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Congress sends the ministers to France and Spain a statement of the claims of the United States to lands as far as the Mississippi River..... ...........Oct. 17, 1780 Robert Morris appointed superintendent of finances by Congress...... Feb. 20, 1781 Delegates from Maryland sign the Articles of Confederation....March 1, 1781 Thomas McKean, of Delaware, elected president of the Continental Congress July 10, 1781 John Hanson, of Maryland, chosen president of Continental Congress...Nov. 5, 1781 Lafayette sails for France from Boston in the Alliance... ..Dec. 22, 1781 Congress adopts a great seal for the United States... ..June 20, 1782 Elias Boudinot, of New Je sey, chosen president of the Continental Congress Nov. 4, 1782 Constitution for the Society of the Cincinnati formed at the army quarters on the Hudson River.......... May 13, 1783 Washington writes on the situation to each of the State governors. .June 8, 1783 Seventh Continental Congress adjourns; session, 1,816 days........June 21, 1783 [The longest session ever held in the United States.]

Eighth Continental Congress meets at Princeton.... .June 30, 1783

[Elias Boudinot, president.] Thomas Mifflin, of Pennsylvania, chosen president of the Continental Congress

Nov. 3, 1783 Eighth Continental Congress adjourns; 127 days' session..... .Nov. 4, 1783

Ninth Continental Congress meets at Annapolis, Md............. .Nov. 26, 1783

[Thomas Mifflin, president.] General Washington bids farewell to his officers at Fraunce's Tavern, corner Pearl and Broad streets, New York City Dec. 4, 1783 Washington resigns his commission as commander-in-chief at the State-house, Annapolis, Md., and retires to Mount Vernon...... ..Dec. 23, 1783 Congress ratifies the definitive treaty of peace. .....Jan. 14, 1784 Congress accepts cession of Northwest Territory by Virginia; deeds signed by Virginia delegates........March 1, 1784 American Daily Advertiser, first daily

newspaper in America, issued at Philadelphia by Benjamin Franklin Bache..1784

Fiscal affairs of the United States placed in the hands of three commissioners appointed to succeed Robert Morris

1784

John Jay appointed secretary of foreign affairs in place of Livingston, resigned March, 1784

Ninth Continental Congress adjourns; 189 days' session.... ....June 3, 1784 General Assembly of North Carolina cedes her western lands to the United States on condition of acceptance within two years, April, 1784, but repeals the act Oct. 22, 1784

Washington makes a tour of the western country to ascertain by what means it could be most effectually bound to the Union..... .....1784

Tenth Continental Congress meets at Trenton, N. J...................... .Nov. 1, 178+ Richard Henry Lee, of Virginia, chosen president of Continental Congress

Nov. 30, 1784 Tenth Continental Congress adjourns; fifty-four days' session....Dec. 24, 1784

Eleventh Continental Congress meets at New York.... ..Jan. 11, 1785

[Richard H. Lee, president.] Gen. Henry Knox appointed Secretary of War with added duties of Secretary-of Navy..... ...March 8, 1785 Franklin, minister to France, obtains leave to return; Jefferson is appointed March 10, 1785

Dispute between the United States and Spain on navigation of the Mississippi River and the boundaries of the Floridas 1785

Massachusetts cedes to the United States her claims to lands west of the Niagara River, in accordance with an act of legislature of Nov. 13, 1784

April 19, 1785 John Adams appointed minister plenipotentiary to Great Britain, Feb. 24, and received at the Court of George III.

June 1, 1785 Don Diego Gardoqui, minister from Spain to the United States, recognized by Congress.... ....July 2, 1785 Treaty of amity and commerce concluded between the King of Prussia and

the United States, and signed by Thomas Jefferson at Paris, July 28, Benjamin Franklin at Passy, July 9, and J. Adams at London..... Aug. 5, 1785 Franklin returns to Philadelphia from France, after an absence of nine years, landing..... ...Sept. 13, 1785 State of Frankland formed from western lands of North Carolina.. November, 1785 Eleventh Continental Congress adjourns; 298 days' session....Nov. 4, 1785

Twelfth Continental Congress meets at New York.... ....Nov. 7, 1785 John Hancock, of Massachusetts, chosen president of the Continental Congress Nov. 23, 1785

[Did not serve owing to illness.] James Rumsey succeeds in propelling a boat by steam and machinery on the Potomac... .March, 1786 First spinning-jenny in the United States put in operation by Daniel Jackson, of Providence, R. I....... .1786 Nathaniel Gorham chosen president of the Continental Congress....June 6, 1786 Gen. Nathanael Greene dies at Mulberry Grove, Ga.. . . . . ...June 19, 1786 Ordinance establishing the coinage passed...... .....August, 1786 Delegates from Virginia, Pennsylvania, Delaware, New Jersey, and New York, at Annapolis, Md., consider the condition of the nation, and request all the States to send delegates to a convention at Philadelphia in May following..Sept. 11, 1786 Connecticut makes a qualified cession to the United States of all territory south of 41° N. lat., and west of a line 120 miles west of Pennsylvania...... Sept. 14, 1786 Shays's Rebellion in Massachusetts

1786

Ordinance establishing a United States mint passed by Congress....Oct. 16, 1786 Twelfth Continental Congress adjourns; 362 days' session..... .Nov. 3, 1786

Thirteenth Continental Congress meets at New York...... .Nov. 6, 1786 Arthur St. Clair, of Pennsylvania, chosen president of Congress.. Feb. 2, 1787 Congress advises the States to send delegates to a convention in Philadelphia to revise the Articles of Confederation, to meet May 14..............Feb. 21, 1787 Congress by ordinance provides government for the territory northwest of the Ohio (now Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin).. .July 13, 1787

Treaty between the United States and Morocco ratified...........July 18, 1787

South Carolina cedes to the United States her claims to a strip 12 miles wide west of a line from the head of the Tugaloo River to the North Carolina border..... .....Aug. 9, 1787 Delegates to the convention sign the Constitution..... ....Sept. 17, 1787 Thirteenth Continental Congress adjourns; 359 days' session....Oct. 30, 1787

Fourteenth Continental Congress meets at New York.. .Nov. 5, 1787 Spanish intrigues in Kentucky....1788 Cyrus Griffin, of Virginia, chosen president of Continental Congress.Jan. 22, 1788

Method for putting the new government into operation reported by the committee adopted by Congress. . . . . . . Sept. 13, 1788

Fourteenth and last Continental Congress adjourns; 353 days' session..Oct. 21, 1788 Electors in the several States vote for President and Vice-President

February, 1789

UNDER THE CONSTITUTION

FIRST ADMINISTRATION-FEDERAL. March 4, 1789, to March 3, 1793. SEAT OF GOVERNMENT, New York City, 1789, and Philadelphia from Dec. 6, 1790. George Washington, Virginia, President. John Adams, Massachusetts, Vice-President.

First Congress, first session, meets, New York.. .. April 6, 1789

Speaker of the House, F. A. Muhlenberg. Electoral vote counted. George Washington, of Virginia, receives the entire electoral vote, 69, and is chosen President; and John Adams, of Massachusetts, receives 34 votes and becomes Vice-President.... .. April 6, 1789 President takes the oath of office, New York....... . April 30, 1789 First tariff bill passes....July 4, 1789

[graphic]

WASHINGTON RECEIVING THE ANNOUNCEMENT OF HIS ELECTION TO THE FIRST

PRESIDENCY OF THE UNITED STATES

Department of Foreign Affairs organized....... .....July 27, 1789 Act organizing the War (and Navy) Department... ......Aug. 7, 1789 Gen. Arthur St. Clair appointed governor of the Northwest Territory...Aug. 7, 1789 Treasury Department organized

Sept. 2, 1789 This name is changed to State Department.... ....Sept. 15, 1789 Post-office Department temporarily established........ .....Sept. 22, 1789 Office of Attorney-General organized Sept. 24, 1789 Supreme Court of the United States established, with John Jay, of New York, as chief-justice.......... September, 1789 Twelve Amendments to the Constitution submitted to the States for ratification

Sept. 25, 1789 [Ten of these ratified, taking effect Dec. 15, 1791.]

An act passed by 32 to 29-House—au• thorizing the acquisition of the District of Columbia for the seat of government July 10, 1790 First national census begun; population enumerated as of.......Aug. 1, 1790 Treaty with the Creek Indians

Aug. 7, 1790 Tariff bill amended by increasing duties Aug. 10, 1790 Second session adjourns..Aug. 12, 1790 General Harmar's and Colonel Hardin's expedition against the Indians defeated in northwestern Ohio....Oct. 17-20, 1790 Third session, Philadelphia, opens

Dec. 6, 1790 Vermont, the fourteenth State, admitted..... ..Jan. 18, 1791 Act incorporating Bank of the United States... ...Feb. 8, 1791 [Bank to be at Philadelphia; might establish branches; chartered for twenty years; capital, $10,000,000.]

Thomas Jefferson, of Virginia, the minister to France, appointed Secretary of An act taxing imported spirits, with State...... ......Sept. 26, 1789. new duty on domestic spirits.......1791

First session adjourns... Sept. 29, 1789 President visits Northern and Eastern States...... ...Oct. 15, 1789 North Carolina ratifies the Constitution...... ..... Nov. 21, 1789 Second session meets, New York Jan. 4, 1790 First annual message from the President..... .....Jan. 4, 1790 Secretary Hamilton reports on the public debt..... ....Jan. 14, 1790 [He proposed that the government— First, Fund and pay the foreign debt of the Confederation ($12,000,000); second, Fund and pay the domestic debt ($40,000,000); third, Assume and pay the unpaid war debt ($21,500,000) of the States. The last proposition was strongly opposed, but was finally carried: Senate, 14 to 12; House, 34 to 28.]

North Carolina cedes her western territory to the United States.. Feb. 25, 1790 An act ordering a census passed

March 1, 1790 Franklin dies at Philadelphia, aged eighty-four.....

First Congress adjourns..March 3, 1791 [An able Congress. In two years it provided a competent revenue, funded the public debt, and gave the young nation a respectable standing in the world.]

Great Britain appoints her first minister, George Hammond, to the United States... .Aug. 7, 1791 Second Congress, first session, opens at Philadelphia.......... ...Oct. 24, 1791 Speaker of the House, Jonathan Trumbull, of Connecticut.

Gen. Arthur St. Clair's expedition against the Indians of Ohio surprised and routed.... .Nov. 4, 1791 Congress grants a bounty for fishingvessels..... . Feb. 16, 1792 Post-office department reorganized

Feb. 20, 1792

United States mint established

Tariff amended....

April 2, 1792 . May 2, 1792 Laws organizing the militia..May 8, 1792 First session adjourns..... May 8, 1792 Capt. Robert Gray, in the Columbia, ...April 17, 1790 discovers the mouth (lat. 46° 10′ N.) of Act of Congress for the government of the river Columbia.... May 11, 1792 the Southwest Territory... May 26, 1790 Kentucky admitted (the fifteenth State) Rhode Island ratifies the Constitution June 1, 1792 Second session opens at Philadelphia Nov. 5, 1792

May 29, 1790

[The last of the thirteen colonies.]

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