father of modern horticulture in New Mexico...... ......1851 First legislative Assembly convenes at Santa Fé, and declares it the capital of the territory... ..June 2, 1851 Santa Fé incorporated as a city..1851 Gov. James S. Calhoun dies while on his way to the States, and John Greiner becomes acting governor... .June 30, 1852 Academy of Our Lady of Light, in charge of the sisters of Loretto, organized at Santa Fé..... ..1852 Christopher or "Kit" Carson appointed Indian agent in New Mexico........1853 Beall & Whipple's railroad survey, 35th-parallel route..... 1853 Thirty-second parallel survey for railroad by Capt. John Pope (east half) and Lieut. J. G. Park (west half)......1854 Territory acquired from Mexico under the Gadsden purchase is incorporated with the Territory of New Mexico. Aug. 4, 1854 Overland mail-coach line to Pacific coast, via Mesilla, N. M., established, making the trip from San Francisco to southwest Missouri in twelve to fourteen days..... ..July 24, 1858 Overland transportation business employs 5,405 men; 1,532 wagons; 4,377 mules; 360 horses; 12,545 oxen; carrying capacity 7,660 tons... 1859 School law passed requiring compulsory attendance and the appointment of teachers by the justice of the peace in each precinct, who is entitled to collect the sum of 50 cents per month for each child attending... ......Jan. 23, 1860 Miguel A. Otero having thrice served as delegate to Congress, also as attorney-general and United States district attorney for the Territory, appointed secretary of New Mexico by President Lin...1861 coln Maj. Isaac Lynde, U. S. A., in command at Fort Fillmore, surrenders the fort and his entire command of 700 to Lieut.-Col. John R. Baylor, Confederate July 27, 1861 Confederates under Gen. H. F. Sibley defeat the Federals under Colonel Canby at Valverde, 10 miles below Fort Craig Feb. 21, 1862 Battle at Apache Cañon, near Santa Fé; Colonel Slough defeats the Confederates under Colonel Scurry....March 28, 1862 Santa Fé, in possession of the Confed erates since March 11, 1862, is recovered by the Federals.... .April 21, 1862 Territory of Arizona formed from part of New Mexico..... ..Feb. 24, 1863 Governor Connelly dies; W. F. M. Arny acting governor... .1865 Portion of New Mexico above 37° attached to Colorado...... .....1867 By act of Congress peonage is abolished and forever prohibited in the territory of New Mexico...... ....March 2, 1867 Governor in his message announces telegraphic communication with the North 1868 Archives of New Mexico, partly destroyed in 1860, are further depleted under the rule of Governor Pile, when they are sold for waste paper and only about onequarter of them recovered.. .....1870 Legislature provides for common schools, under a board of supervisors and directors elected by each county....1871 Serious election riot at Mesilla Sept. 2, 1871 Total indebtedness of New Mexico $74,000..... .. November, 1871 Governor Marsh Giddings dies, and is succeeded by William G. Ritch as acting governor... ..Jan. 3, 1875 The legislature enacts a law requiring places of business to close on Sunday. 1876 Ute Indians removed from New Mexico to the Colorado reservation April-July, 1878 Gen. Lew. Wallace, governor of New Mexico.... ..Oct. 1, 1878 First railroad track laid within New Mexico, the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fé, crossing Raton Pass.....Nov. 30, 1878 Locomotive on the new Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fé Railroad reaches Las Vegas.... ..July 4, 1879 Apache Indians under Chief Victorio kill the herds and capture the horses of Captain Hooker's command at Ojo Calient, Socorro county, and open an Indian war which lasted several months, re. sulting in the death of many settlers and the destruction of much property Sept. 3, 1879 Massacre by Apaches at McEver's ranch, rear Hillsboro, followed in a few weeks by other massacres and destruction of property at and near Mason's and Lloyd's ranches, west of Mesilla.... Sept. 11, 1879 The New Mexican Christian Advocate |