and dispersed, and Colonel Rall was mortally wounded, and taken to graduated at Charleston College in 1840; his quarters, where he died. The main admitted to the bar in 1843; assistant body, attempting to escape by the Prince- Secretary of State from December, 1860, ton road, were intercepted by Colonel Hand till the secession of South Carolina; held and made prisoners. Some British light- a seat in the legislature of that State horse and infantry at Trenton escaped to in 1862-66; began the practice of law in Bordentown. The victory was complete. Washington in 1875; was a member of The spoils were about 1,000 prisoners, the commission of 1880 to revise the 1,200 small-arms, six brass field-pieces, treaty with China; special agent to the and all the German standards. The tri- belligerents of Peru, Chile, and Bolivia umphant army recrossed the Delaware in 1881, and during the same year reprewith their prisoners (who were sent to sented the government in the negotiaPhiladelphia), and went back to their tions concerning its rights in the Isthmus of Panama; appointed with General Grant in 1882 to effect a commercial treaty with Mexico. His publications include A Few Thoughts on the Foreign Policy of the United States; The Diplomacy of the Revolution; Diplomatic System of the United States; An American View of the Eastern Question; The Diplomatic History of the Administrations of Washington and Adams; Address before the South Carolina Historical Society, etc. He died in Pendleton, S. C., May 4, 1898. RALL'S HEADQUARTERS. Trespass Act. Some of the States whose territory had been longest and most recently occupied by the British were inencampment. This bold stroke puzzled clined to enact new confiscation laws. and annoyed the British. Cornwallis did Such was the so-called trespass act of not sail for England, but was sent back New York, which authorized the owners into New Jersey. The Tories were of real estate in the city to recover rents alarmed, and the dread of the mercenary and damages against such persons as had Germans was dissipated. The faltering used their buildings under British aumilitia soon began to flock to the standard thority during the war. This act was of Washington, and many of the soldiers passed before the news arrived of the who were about to leave the American terms of the preliminary treaty of peace army re-enlisted. Trescot, WILLIAM HENRY, diplomatist; born in Charleston, S. C., Nov. 10, 1822; (see TREATIES, ANGLO-AMERICAN). In 1786 the Supreme Court of New York, by the efforts of Hamilton, declared the trespass act void, as being in conflict Duane, Reynolds, Moore, and Cumwith the definitive treaty of Paris. See ming acquitted of seditious riot, PennsylTREATIES, FRANCO-AMERICAN. vania ...1799 Trials. The following is a list of the Matthew Lyon convicted in Vermont, most notable trials in the United States: October, 1798, of writing for publication Anne Hutchinson; sedition and heresy a letter calculated "to stir up sedition (the Antinomian controversy); imprison- and to bring the President and the governed and banished... ment into contempt"; confined four months in Vergennes jail; fine of $1,000 paid by friends, and Lyon released Trials of Quakers in Massachusetts .1637 1656-61 Jacob Leisler, New York, convicted and executed for treason.... . . . . .May 16, 1691 Trials for witchcraft, Massachusetts Feb. 9, 1799 J. T. Callender, for libel of President Adams in a pamphlet, The Prospect Be1692 fore Us; tried at Richmond, Va., fined Thomas Maule, for slanderous publica- $200 and sentenced to nine months' imtions and blasphemy, Massachusetts..1696 prisonment.... ..June 6, 1800 Nicholas Bayard, treason.........1702 Thomas Daniel, for opening letters of a John Peter Zenger, for printing and foreign minister... ...1800 publishing libels on the colonial govern- Judge John Pickering impeached before ment, November, 1734, acquitted.....1735 the United States Senate, March 3, 1803, William Wemms, James Hartegan, for malfeasance in the New Hampshire William McCauley, and other British district court in October and November, soldiers, in Boston, Mass., for the murder 1802, in restoring ship Eliza, seized for of Crispus Attucks, Samuel Gray, Samuel smuggling, to its owners; Judge PickerMaverick, James Caldwell, and Patrick ing, though doubtless insane, is convicted Carr.... .March 5, 1770 and removed from office....March 4, 1804 Maj. Gen. Charles Lee, court-martial Judge Samuel Chase impeached before after the battle of Monmouth; found the United States Senate, acquitted..1805 guilty of, first, disobedience of orders in Thomas O. Selfridge tried for murder of not attacking the enemy; second, unneces- Charles Austin on the public exchange in sary and disorderly retreat; third, dis- Boston.... Aug. 4, 1806 respect to the commander-in-chief; susAaron Burr, for treason, Virginia; acpended from command for one year, tried quitted.. .March 27-Sept. 7, 1807 July 4, 1778 Col. Thomas H. Cushing, by court-marJohn Hett Smith, for assisting Bene- tial at Baton Rouge, on charges of Brigdict Arnold, New York, not guilty...1780 Gen. Wade Hampton.... ...1812 Maj. John André, adjutant - general, Patrick Byrne, for mutiny, by general British army, seized as a spy at Tappan, court-martial at Fort Columbus; sentenced N. Y., Sept. 23, 1780, tried by military to death... . . ... May 22, 1813 court and hanged............Oct. 2, 1780 Stewart, Wright, Porter, Vigol, and Mitchell, Western insurgents, found guilty 1795 William Blount, United States Senate, impeached for misdemeanor... 1797 William Cobbett, for libelling the King of Spain and his ambassador, writing as "Peter Porcupine" in Porcupine's Gazette, July 17, before Supreme Court of Pennsylvania; acquitted... ....... ...1797 Thomas Cooper, of Northumberland, Pa., convicted under the sedition act of libel on the administration of President Adams in Reading Advertiser of Oct. 26, 1799, imprisonment for six months and $400 fine.... Gen. W. Hull, commanding the northwestern army of the United States, for cowardice in surrender of Detroit, Aug. 16, etc.; by court-martial, held at Albany, sentenced to be shot; sentence approved by the President, but execution remitted Jan. 3, 1814 Dartmouth College case, defining the power of States over corporations 1817-18 Arbuthnot and Ambrister, by court-martial, April 26, 1818, for inciting Creek Indians to war against the United States; executed by order of General Jackson April 30, 1818 Stephen and Jesse Boorn, at Manchester, .1799 Vt., Nov. 1819, for the murder of Louis Colvin, who disappeared in 1813; sen- Romans; tried and acquitted by presby tenced to be hanged... ..Jan. 28, 1820 [Six years after Colvin disappeared an uncle of the Boorns dreamed that Colvin came to his bedside, declared the Boorns his murderers, and told where his body was buried. This was April 27, 1819. The Boorns were arrested, confessed the crime circumstantially, were tried and convicted, but not executed, because Colvin was found alive in New Jersey. Wilkie Collins's novel, The Dead Alive, founded upon this case.] Capt. David Porter, by court-martial at Washington, for exceeding his powers in landing 200 men on Porto Rico and demanding an apology for arrest of the commanding officer of the Beadle, sent by him, October, 1824, to investigate alleged storage of goods on the island by pirates; suspended for six months......July 7, 1825 James H. Peck, judge of United States district court for the district of Missouri, impeached for alleged abuse of judicial authority; trial begins May 4, 1830; acquitted.......... .Jan. 31, 1831 John A. Murrell, the great Western land pirate, chief of noted bandits in Tennessee and Arkansas, whose central committee, called Grand Council of the Mystic Clan," is broken up by arrest of its leader .1834 [Murrell lived near Denmark, Madison co., Tenn. He was a man without fear, physical or moral. His favorite operations were horse-stealing and "negrorunning." He promised negroes their freedom if they allowed him to conduct them North, selling them on the way by day and stealing them back by night, always murdering them in the end. He was captured by Virgil A. Stewart in 1834, convicted, and sentenced to the penitentiary, where he died.] tery of Philadelphia, June 30-July 8, 1835; condemned by the synod and suspended for six months, but acquitted by the general assembly... ...1836 Case of slave schooner Amistad 1839-40 Alexander McLeod, a Canadian, charged as an accomplice in burning the steamer Caroline in the Niagara River, and in the murder of Amos Durfee, is taken from Lockport to New York on habeas corpus, May, 1841. Great Britain asks his release in extra session of Congress; Mr. Webster advocates his discharge. A special session of the circuit court, ordered by the legis lature of New York at Utica, tries and acquits him..... ...Oct. 4-12, 1841 A. W. Holmes, of the crew of the William Brown for murder on the high seas (forty-four of the passengers and crew escaping in the long-boat, the sailors threw some passengers overboard to lighten the boat, April 19, 1841), convicted, but recommended to mercy.. May, 1842 Thomas W. Dorr, Rhode Island; treason 1842 Alexander S. Mackenzie (Somers's mu.1842 tiny) Bishop Benjamin T. Onderdonk, of New York, for immoral conduct; by ecclesiastical court, suspended Dec. 10, 1844-Jan. 3, 1845 Ex-Senator J. C. Davis, of Illinois; T. C. Sharp, editor of Warsaw Signal; Mark Aldrich, William N. Grover, and Col. Levi Williams, for murder of Hiram and Joe Smith (Mormons); trial begins at Carthage, Ill.; acquitted... .May 21, 1845 Albert J. Tirrell (the somnambulist murderer), for killing Maria A. Bickford 1846 [Acquitted on the plea that the murder was committed while he was sleep-walking.] Dr. John W. Webster, for the murder of Dr. George W. Parkman in the Medical College, Boston, Nov. 23, 1849. Webster partly burns his victim. The remains identified by a set of false teeth. ster convicted and hanged; trial Web Spanish pirates (twelve in number), for an act of piracy on board the brig Merican; trial at Boston; seven found guilty, five acquitted.... .Nov. 11-25, 1834 Heresy trial; Rev. Lyman Beecher, Presbyterian, before the presbytery and synod of Cincinnati, on charges preferred by March 19-30, 1850 Dr. Wilson, of holding and teaching Pe- Catherine N. Forrest v. Edwin Forrest; lagian and Arminian doctrines; acquit- divorce and alimony granted to Mrs. Forted.... .June 9 et seq., 1835 rest... . . . . . . . Dec. 16, 1851-Jan. 26, 1852 Rev. Albert Barnes, Presbyterian, for Anthony Burns, fugitive-slave case, Bosheresies in Notes on the Epistles to the ton..... May 27-31, 1854 at Indianapolis, Ind., beginning Sept. 27; Dr. Stephen T. Beale, ether case..1855 May 16; tried by a military commission United States v. Henry Hertz et al., for hiring and retaining persons to go out of the United States to enlist in the British foreign legion for the Crimea; tried in the district court of the United States for eastern district of Pennsylvania 1855 Slave case in Cincinnati, O. (see Harper's Magazine, vol. xii., p. 691) J. Y. Beall, tried at Fort Lafayette by a military commission, for seizing the steam er Philo Parsons on Lake Erie, Sept. 19, and other acts of war, without visible badge of military service; sentenced to death and hanged; trial occurs April, 1856 James P. Casey, for shooting James December, 1864 King, of William, editor of the San Fran- Capt. Henry Wirtz, commander of Ancisco Bulletin, and Charles Cora, murderer dersonville prison during the war, for of United States Marshal Richardson; cruelty; trial begins Aug. 21; Wirtz tried and hanged by the vigilance committee in San Francisco....May 20, 1856 DRED SCOTT case (q. v.) ..1856 R. J. M. Ward ("the most extraordinary murderer named in the calendar of crime"), Cleveland, O...........1857 Emma A. Cunningham, for the murder of Dr. Burdell, in New York City, Jan. 30, 1856; acquitted.... .May, 1857 Daniel E. Sickles, for killing Philip Barton Key, Washington, D. C.; acquitted April 4-26, 1859 John Brown, for insurrection in Virginia; tried Oct. 29, and executed at Charlestown, Va...... .Dec. 2, 1859 Albert W. Hicks, pirate; tried at Bedloe's Island, May 18-23; convicted of triple murder on the oyster sloop Edwin A. Johnson in New York Harbor; hanged July 13, 1860 Officers and crew of the privateer Savannah, on the charge of piracy; jury disagree.... .Oct. 23-31, 1861 Nathaniel Gordon, for engaging in the slave trade, Nov. 6-8, 1861; hanged at New York... . Feb. 21, 1862 Fitz-John Porter tried by military court 1863 hanged.... Nov. 10, 1865 Conspirators for assassination of President Lincoln.. John H. Surratt.. 1865 1867 In the case of William H. McCardle, of Mississippi, testing the constitutionality of the reconstruction act of 1867; Matthew H. Carpenter, of Wisconsin, Lyman Trumbull, of Illinois, and Henry Stanberry, Attorney-General, appear for the government, and Judge Sharkey, Robert J. Walker, of Mississippi, Charles O'Conor, of New York, Jeremiah S. Black, of Pennsylvania, and David Dudley Field for McCardle; reconstruction act repealed during the trial; habeas corpus issued Nov. 12, 1867 Andrew Johnson impeachment..... 1868 Colonel Yerger, for murder of Colonel Crane, U. S. A., at Jackson, Miss. June 8, 1869 William H. Holden, governor of North Carolina, impeached and removed March 22, 1870 Daniel MacFarland, for the murder of Albert D. Richardson, Nov. 25, 1869, in New York City; acquitted April 4-May 10, 1870 David P. Butler, governor of Nebraska, impeached for appropriating school funds, and suspended... June 2, 1870 C. L. Vallandigham, for treasonable utterances; by court-martial in Cincinnati; sentence of imprisonment during the war commuted to banishment to the South "The Bible in the public schools," case May 5-16, 1863 of; J. D. Miner et al. v. the board of Pauline Cushman, Union spy; sentenced education of Cincinnati et al.; tried in the to be hanged by a court-martial held at Superior Court of Cincinnati; arguments General Bragg's headquarters; is left be- for the use of the Bible in the public hind at the evacuation of Shelbyville, Tenn., school by William M. Ramsey, George R. and rescued by Union troops...June, 1863 Sage, and Rufus King; against, J. B. StalFor conspiracy against the United lo, George Hoadly, and Stanley Matthews States, in organizing the Order of Ameriean Knights or Sons of Liberty about Mrs. Wharton, for murder of Gen. W. S. 1870 |