A CORN-MILL IN EAST TENNESSEE. was done on May 7. The eighteen members from East Tennessee (which section remained loyal) did not vote. The legislature passed an act to submit to a vote of the people of Tennessee a declaration of independence and an ordinance of secession; also an ordinance for the adoption of the constitution of the Confederate States of America. The governor was empowered to raise 50,000 volunteers for the defence of the State," and, if necessary, to call out the whole available military strength of the commonweath, to be under the absolute immediate control of the governor. He was also authorized to issue bonds of the State for $5,000,000, to bear an annual interest of 8 per cent. and Washington Barrow, commissioners for the purpose. They negotiated a treaty with the agent of the Confederate States, Henry W. Hilliard, and on the 7th a copy of the treaty was submitted to the legislature. By the treaty the authorities of Tennessee were to turn over" to the Confederate States "all the public property, naval stores, and munitions of war of which she might then be in possession, acquired from the United States, on the same terms and in the same manner as the other States of the Confederacy." Already Governor Harris had ordered (April 29, 1861) the seizure of Tennessee bonds to the amount of $66,000 and $5,000 in cash belonging to the United States in the hands of the collector at Nashville. At about that time Jefferson Davis, disgusted with the timidity of Governor Magoffin, of Kentucky, recommended the Kentuckians "true to the South" to go into Tennessee and there "rally and organize." East Tennessee, where loyalty to the Union was strongly predominant, was kept in submission to the Confederacy by the strong arm of military power. The people longed for deliverance, which seemed near at hand when, in January, 1862, the energetic General Mitchel made an effort to seize Chattanooga. His force was too small to effect it, for E. Kirby Smith was watching that region with a strong Confederate force. Mitchel asked Buell for reinforcements, but was denied. Finally Pursuant to the act of the legislature General Negley, after a successful attack authorizing the governor to take meas- upon Confederates near Jasper, having ures to annex that State to the Con- made his way over the rugged ranges of federacy, the governor appointed Gus- the Cumberland Mountains, suddenly aptavus A. Henry, Archibald O. W. Totten, peared opposite Chattanooga (June 7). position, and for two hours he cannonaded the town and the Confederate works near. Towards evening he had heavy guns in entered the magnificent valley of east Tennessee, their baggage and stores carried, in many places, by pack-mules. On The inhabitants and Con- his entering the valley 20,000 Confedfederates fled from the town. With a few erates, commanded by GEN. SIMON B. more regiments Negley might have capt- BUCKNER (q. v), fled to Georgia and ured and held the place, and Mitchel could joined Bragg. General Burnside had been have marched into east Tennessee. But joined by General Hartsuff and his comBuell would not allow it. The Confederates mand. Their numbers were swelled by had already evacuated Cumberland Gap junction with other troops. At the mouth voluntarily, and the inhabitants of east of the Clinch River they first had comTennessee were jubilant with hope of de- munication with Colonel Minty's cavalry, liverance. But they were again disap- on Rosecrans's extreme left. At Loudon pointed and compelled to wait. The cau- bridge General Shackelford had a skirtious Buell and the fiery Mitchel did not mish with Confederates, and drove them work well together, and the latter was across the stream, they burning the soon assigned to the command of the De- magnificent structure, 2,000 feet long. partment of the South. Early in September a force of ConfederIn August, 1863, General Burnside was ates, under General Frazer, holding Cumassigned to the command of the Army of berland Gap, surrendered to the Nationals, the Ohio, and was ordered to take active and the great valley between the Cumberco-operation with the Army of the Cum- land and Alleghany Mountains (of which berland. He had gathered 20,000 men Knoxville was the metropolis), extending near Richmond, Ky., well disciplined and from Cleveland to Bristol, seemed to equipped. They left camp Aug. 21, climb- be permanently rid of armed Confedered over the Cumberland Mountains, and ates. The loyal inhabitants of that region received the National troops with open garrison of 600 men under Col. A. C. arms. After the battle of Stone River, or Murfreesboro, the armies of Rosecrans and Bragg lay confronting each other, the former at the scene of the battle and the latter below the Duck River. Bragg's main base of supplies was at Chattanooga. In that relative position the two armies continued from January until June, 1863. Meanwhile detached parties were very active in various parts of Tennessee. At the beginning of February (1863), General Wheeler, Bragg's chief of artillery, with 4,500 mounted men, with Brigadier-Generals Forrest and Wharton, attempted to recapture Fort Donelson. The chief object of the Confederates there was to interrupt the navigation of the Cumberland River, and thus interfere with the transportation of supplies for Rosecrans's army. The Confederates failed in their project, for the fort was well defended by a little Harding, assisted by gunboats. There was a severe engagement (Feb. 3), and at 8 P.M. the Confederates fled with a loss of nearly 600 men. Harding lost 156, of whom fifty were made prisoners. Late in January, Gen. J. C. Davis swept over a considerable space in thirteen days, and captured 141 of Wheeler's men. Later, Gen. Earl Van Dorn, with a large mounted force, was hovering near Franklin, below Nashville. Sheridan, at Murfreesboro, and Colonel Colburn, at Franklin, marched simultaneously to confront him. Van Dorn was accompanied by Forrest. burn, with 2,700 men, moved against Van Dorn at Spring Hill, but failed to form a junction with Sheridan. After a sharp encounter he was forced to surrender (March 5) about 1,300 of his infantry. The remainder, with the cavalry, escaped. Sheridan, with about 1,800 cavalry, skirmished in several places with the Confed Col erates, and finally at Thompson's Station, (q. v.) on an extensive raid in Alabama after a sharp engagement, captured some and Georgia in April and May, which of his antagonists and drove Van Dorn resulted in the capture of the leader and beyond the Duck River. He returned to his men. Murfreesboro with nearly 100 prisoners, Late in November, 1863, GENERAL SHERwith a loss of ten men killed and wounded. MAN (q. v.) arrived in the neighborhood of On March 18, Col. A. S. Hall with 1,400 Chattanooga. It was imperative that he men was attacked by Morgan, the guerilla, should get his army over the river without and 2,000 men at Milton, 12 miles from being discovered. To draw the attention Murfreesboro. With the aid of Harris's of the Confederates to another quarter, battery, in a three hours' struggle Hall Hooker was ordered to engage them on the repulsed Morgan, who lost 300 or 400 men northern side of Lookout Mountain. His killed and wounded. Early in April, Gen. entire force consisted of approximately Gordon Granger was in command 10,000 men. The main Confederate force Franklin, building a fort near. He had was encamped in a hollow half-way up the about 5,000 troops. Van Dorn attacked mountain, the summit of which was held him there (April 10) with 9,000 Confed- by several brigades. Hooker began the aterates. The latter intended if successful tack on the morning of November 24. to push on and seize Nashville, but he was Geary, supported by Cruft, proceeded to repulsed with a loss of about 300 men. Wauhatchie, crossing Lookout Creek there, Rosecrans sent COL. ABDEL D. STREIGHT the rest of the troops crossing in front of at tracted by that government was prohibited. These proceedings were ratified by the people, and WILLIAM G. BROWNLOW (q. v.) was chosen governor. In April the legislature ratified the Thirteenth Amendment to the national Constitution, reorganized the State government, and elected Senators to Congress. The Fourteenth Amendment to the national Constitution having been ratified by the State in 1866, it was soon afterwards admitted to representation in Congress. The constitution of the State was revised early in 1870. Population in 1890, 1,767,518; in 1900, 2,020,616. See UNITED STATES, TENNESSEE, in this volume. the Confederates on temporary bridges. nulled, and the payment of any debts conGeary crossed at eight o'clock, and, seizing a picket-guard of forty men, extended his line to the base of the mountain. By eleven o'clock Hooker was striving to drive the Confederates from the mountain; all his guns opened at once upon the breastworks and rifle-pits along the steep wooded acclivity, and Gross's and T. J. Wood's brigades, sweeping everything before them, captured the rifle-pits. At the same time the troops scaled the heights, driving the Confederates from the hollow to a plateau well up towards the crest and around towards the Chattanooga Valley. At considerably past noon the plateau was cleared, and the Confederates were retreating in confusion towards the Chattanooga Valley. Hooker established his line on the easterly face of the mountain; so that, by an enfilading fire, he completely commanded the Confederate defences, stretching across the valley to Missionary Ridge. See CHATTANOOGA CAMPAIGN, THE; LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN, BATTLE ON; MISSIONARY RIDGE, BATTLE of. TERRITORIAL GOVERNOR. William Blount, appointed governor of the STATE GOVERNORS. Aug. 7, 1790 John Sevier.........assumes office......March 30, 1796 John Sevier...... William Blount...... Joseph McMinn. 66 1803 1809 1815 Newton Cannon.. William Carroll.. Neil S. Brown.. William Trousdale... Andrew Johnson James D. Porter, Jr.. General Burnside, with the Army of the Ohio, had occupied Knoxville, Sept. 23, 1863. The Confederate General Buckner, upon his advance, evacuated east Tennessee and joined Bragg at Chattanooga. Early in November, General Livingstone, with 16,000 men, advanced against Knoxville. On the 14th he crossed the Tennessee. Burnside repulsed him on the 16th at Campbell's Station, thereby gaining time to concentrate his army in Knoxville. Longstreet advanced, laid siege to the town, and assaulted it twice (Nov. 18 and 29), but was repulsed. Meantime Grant had defeated Bragg at Chattanooga, and Sherman, with 25,000 men, was on the way to leave Knoxville. Livingstone, compelled to raise the siege, therefore, retired James B. Frazier.... up the Holston River, but did not entirely abandon eastern Tennessee until the next spring, when he again joined Lee in Virginia. w. G. Brownlow.. William B. Bate... Peter Turney. ... ... ... ... ... ... • On Jan. 9, 1865, a State convention assembled at Nashville and proposed amend ments to the constitution abolishing slavery and prohibiting the legislative recognition of property in man. The military league with the Confederacy, the George W. Campbell ordinance of secession, and all acts of the Confederate States government were an- George W. Campbell.. Daniel Smith.. Jesse Wharton.. 4th to 5th 5th 6th to 14th 9th 11th 11th 12th 12th 13th 13th 14th 14th 18th 14th 15th Term. 1796 to 1797 1796 46 1805 1797 1798 1798 1799 to 1815 1805 1809 1809 " 1811 1811" 1814 1814 1815 1815" 1823 |