1000. While exploring the neighborhood prior to 1743; Discourse on the 200th Tyrker reported the discovery of vines Anniversary of the Birth of William loaded with grapes, which caused Leif to Penn; Report on the Arctic Exploracall the country Vinland. tions of Dr. Elisha K. Kane, etc. He died in Montgomery county, Pa., June 27, 1858. Tyson, JACOB, legislator; member of the House of Representatives from New York, 1823 to 1825, and member of the New York State Senate from Richmond county in 1828. Tytler, PATRICK FRASER, historian; born in Edinburgh, Scotland, Aug. 30, 1791; was educated at the University of Tyson, JOB ROBERTS, lawyer; born in Edinburgh; admitted to the bar in ScotPhiladelphia, Pa., Feb. 8, 1803; admitted land, but devoted himself to biographical to the bar in 1855-57. He was the au- and historical researches; and wrote Sir thor of Essay on the Penal Laws of Walter Raleigh; An Historical View of Pennsylvania; The Lottery System of the the Progress of Discovery on the NorthUnited States; Social and Intellectual ern Coasts of America, etc. He died in State of the Colony of Pennsylvania Great Malvern, England, Dec. 24, 1849. U. Uchee Indians, a diminutive nation, seated in the beautiful country, in Georgia, extending from the Savannah River at Augusta to Milledgeville and along the banks of the Oconee and the headwaters of the Ogeechee and Chattahoochee. They were once a powerful nation, and claimed to be the oldest on the continent. Their language was harsh, and unlike that of any other; and they had no tradition of their origin, or of their ever having occupied any other territory than the domain on which they were found. They have been driven beyond the Mississippi by the pressure of civilization, and have become partially absorbed by the Creeks. Their language is almost forgotten, and the Uchees are, practically, one of the extinct nations. Uhl, EDWIN F., lawyer; born in Avon Springs, N. Y., in 1841; taken to Michigan by his parents in 1846; graduated at the University of Michigan in 1861; began the practice of law in 1866; appointed assistant Secretary of State in 1893; was ambassador to Germany in 1896-97. He died in Grand Rapids, Mich., May 17, 1901. Ülke, HENRY, portrait-painter; born in Frankenstein, Prussia, Jan. 29, 1821; studied under Professor Wach, in Berlin, in 1842-46; employed in fresco-painting in the Royal Museum, Berlin, in 1846-48; came to the United States in 1851; settled in Washington in 1857. His works include portraits of General Grant, James G. Blaine, Gen. John Sherman, Charles Sumner, Secretary Edwin M. Stanton, Attorney-General Garland, etc., for the United States government. Ulloa, ANTONIO DE, naval officer; born in Seville, Jan. 12, 1716; entered the Spanish navy in 1733 and became lieutenant in 1735; came to the United States as governor of Louisiana in 1766, but was forced to leave because he failed to win over the colonists to Spain. He had command of a fleet which was sent to the Azores, with sealed orders to proceed to Havana and join an expedition against Florida. He neglected to open his orders and was tried by court-martial in 1780, and acquitted. He died on the island of Leon, July 3, 1795. Ulloa, FRANCISCO DE, explorer; born in Spain; became a lieutenant of Cortez in his explorations in America, and was left by him. in 1535, in charge of the colony of Santa Cruz. In 1539-40 he commanded the expedition that explored California, giving to the gulf the name of Sea of Cortez, and discovered that southern California was a peninsula. He died on the Pacific coast in 1540. Unalaska, or Ounalaska, an island and district in the Aleutian group, at the extremity of the Alaska peninsula; for many years a base of supplies for whalers. Uncas, Mohegan chief; born in the Pequot Settlement, Conn., about 1588; was originally a Pequot sachem, but about 1635 he revolted against Sassacus and business, because he had given a promise that he would not attempt to escape, on a pledge of freedom at a certain time; but his master died before the appointed time and Henson was sold as a slave. gathered a band of Indians who were known by the name of Mohegans, the ancient title of his nation. He joined the English in their war with the Pequots in 1637, and received for his services a portion of the Pequot territory. When the Underground Railroad, a popular deswar was over, Uncas shielded many of ignation of the secret means by which the Pequots from the wrath of the Eng. slaves, fleeing from the slave-labor States lish, and incurred the enmity of the for their liberty, escaped through the I colonists for a time; but the white people Northern States into Canada during the soon gave him their confidence, and treated operation of the fugitive slave law. him with so much distinction that jealous These secret means were various kinds of Indians tried to assassinate him. For aid given to the slaves by their Northern this treachery Uncas conquered one of the friends. See FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW. sachems in Connecticut, and in 1643 he Underhill, JOHN, colonist; born in overpowered the Narragansets and took Warwickshire, England; was a soldier Miantonomoh prisoner. He died in what on the Continent; came to New Engis now Norwich, Conn., in 1682. See land with Winthrop in 1630; repreMIANTONOMOH; PEQUOT. sented Boston in the General Court; ished from Boston as a heretic, he went to England, and there published a history of the Pequot War, entitled News from America. Dover, N. H., regarded as a place of refuge for the persecuted, received Underhill, and he was chosen governor. It was discovered that it lay within the chartered limits of Massachusetts, and the latter claimed political jurisdic tion over it. Underhill treated the claim with contempt at first, but, being accused of gross immorality, he became alarmed, Uncle Sam, a popular name of the favored Mrs. Hutchinson (see HUTCHINgovernment of the United States. Its SONIAN CONTROVERSY), and was associated origin was as follows: Samuel Wil- with Captain Mason, in command of son, commonly called "Uncle Sam," forces in the Pequot War, in 1637. Banwas an inspector of beef and pork, in Troy, N. Y., purchased for the government after the declaration of war against England in 1812. A contractor named Elbert Anderson purchased a quantity of provisions, and the barrels were marked “E. A.,” the initials of his name, and "U. S.," for United States. The latter initials were not familiar to Wilson's workmen, who inquired what they meant. A facetious fellow answered, "I don't now, unless they mean 'Uncle Sam.'" A vast amount of property afterwards and not only yielded his power, but urged passed through Wilson's hands, marked in the same way, and he was rallied on the extent of his possessions. The joke spread, and it was not long before the initials of the United States were regarded as "Uncle Sam," which name has been in popular parlance ever since. The song says: "Uncle Sam is rich enough to give us all a farm." the people to submit to Massachusetts. He went before the General Court and made the most abject confession of the truth of the charges. He did the same publicly in the church, and was excommunicated. He afterwards lived at Stamford, Conn., and in 1646 went to Flushing, L. I. In the war between the Dutch and Indians he commanded troops, and in 1655 he represented Oyster Bay in the assembly at Hempstead. He died in Oyster Bay, L. I., about 1672. His descendants still possess lands given to him by Indians on Long Island. See PEQUOT. Uncle Tom's Cabin, Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel, first published as a serial in the National Era, in Washington, D. C., in 1850, and completed in Boston in 1852. The Rev. Josiah Henson, who Underwood, FRANCIS HENRY, author; died in Dresden, Ontario, Canada, May born in Enfield, Mass.; educated in Am5, 1883, at the age of ninety-three, was herst; taught in Kentucky; and was adthe original of Uncle Tom. He was a mitted to the bar; returned to Massaslave who was permitted to go freely chusetts in 1850, and was active in the from Kentucky to Ohio on his master's anti-slavery cause; was clerk of the State Senate in 1852, assisted in the manage- signia became that of the English Whigs, ment of the Atlantic Monthly for two or champions of constitutional liberty. years; clerk of the Superior Court of The American Whigs naturally adopted Boston for eleven years; United States these colors for a military uniform. In consul to Glasgow in 1885; and wrote the battle of Bunker (Breed's) Hill there Hand-book of American Literature; were no uniformed companies. Washingbiographical sketches of Longfellow, ton prescribed a uniform for his officers Whittier, Lowell, etc. He died in Edin- on his arrival soon afterwards. Their burgh, Scotland, Aug. 7, 1894. coats were blue faced with buff, and the Underwood, JOHN COX, engineer; born generals each wore a ribbon across the in Georgetown, D. C., Sept. 12, 1840; breast-each grade of a separate color. graduated at Rensselaer Polytechnic In- Field-officers wore different-colored cock stitute in 1862; served in the Confeder- ades to distinguish their rank. Brown ate army as military engineer in Vir- being then the color most convenient to ginia, but was taken prisoner in 1863 be procured, Washington prescribed for and confined in Fort Warren till the the field-officers brown coats, the distinc close of the war. He was mayor of Bowl- tion between regiments to be marked by ing Green, Ky., in 1870-72; city, county, the facings. He also recommended the and (consulting) State engineer in 1866- general adoption by the rank and file of 75; lieutenant-governor of Kentucky in the hunting-shirt, with trousers buttoned 1875-79; major-general of the United at the ankle. This was always the cosConfederate Veterans in 1891-95; and tume of the riflemen or sharp-shooters; superintendent and secretary of the Confederate Memorial Association in 1896. He published various documents; established the Kentucky Intelligencer; organized a publishing company in Cincin nati, O., in 1881; and issued the Daily News, of which he was managing editor. Uniforms of the American Army. The American provincial troops serving with British regulars in the colonial wars were generally without uniforms; but there were exceptions. The New Jersey infantry, under Colonel Schuyler, were clad in blue cloth, and obtained the name of "The Jersey Blues." Their coats were blue faced with red, gray stockings, and buckskin breeches. The portrait of Washington, painted by Charles Wilson Peale in 1772, shows his dress as a Virginia colonel of infantry to be a blue coat faced with buff, and buff waistcoat and breeches. This was his uniform during the Revolution, and in it he appeared at the session of the second Continental Congress (1775), indicating, as Mr. Adams construed it, his readiness for the field in any station. In this costume he appeared when, early in July, 1775, he took command of the army at Cambridge. and Washington remarked that "it is a dress justly supposed to carry no small terror to the enemy, who think every such person a complete marksman.” These hunting-shirts were black, white, or of neutral colors. The uniform of Washing. ton's Life-guard, organized early in the war, was a blue coat faced with buff, red waistcoat, buckskin breeches, and black felt hat bound with white tape. The different colonies had uniformed companies in the earlier period of the struggle. The prevailing color of their coats was blue, with buff or white facings. For a long time the artillery were not uniformed, but in 1777 their regulation costume was a dark-blue or black coat reaching to the knee and full-trimmed, the lapels fastened back, with ten openworked buttonholes in yellow silk on the breast of each lapel, and ten large regimental yellow buttons at equal distances on each side, three large yellow regimental buttons on each cuff, and a like number on each pocket-flap; the skirts to hook back, showing the red lining; bottom of coat cut square; red lapels, cuff-linings, and standing capes; single-breasted white waistcoat with twelve small regimental There is a political significance in the buttons; white breeches, black halfblue-and-buff-colored uniform. The coats gaiters, white stock, ruffled bosoms and of the soldiers of William of Orange who wristlets, and black cocked hat bound invaded Ireland in 1689 were blue faced with yellow; red plume and black cockwith orange or buff, and this Holland in- ade; gilt-handled small-sword, and gilt epaulets." For the navy officers, blue retain their uniforms. The cavalry had coats with red facings, red waistcoats, brass helmets, with white horse-hair. It blue breeches, and yellow buttons; and for its marine officers, a green coat with white facings, white breeches edged with green, white waistcoat, white buttons, silver epaulets, and black gaiters. The distress of the American soldiers for want of clothing was at its height during their winter encampment at Valley Forge. Baron Steuben wrote: "The description of the dress is most easily given. The men were literally naked some of them in the fullest extent of the word. The officers who had coats had them of every color and make. I saw an officer at a grand parade at Valley Forge mounting guard in a sort of dressing-gown made of an old blanket or woollen bed-cover." The uniform of the Continental army was prescribed by a general order issued in October, 1779, by the commander-inchief. The coat was to be blue, and the facings for infantry varied-white, buff, red, and blue. Those of the artillery and artificers were faced with scarlet, with scarlet linings, and of the light dragoons faced with white; white buttons and linings. Until this time the uniforms of the Continental army had been variegated. In the summer of 1780 Washington prescribed the uniforms of the general officers, and of the staff generally. The coats and facings were the same as those already prescribed-blue, buff, and white. The major-generals to wear two epaulets, with two stars upon each, and a black and white feather in the hat; the brigadiers a single star and a white feather; the colonels, two epaulets; the captains, an epaulet on the right shoulder; the subalterns, an epaulet on the left shoulder; the aides-de-camp, the uniform of their rank and corps; those of the major-generals and brigadier-generals to have a green feather in the hat; those of the commander-in-chief, a white feather. Cockades were to be worn in the hat by all military men. In the field, such of the regiments as had hunting-shirts were required to wear them. was found difficult to procure the prescribed color for clothing, and the order was only partially complied with. White facings were generally used; the buff rarely, excepting by the general officers. At the close of the Revolution some of the colonels of infantry wore black, round hats, with black and red feathers. During the period of the Confederation the troops retained substantially the uniform of the Continental army. In 1787 the shoulderstrap of dark blue edged with red first made its appearance. In 1792 bear-skincovered knapsacks, instead of linen painted ones, were first issued to the troops. In 1796 the infantry had dark-blue coats reaching to the knee and full-trimmed, scarlet lapels, cuffs, and standing capes, retaining white buttons, white trimmings, and white under-dress, black stocks, and cocked hats with white binding. Black top-boots now replaced the shoe and black half-gaiter. In 1794 the artillery wore helmets with red plumes. The coats of the musicians were red, with pale-blue facings, blue waistcoats and breeches, and a silk epaulet for the chief musician. This was the uniform of the drummers in the royal regiments of the British army at an early period, it being the royal livery. The red coat was the uniform of the drummers in the American army until 1857. In 1799 the white plume was prescribed for the infantry. The cavalry had green coats and white facings, white vests and breeches, top-boots, and leather helmet with black horse-hair. In Jefferson's administration the infantry wore round ("stove-pipe ") hats, with brim three inches wide, and with a strip of bear-skin across the crown. Artillery officers had gold epaulets. The infantry wore a white belt over the shoulder and across the breast, with an oval breastplate three by two and a half inches, ornamented with an eagle. In 1810 high standing collars for the coats were prescribed, and in 1812 they were ordered to "reach the tip of the ear, and in front as high as the chin would permit in turning the head." At that time many changes were made in the uniform. Officers of the general staff wore cocked hats without feathers; single-breasted blue coats with ten gilt buttons; vest and In the summer of 1782 the uniform of the infantry and cavalry were prescribed as follows: "Blue ground, with red facings and white linings, and buttoned," the artillery and sappers and miners to |