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What said my man, when my betossed soul
Did not attend him as we rode? I think,
He told me, Paris should have married Juliet:
Said he not so? or did I dream it so?8

Or am I mad, hearing him talk of Juliet,
To think it was so?-O, give me thy hand,
One writ with me in sour misfortune's book!
I'll bury thee in a triumphant grave,—

A grave? O, no; a lantern, slaughter'd youth,
For here lies Juliet, and her beauty makes
This vault a feasting presence1 full of light.
Death, lie thou there, by a dead man interr'd.2

[Laying Paris in the Monument.

8 or did I dream it so?] Here the quarto 1597 not inelegantly subjoins:

"But I will satisfy thy last request,

"For thou hast priz'd thy love above thy life."

A following addition, however, obliged our author to omit these lines, though perhaps he has not substituted better in their room.

Steevens.

9 A grave? O, no; a lantern,] A lantern may not, in this instance, signify an enclosure for a lighted candle, but a louvre, or what in ancient records is styled lanternium, i. e. a spacious round or octagonal turret full of windows, by means of which cathedrals, and sometimes halls, are illuminated. See the beautiful lantern at Ely Minster.

The same word, with the same sense, occurs in Churchyard's Siege of Edinbrough Castle:

"This lofty seat and lantern of that land,

"Like lodestarre stode, and lokte o'er eu'ry streete." Again, in Philemon Holland's translation of the 12th chapter of the 35th Book of Pliny's Natural History: 66 - hence came the louvers and lanternes reared over the roofes of temples" &c.

Steevens.

1 - presence —] A presence is a publick room. Johnson. A presence means a publick room, which is at times the presence-chamber of the sovereign. So, in The Two Noble Gentlemen, by Beaumont and Fletcher, Jacques says, his master is a duke,"His chamber hung with nobles, like a presence."

Again, in Westward for Smelts, 1620: “. wounded man into the presence." Malone.

M. Mason.

the king sent for the

This thought, extravagant as it is, is borrowed by Middleton in his comedy of Blurt Master Constable, 1602:

"The darkest dungeon which spite can devise
"To throw this carcase in, her glorious eyes
"Can make as lightsome as the fairest chamber
"In Paris Louvre." Steevens.
Kk

VOL. XII.

How oft when men are at the point of death,
Have they been merry? which their keepers call
A lightning before death: O, how may I
Call this a lightning?3-O, my love! my wife!
Death, that hath suck'd the honey of thy breath,
Hath had no power yet upon thy beauty:4
Thou art not conquer'd; beauty's ensign yet
Is crimson in thy lips, and in thy cheeks,

2 — by a dead man interr'd.] Romeo being now determined to put an end to his life, considers himself as already dead. Malone. Till I read the preceding note, I supposed Romeo meant, that he placed Paris by the side of Tybalt who was already dead, and buried in the same monument. The idea, however, of a man's receiving burial from a dead undertaker, is but too like some of those miserable conceits with which our author too frequently counteracts his own pathos. Steevens.

3 O, how may I

Call this a lightning?] I think we should read:
O, now may I

Call this a lightning?

Johnson.

How is certainly right and proper Romeo had, just before, been in high spirits, a symptom, which he observes, was sometimes called a lightning before death: but how, says he, (for no situation can exempt Shakspeare's characters from the vice of punning) can I term this sad and gloomy prospect a lightning?

Ritson.

The reading of the text is that of the quarto, 1599. The first copy reads: But how, &c. which shows that Dr. Johnson's emendation cannot be right. Malone.

This idea occurs frequently in the old dramatick pieces. So, in the Second Part of The Downfall of Robert Earl of Huntingdon,

1601:

"I thought it was a lightning before death,
"Too sudden to be certain."

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Again, in Chapman's translation of the 15th Iliad: since after this he had not long to live, "This lightning flew before his death.”

Again, in his translation of the 18th Odyssey: extend their cheer

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"To th' utmost lightning that still ushers death." Steevens. 4 Death, that hath suck'd the honey of thy breath,

Hath had no power yet upon thy beauty:] So, in Sidney's Arcadia, B. III: "Death being able to divide the soule, but not the beauty from her body." Steevens.

So, in Daniel's Complaint of Rosamond, 1594:

"Decayed roses of discolour'd cheeks

"Do yet retain some notes of former grace,

"And ugly death sits faire within her face." Malone.

And death's pale flag is not advanced there.5 ---
Tybalt, liest thou there in thy bloody sheet?
O, what more favour can I do to thee,
Than with that hand that cut thy youth in twain,
To sunder his that was thine enemy?
Forgive me, cousin!—Ah, dear Juliet,
Why art thou yet so fair? Shall I believe
That unsubstantial death is amorous; 6
And that the lean abhorred monster keeps
Thee here in dark to be his paramour?
For fear of that, I will still stay with thee;
And never from this palace of dim night
Depart again; here, here will I remain

With worms that are thy chamber-maids; O, here
Will I set up my everlasting rest;7

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Is crimson in thy lips, and in thy cheeks,

And death's pale flag &c.] So, in Daniel's Complaint of Rosamond, 1594:

"And nought respecting death (the last of paines)
"Plac'd his pale colours (th' ensign of his might)

66

Upon his new-got spoil," &c.

In the first edition of Romeo and Juliet, Shakspeare is less florid in his account of the lady's beauty; and only says:

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"How well thy beauty doth become this grave!"

The speech, as it now stands, is first found in the quarto, 1599.

Ah, dear Juliet,

Why art thou yet so fair? shall I believe

Steevens.

That unsubstantial death is amorous, &c.] So, in Daniel's Complaint of Rosamond, 1594:

“Ah, now, methinks, I see death dallying seeks

"To entertain itselfe in love's sweete place." Malone. That unsubstantial death is amorous; &c.] Burton, in his Anatomy of Melancholy, edit. 1632, p. 463, speaking of the power of beauty, tells us:-"But of all the tales in this kinde, that is most memorable of Death himselfe, when he should have stroken a sweet young virgin with his dart, hee fell in love with the object."-Burton refers to Angerianus; but I have met with the same story in some other ancient book of which I have forgot the title. Steevens.

7

my everlasting rest;] See a note on scene 5th of the preceding Act, p. 354, n. 3. So, in The Spanish Gipsie, by Middleton and Rowley, 1653:

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And shake the yoke of inauspicious stars

From this world-wearied flesh.--Eyes, look your last?
Arms, take your last embrace! and lips, O you
The doors of breath, seal with a righteous kiss
A dateless bargain to engrossing death!3—
Come, bitter conduct, come, unsavoury guide!
Thou desperate pilot, now at once run on
The dashing rocks thy sea-sick weary bark!
Here's to my love!-[drinks] O, true apothecary!
Thy drugs are quick.--Thus with a kiss I die. [Dies.
Enter, at the other End of the Churchyard, Friar LAU-
RENCE, with a Lantern, Crow, and Spade.

Fri. Saint Francis be my speed! how oft to-night Have my cid feet stumbled at graves?1-Who's there?

"That he were lost, or taken prisoner,

"I could hold truce with sorrow."

To set up one's rest, is to be determined to any certain purpose, to rest in perfect confidence and resolution, to make up one's mind. Again, in the same play:

"Set up thy rest; her marriest thou, or none." Steevens.

8 Eyes, look your last!

Arms, take your last embrace! and lips, O you

The doors of breath, seal with a righteous kiss

A dateless bargain to engrossing death!] So, in Daniel's Complaint of Rosamond, 1594:

"Pitiful mouth, said he, that living gavest
"The sweetest comfort that my soul could wish,
"O, be it lawful now, that dead, thou havest
"The sorrowing farewell of a dying kiss!
"And you, fair eyes, containers of my bliss,
"Motives of love, born to be matched never,

"Entomb'd in your sweet circles, sleep for ever!"

I think there can be little doubt, from the foregoing lines and the other passages already quoted from this poem, that our author had read it recently before he wrote the last Act of the present tragedy.

A dateless bargain to engrossing death'] Engrossing seems to be used here in its clerical sense. Malone.

9 Come bitter conduct,] Marston also in his Satires, 1599, uses conduct for conductor:

"Be thou my conduct and my genius."

So, in a former scene in this play:

"And fire-ey'd fury be my conduct now." Malone.

1 how oft to-night

Have my old feet stumbled at graves?] This accident was reckoned ominous. So, in King Henry VI, P. III:

Who is it that consorts, so late, the dead?2

Bal. Here's one, a friend, and one that knows you well.
Fri. Bliss be upon you! Tell me, good my friend,

What torch is yond', that vainly lends his light
To grubs and eyeless sculls? as I discern,

It burneth in the Capels' monument.

Bal. It doth so, holy sir; and there's my master, One that you love.

Fri.

Bal.

Who is it?

Fri. How long hath he been there?
Bal.

Fri. Go with me to the vault.
Bal.

Romeo.

Full half an hour.

I dare not, sir:

My master knows not, but I am gone hence;

And fearfully did menace me with death,

If I did stay to look on his intents.

Fri. Stay then, I'll go alone :-Fear comes upon me; O, much I fear some ill unlucky thing.

Bal. As I did sleep under this yew-tree here,

I dreamt my master and another fought,3

"For many men that stumble at the threshold,
"Are well foretold, that danger lurks within.”

Again, in King Richard III, Hastings, going to execution, says: "Three times to-day my foot-cloth horse did stumble.”

Steevens.

2 Who is it &c.] This very appropriate question I have restored from the quarto 1597. To consort, is to keep company with. So, in Chapman's version of the 23d Iliad:

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'Tis the last of all care I shall take, "While I consort the careful." Steevens.

3o I dreamt my master and another fought,] This is one of the touches of nature that would have escaped the hand of any painter less attentive to it than Shakspeare. What happens to a person while he is under the manifest influence of fear, will seem to him, when he is recovered from it, like a dream. Homer, Book 8th, represents Rhesus dying fast asleep, and as it were beholding his enemy in a dream plunging a sword into his bosom. Eustathius and Dacier both applaud this image as very natural; for a man in such a condition, says Mr. Pope, awakes no further than to see confusedly what environs him, and to think it not a reality, but a vision.

Let me add, that this passage appears to have been imitated By Quintus Calaber, XIII, 125:

« Πότμον όμως ὁμόωντες ὀνείρασιν.” Steeeens.

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