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workmen. The founder muft now be provided with a ladle, which differs nothing from other iron ladles but in its fize; and he is provided always with ladles of feveral fizes, which he ufes according to the fize of the letters he is to caft. Before the cafter begins to caft, he muft kindle his fire in the furnace to melt the metal in the pan: Therefore he takes the pan out of the hole in the ftone, and there lays in coals and kindles them; and, when they are well kindled, he fets the pan in again, and puts in metal into it to melt: if it be a finall bodied letter he cafts, or a thin letter of great bodies, his metal mutt be very hot; nay fometimes red-hot, to make the letter come, Then having chofen a ladle that will hold about as much as the letter and break are, he lays it at the ftoking hole, where the flame burfts out, to heat. Then he ties a thin leather, cut with its narrow end against the face to the leather groove of the matrice, by whipping a brown thread twice about the leather groove, and faftening the thread with a knot. Then he puts both halves of the mould together, and puts the matrice into the matrice cheek, and places the foot of the matrice on the ftool of the mould, and the broad end of the leather upon the wood of the upper half of the mould; but not tight up, left it might hinder the fout of the matrice from finking clofe down upon the ftool in a train of work. Then laying a little rofin on the upper wood of the mould, and having his cafting ladle hot, he with the boiling fide of it melts the rofin: and, when it is yet melted, preffes the board end of the leather hard down on the wood, and fo faftens it to the wood; all this is the preparation. Now he proceeds to caft. ing; Placing the under half of the mould in his left hand, with the hook or hag forward, he clutches the end of its wood between the lower part of the ball of his thumb and his three hind fingers; then he lays the upper half of the mould upon the under half, fo that the male gauges may fall into the female gauges, and at the fame time the foot of the matrice places itself upon the ftool; and clafping his left hand thumb ftrong over the upper half of the mould, he nimbly catches hold of the bow or fpring with his right hand fingers at the top of it, and his thumb under it, and places the point of it against the middle of the notch in the back fide of the matrice, paffing it both forwards towards the mould, and downwards by the fhoulder of the notch close upon the ftool; while at the fame time with his hinder fingers, he draws the under half of the mould towards the ball of his thumb, and thrufts by the ball of his thumb the upper part towards his fingers, that both the regifters of the mould may prefs againft both fides of the matrice, and his thumb and fingers prefs both halves of the mould clofe together. Then he takes the handle of his ladle in his right hand, and with the boll of it gives a ftroke, two or three, outwards upon the furface of the melted metal, to fcum or clear it from the film or duft that may fwim upon it; then he takes up the ladle full of metal, and having this mould, as aforefaid, in his left hand, he a little twifts the left fide of his body from the furnace, and brings the geat of his ladle (full of metal) to the mouth of the mould, and twifts the upper part of his right hand towards

him to turn the metal into it, while at the fame moment of time he jilts the mould in his left hand forwards, to receive the metal with a strong fhake (as it is called), not only into the body of the mould, but while the metal is yet hot, running fwift and ftrongly, into the very face of the matrice, to receive its perfect form there, as well as in the fhank. Then he takes the upper half of the mould off the under half, by placing his right hand thumb on the end of the wood next his left hand thumb, and his two middle fingers at the other end of the wood) and finding the letter and break lie in the under half of the mould (as most commonly by reafon of its weight it does), he throws or toffes the letter, break and all, upon a fheet of wafte paper laid for that purpose on the bench, juft a little beyond his left hand, and is then ready to caft another letter as before; and alfo, the whole number that is to be caft with that matrice. A workman will ordinarily caft about 3000 of these letters in a day. When the cafters at the furnace have got a fufficient number of types upon the tables, a fet of boys come and nimbly break away the jets from them: the jets are thrown into the pots, and the types are car. ried away in parcels to other boys, who pass them swiftly under their fingers, defended by leather, upon smooth flat ftones, in order to polish their broad fides. This is a very dexterous operation, and is a remarkable inftance of what may be effected by the power of habit and long practice; for these boys, in turning up the other fide of the type, do it fo quickly by a mere touch of the fingers of the left hand, as not to require the leaft perceptible intermiffion in the motion of the right hand upon the ftone. The types, thus finely smoothed and flattened on the broad fides, are next carried to another fet of boys, who fit at a square table, two on each fide, and are there ranged up on long rulers or fticks, fitted with a small projection, to hinder them from fliding off backwards. When these sticks are fo filled, they are placed, two and two, upon a fet of wooden pins fixed into the wall, near the dreffer, fometimes to the amount of an hundred, in order to undergo the finishing operations. This workman, who is always the most expert and skilful in all the different branches carried on at the foundery, begins by taking one of thefe fticks, and, with a peculiar addrefs, flides the whole column of types off npon the dreiling flick: this is made of well feafoned mahogany, and furnished with two end pieces of feel, a little lower than the body of the types, one of which is moveable fo as to approach the other by means of a long fcrew-pin, inferted in the end of the stick. The types are put into this stick with their faces next to the back or projection; and after they are adjusted to one another fo as to ftand even, they are then bound up, by fcrewing home the moveable end-piece. It is here where the great and requifite accuracy of the moulds comes to be perceived; for in this cafe the whole column, fo bound up, lies flat and true upon the ftick, the two extreme types being quite parallel, and the whole has the appearance of one folid continuous plate of metal. The leaft inaccuracy in the exact paralleliim of the individual type, when multiplied fo many times, would render it impof

The excellence of printing types confifts not crily in the due performance of all the operations above defcribed, but also in the hardness of the met, form, and fine proportion of the character, and in the exact bearing and ranging of the letters in relation to one another.

4. FOUNDRY OF SMALL WORKS, OF CASTING IN SAND, The find used for cafting small works is at firft of a pretty foft, yellowish, and clammy nature: but it being neceffary to firew charcoal duft in the mould, it at length becomes of a quite black colour. The red-hot metal, by burning par of the fand, contributes alfo to blacken it. Thu fand is worked over and over, with a roller, on a board, placed across a cheft to receive it, after it is by thefe means fufficiently prepared, and freed from fmall ftones or hard lumps of fand. Th done, they take a fmooth wooden board of a length and breadth proportioned to the things to be caft, and laying the first half of an open mould, or wooden frame upon it, they place within it v pon the board, either wooden or metal models of what they intend to caft, and then fill it up with the prepared fand, a little moistened to make it cohere properly, prefling it upon the patterns with the roller, fo as to leave their impreffion in it. Along the middle of the mould is alfo laid half a small brafs cylinder to make an impreffion for the chief canal for the metal to run through, when melted, into the models or patterns; and from this chief canal are drawn feveral others, which extend to each model or pattern placed in the frame. Then placing the other half of the mould over the one with the patterns in it, fo that the pins enter into the holes that correfpond to them in the other, they proceed to work it in the fanie manner, fo as to make the two cavities of the pattern fall exactly on each other. After both frames of the mould are thus finifhed, and their Backs fcraped fmooth, they take out the patterns, firft loofening them gently all round, that the fand may not give way. The moulds are then carried to the melter; who, after ftrewing mill duft over them, dries them in a kind of oven for that purpose. Both parts of the mould being dry, they are again joined together by means of the pins; and to prevent their giving way, by reafon of the melted metal pafling through the chief cylindrical ex nal, they are fcrewed or wedged up in a pair of wooden fcrews, like a kind of prefs. When the moulds are thus prepared, the metal is melted in a crucible, or a fize proportionate to the quantity of metal intended to be caft, and when brought to a proper heat, is poured into them at the mouth of the chief canal When the moulds are coolish, the frames are unfcrewed, aud the caft work taken out of the fand, which is wet and worked over again for other caftings.

fible to bind them up in this manner, by difpofing them to rife or spring from the ftick by the fmalleft preffure from the fcrew. Now, when lying fo conveniently with the narrow edges uppermoft, which cannot poffibly be smoothed in the manner before mentioned by the ftones. the workman does this more effectually by fcraping the surface of the column with a thick edged but tharp razor, which at every ftroke brings on a very fine fmooth fkin, like to polished filver; and thus he proceeds till in about half a minute he comes to the farther end of the stick. The other edges of the types are next turned upwards, and polished in the fame manner. It is whilft the types thus lie in the dref, fing stick that the operation of bearding or barbing is performed, which is effected by running a plane, faced with feel, along the fhoulder of the body next to the face, which takes more or lefs off the corner, as occafion may require. Whilst in the drefling fick they are alfo grooved, which is a very material operation. To underftand this, it must be remembered, that when the types are first broken off from the jets, fome fuperfluous metal always remains, which would inake them bear very unequally against the paper whilft under the printing prefs, and effectually mar the impreflion. That all thefe inequalities may, therefore, be taken away, and that the bear ings of every type may be regulated by the fhoulders imparted to them all alike from the mould, the workman or dreffer proceeds in the following manner. The types being screwed up in the ftick, as before mentioned, with the jet-end outermoft, and projecting beyond the wood about one 8th of an inch, the flick is put into an open prefs, fo as to prefent the jet end uppermott, and then every thing is made faft by driving a long wedge, which bears upon a flip of wood, which lies clofe to the types the whole length: then a plane is applied,, which is fo conftructed as to embrace the projecting part of the types betwixt its long fides, which are made of polished iron. When the plane is thus applied, the fteel cutter bearing upon that part between the thoulders of the types, where the inequalities lie, the dreffer dexteroufly glides it along, and by this means ftrips off every irregular part that comes in the way, and fo makes an uniform groove the whole length, and leaves the two shoulders ftanding; by which means every type becomes precifely like to another, as to the height against paper. The types being now finish. ed, the flick is taken out of the prefs, and the whole column replaced upon the other ftick; and after the whole are fo dreffed, he proceeds to pick out the bad letters, previous to putting them up into pages and papers. In doing this he takes the stick into his left hand, and turning the faces near to the light, he examines them carefully, and whenever an imperfect and damaged letter occurs, he nimbly plucks it out with a sharp bodkin, which he holds in the right hand for that purpofe. Thofe letters which, from their form, project over the body of the type, and which cannot on this account be rubbed on the ftones, are fcraped on the broad fides with a knife or file, and fome of the metal next the face pared away with a penknife, in order to allow the type to come clofe to any other. This operation is called KERNING.

5. FOUNDERY OF STATUES. The cafting of ftatues depends on the due preparation of the pit, the core, the wax, the outer mould, the inferior furnace to melt off the wax, and the upper to fufe the metal. The pit is a hole dug in a dry place fomething deeper than the intended figure, and made according to the prominence of certain parts thereof. The intide of the pit is commonly lined with ftone, or brick; or, when the figure is very large, they fometimes work on the ground, and

edges of the fquare pit, is made a large furnace to melt the metal. In the other way, it is fufficient to work the mould above ground, but with the like precaution of a furnace and grate underneath. When finished, 4 walls are to be run around it, and by the fide thereof a maffive made for a melting furnace. For the reft the method is the fame in both. The mould being finished, and inclofed as defcribed, whether under ground or above it, a moderate fire is lighted in the furnace under it, and the whole covered with planks, that the wax may melt gently down, and run out at pipes contrived for that purpose, at the foot of the mould, which are afterwards exactly closed with earth, fo foon as the wax is carried off. This done, the hole is filled up with bricks thrown in at random, and the fire in the furnace augmented, till fuch time as both the bricks and mould become red hot. After this, the fire being extinguished, and every thing cold again, they take out the bricks, and fill up their place with earth moistened, and a little beaten to the top of the mould, in order to make it the more firm and fleady. Thefe preparatory measures being duly taken, there remains nothing but to melt the metal, and run it into the mould. This is the office of the furnace above defcribed, which is commonly made in the form of an oven with three apertures, one to put in the wood, another for a vent, and a third to run the metal out at. From this laft aperture, which is kept very clofe, while the metal is in fufion, a fmall tube is laid, whereby the melted metal is conveyed into a large earthen bafon, over the mould, into the bottom of which all the big branches of the jets, or cafts, which are to convey the metal into all the parts of the mould, are inferted. Thefe cafts or jets are all terminated with a kind of plugs, which are kept clofe, that, upon opening the furnace, the brafs, which gushes over with violence, may not enter any of them, till the bafon be full enough of matter to run into them all at once. Upon which occafion they pull out the plugs, which are long iron rods with a head at one end, capable of filling the whole diameter of each tube. The whole of the furnace is opened with a long piece of iron fitted at the end of each pole, and the mould filled in an inftant. This completes the work in relation to the caning part; the reft being the fculptor's or carver's bufinefs, who, taking the figure out of the mould and earth wherewith it is encompaffed, faws off the jets with which it appears covered over, and repairs it with chiffels, gravers,uncheons. &c

raile a proper fence to retift the impulfion of the melted metal. The inner mould, or core is a rude mals to which is given the intended attitude and contours. It is raised on an iron grate, ftrong enough to fuftain it, and is ftrengthened within by feveral bars of iron. It is generally made either of potter's clay, mixed with hair and horfe dung; or of plafter of Paris mixed with brick duft. The ufe of the core is to fupport the wax, the thell, and leffen the weight of the metal. The iron bars and the core are taken out of the brafs figure through an aperture left in it for that purpole, which is foldered up afterwards. It is neceffary to leave fome of the iron bars of the core, that contribute to the fteadiness of the projecting part, within the brafs figure. The wax is a reprefentation of the intended ftatue. If it be a piece of fculpture, the wax fhould be all of the fculptor's own band, who ufually forms it on the core Though it may be wrought feparately in cavities, moulded on a model, and afterwards arraged on the ribs of iron over the grate; filling the vacant fpace in the middle with liquid plafter and brick-duft, whereby the inner core is proportioned as the fculptor carries on the wax. When the wax, which is the intended thickness of the metal, is finished, they fill fmall waxen tubes perpendicular to it from top to bottom, to ferve both as canals for the conveyance of the metal to all pirts of the work; and as vent-holes, to give pafge to the air, which would otherwife occafion great diforder when the hot-metal came to encom. palit. The work being brought thus far, muft be covered with its fhell, which is a kind of cruft bid over the wax, and which being of a foft matter, eafily receives the impreffion of every part, which is afterwards communicated to the metal upon its taking the place of the wax, between the fhell and the mould. The matter of this outer mould is varied according as different layers are applied. The firft is generally a compofition of clay, and old white crucibles well ground and fified, and mixed up with water to the confiftence of a colour fit for painting: accordingly they ap ply it with a pencil, laying it 7 or 8 times over, and 1 tting it dry between whiles. For the zd impreffion, they add horfe-dung and earth to the former compofition. The 3d impreffion is only hore dung and earth. Laftly, the fhell is finish - laying on feveral more impreffions of this lat matter, made very thick with the hand. The feil thus finifhed, is fecured by feveral iron Firths bound round it, at about half a foot diftance from each other, and faftened at the bottom to the grate under the ftatue, and at top to a cirle of iron where they all terminate. If the ftatue be fo big that it would not be easy to move the tagalds with fafety, they must be wrought on the pot where it is to be caft. This is performed two ways: in the firft, a fquare hole is dug under ground, much bigger than the 'mould to be made therein, and its infide lined with walls of free-ftone Brick. At the bottom is made a hole of the fanie materials, with a kind of furnace, having its aperture outwards: in this is a fire made to dry the mould, and afterwards melt the wax. Over this furnace is placed the grate, and upon this the mould, &c. formed as above. Laftly, at one of the

* FOUNTAINLESS. adj. [from fountain.] IIa. ving no fountain; wan ing a fpring.So large

The profpect was, that here and there was room For barren defert fountainless and dry. Milton. FOUNTFUL. adj. [fount and full.] Full of springs

But when the fountful Ida's top they fcal'd with utmoll hafte,

All fell upon the high-hair'd oaks. Chap. Ilm

To FOUPE. v. a To drive with fudden impetuofity. A word out of ufe.- We pronounce, by the confeftion of ftrargers, as fmoothly and moderately as any of the northern nations, who

foupe

foupe their words out of the throat with fat and full fpirits. Camden.

FOUQUIERES, James, an eminent painter, born at Antwerp in 1580. He received his chief inftructions from Velvet Brughel; and applied himself to the ftudy of landscapes, and went to Rome and Venice to improve himself in colouring. He fucceeded fo happily, that his works are faid to be nearly equal to thofe of Titian. He was much careffed at the elector Palatine's court, and afterwards spent several years in France; where his works met with univerfal approbation, and were proportionably well paid for. Yet by fome mifconduct he fell into poverty, and died in the houfe of an inconfiderable painter in 1659.

*

(1.) FOUR. adj. feover, Saxon.] Twice

two.

Juft as I wifh'd, the lots were caft on four; Myself the fifth. Pops's Odyfey. (2.) FOUR, in geography, a rock in the British Channel, near the S. coaft of Jersey.

* FOURBE. n. f. [French.] A cheat; a trick ing fellow. Not in ule.

Jove's envoy, through the air,

Brings difmal tidings: as if fuch low care Could reach their thoughts, or their repose difturb!

Thou art a falfe impoftor, and a fourbe. Denh. FOURCES, a town of France, in the dept. of Gers, 6 miles WNW. of Condom.

FOURCHE, a chain of mountains in Switzerland, at the E. extremity of the Valais. FOURCHEE, or in heraldry, a crofs forked at FOURCHY, the ends. See HERALDRY. FOUR-FEET ISLAND, an ifland on the coaft of Kent, near Margate Road.

FOURFOLD. adj. [four and fold.] Four times told. He fhall reftore the lamb fourfold, because he had no pity. 2 Sam. xii. 6.

*FOURFOOTED. adj. [four and foot.] Quadruped; having twice two feet.

Augur Aftylos, whofe art in vainFrom fight diffuaded the four footed train, Now beat the hoof with Neffus on the plain. Dryden. (1.) FOUR-MILE WATER, a river of Ireland in Cork, which runs into Dunmannus By, 5 miles SW. of Bantry.

(2.) FOUR-MILE WATER, a village of Ireland in Waterford, 4 miles from Clonmell.

(1.) FOURMONT, Stephen, profeffor of the Arabic and Chinese languages, and one of the most learned men of his time, was born at Her. belai, a village 12 miles from Paris, in 1683. He ftudied in Mazarine college, and afterwards in the Seminary of Thirty-three. He was at length appointed profeffor of Arabic in the Royal College, and was made a member of the Academy of Inferiptions. In 1738, he was chofen F. R. S. in London, and of that of Berlin in 1741. He was often confulted by the duke of Orleans, who greatly esteemed him, and made him one of his fecretaries. He wrote a great number of books. The chief of those which have been printed are, 1. The Roots of the Latin Tongue, in verte. 2. Critical Reflections on the Hiftories of ancient Nations, 2 vols 4to.

3. Meditationes Senece, folio. 4. A Chinefe Grammar, in Latin, folio. 5. Several Differ.

tations printed in the Memoirs of the Academy of Infcriptions, &c. He died at Paris in 1745.

(2.) FOURMONT, Michael. youngest brother to Stephen, (N° 1.) took orders, was profeffor of the Syriac language in the Royal College, and a member of the Academy of Infcriptions. He died in 1746.

FOURNEAUX ISLAND, a fmall circular island in the S. Pacific Ocean. Lon. 143. 2. W. Lat. 17. 11. S.

FOURNELS, a town of France, in the dep. of Lozere, 7 miles W. of St Chely.

(1.) FOURNESS, a track in Loynfdale, Lanca shire, between the Kent, Leven, and Dudden Sands, which runs N. parallel with the W. fides of Cumberland and Westmoreland, and on the S. runs into the fea as a promontory. Here, as Mr Camden expresses it," the fea, as if enraged at it, lafhes it more furiously, and in high tides has even devoured the fhore, and made 3 large bays; viz. Kent-sand, into which the river Ken empties itself; Leven-fand and Dudden-fand, between which the land projects in such a manner that it has its name thence; Forenefs and Foreland, fignifying the fame with us a promontorium antérias in Latin." Bishop Gibson, however, derives the name of Fourness, or Furness, from the numer us furnaces that were there anciently, the rents and fervices of which (called bloomfmithy rents) are ftill paid. Here are feveral cotton mills erected a few years ago; and if fuel for fire were more plentiful, the trade of this country would mach increafe: but there being no coals nearer than Wigan, or Whitehaven, firing is rather fcarce, the country people ufig only turf or peat. In the moffes of Fournefs much fir is found, but more oak: the trunks in general lie with their heads to the east, the high winds having been from the weft. Fournefs produces all forts of grain, but principally oats, whereof the bread is general. ly made; and there are veins of a very rich iron ore, which is not only melted and wrought, but exported in great quantities. The three fands above-mentioned are very dangerous to travellers, by the tides and the many quickfands. There is a guide on horfeback appointed to Kent or Lan cafter-fand at rol. a year, to Leven at 61. out of the public revenue; but to Dudden-fands which are most dangerous, none; and it is no uncom mon thing for perfons to pafs over in parties of 100 at a time like caravans, under the direction of the carriers, who pafs every day. The fands are lefs dangerous than formerly, being much more tre quently paffed and better known, and travellers who are ftrangers, never going without guides.

(2.) FOURNESS ABBEY, Or" FURNIS ABBEY UP in the mountains," was begun at Tulket in Amoundernefs, in 1124, by Stephen earl of Bou logne, afterwards king of England, for the monks of Savigni in France, and three years after removed to the valley, then called Bekangefgill, or "the vale of night-thade." It was of the Ciftertian or der, endowed with above 8col. per ann. Out of the monks of this abbey, Camden fays the bishops of the Ifle of Man, which lies over against it, used to be chofen by ancient cuftom; it being as it were the mother of many monafteries in Man and Ireland. Some ruins, and part of the foffe which

furrounded

the Upper Garonne; 2 miles W. of Rieux, and 27 SW. of Touloufe.

furrounded the monaftery, are fill to be feen at Tulket. The remains at Fournefs breathe the plain fimplicity of the Ciftertian abbeys; the chapter-houfe was the only piece of elegant Gothic about it Part of the painted glafs from the E. window, reprefenting the crucifixion, &c. is preferved at Winder-mere church in Bowlnefs, Weftmoreland.

(3.) FOURNESS FELLS, high hills, with vaft piles of rocks, in the above diftrict, (N° 1.) among which the ancient Britons found a fecure retreat from the victorious Saxons: for we find them fettled here 228 years after the arrival of the Saxons; when Egfrid king of Northumberland gave St Cuthbert the land called Carthmell, with all the Britons in it, as is related in his life. In thefe mountains are quarries of a fine durable blue flate. The inhabitants rear great numbers of fheep, which browse upon the hollies. The woods afford charcoal for melting iron ore, and oak bark for tanners, in great abundance. The forefts abound with deer and willd boars, and the legh or feefe, or large flags, whofe horns are frequently found under ground here.

FOURNO, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in Caramania; 104 miles WSW. of Satalia. FOUR-O'CLOCK FLOWER. See MIRABILIS. FOURQUEVAUX, a town of France, in-the dep. of the Upper Garonne, 10 m. S. of Touloufe. FOURSCORE. adj. [four and fcore.] 1. Four times twenty; eighty-When they were out of reach, they turned and crofied the ocean to Spain, having loft four core of their fhips, and the greater part of their men. Bacon. 2. It is ufed elliptical. iy for fourscore years in numbering the age of man.-Some few might be of ufe in-council upon great occafions, 'til after threefcore and ten; and the two late minifters in Spain were fo 'till four, Store. Temple.

FOUR-SHIRE STONES, a village of Oxfordshire, near Caftleton.

*FOURSQUARE. adj. [four and square. Quadrangular; having four, fides and angles equal. The temple of Bel was invironed with a wall carrid fursquare, of great height and beauty; and on each fquare certain brazen gates curioully engraven. Raligh's Hift.

FOURTEEN. adj. [feowertyn, Sax] Four and ten; twice feven.-I am not fourteen pence on the fcore for fheer ale. Shak.

(1.) FOURTH. adj. [from foul.] The ordinal of four; the first after the third.

A third is like the former: filthy hags! Why do you fhew me this? A fourth? ftart eye! What? will the line ftretch out to th' crack of doom? Shak. See IN

(2.) FOURTH REDUNDANT, in mufic.

TERVAL.

*FOURTHLY. adv. [from fourth.] In the fourth place.-Fourthly, plants have their fed and feminal parts uppermoft, and living creatures have. them lowermoft. Bacon.

• FOURWHEELED. adj. [four and wheel.] Kunning upon twice two wheels.

Scarce twenty four wheel'd, cars, compact and strong,

The maffy load could bear, and roll along. Pope. FOUSSERET, a town of France in the dep. of VOL. X. PART I.

(1.) FOU-TCHEOU, a city of China of the ift rank in the province of Fo-KIEN. It carries on a great trade; and has a good harbour and a most magnificent bridge, which has more than 100 arches, conftructed of white ftone, and ornamented with a double baluftrade throughout. It is the refidence of a viceroy, and has under its jurifa diction 9 cities of the 3d clafs. It lies 870 miles S, of Pekin. Lon. 136. 50 E. Ferro. Lat. 26. 4. N.

(2.) FoU-TCHEOU, a city of China of the ft rank, in the prov. of Kiang-fi; formerly one of the fineft cities in the empire, but almoft ruined by the Tartar invafion. It lies 735 miles E. of Pekin. Lon. 133. 42. E. of Ferro. Lat. 27. 55. N. *FOUTRA. n. f. [from foutre, French.] A fig; a fcoff: a word of contempt. Not uled.A foutra for the world, and worldings bafe. Shak. Henry IV. FOUVENT LA VILLE, a town of France, in the dep. of Upper Saone; 7 m. NE. of Champlitte. (1.) FOWEY, FAWEY, or FOY, a populous and flourishing town of Cornwall, with a commodious haven on the British Channel. It extends above a mile on the E. fide of the river, (N° 2.) and has a fpacious market houfe, with a town hall above it, erected by the reprefentatives of the borough a few years fince, Philip Rafhleigh, efq.; and Lord Vife. Valletort. It has alfo a fine old church, a free fchool, and an hofpital. It rofe fo much formerly by naval wars and piracias, that in the reign of Edward III. its fhips refufing to ftrike when required, as they failed by Rye and Winchelfca, were attacked by the fhips of thofe ports, but defeated them; whereupon they bore their arms mixed with the arms of those two cinque ports, which gave rife to the name of the "Gallants of Fowey." And Camden, informs us that this town quartered a part of the arms of all the other Cinque Ports with their own; intimating that they had at times triumphed over them all. In the fame reign they rescued certain fhips of Ryc from diftrefs, for which this town was made a member of Cinque Ports. Edward IV. favoured. Fowey fo much, that when the French threatened to come up the river to burn it, he caufed two towers, the ruins of which are yet vifible, to be built at the public charge for its fecurity: but he was afterwards fo provoked at the inhabitants for attacking the French, after a truce proclaimed with Lewis XI. that he took away all their fhips and naval ftores, together with a chain drawn acrafs the river between the two forts, which was carried to Dartmouth. Most of the inhabitants are in the Pilchard fishery, which employs a great number of veffels. About 28,000 hlids. of fish are annually brought into this port. The corporation confifts of a n ayer, recorder, 8 aldermen, a town clerk, and 2 affiftants; the market is on Saturday 31 the fairs on May day and Sept. 1o. The toll of the market and fairs, and keyage of the harbour, were vefte! in the corporation on the payment of a fee-faim rent of about 40s. It has fent 2 members to parliament fince the 13 of Q. Elizabeth.. Fowey lies 32 miles S. of Launceston; 32 ENE. of Falmouth, 26 of Plymouth, and 240 WSW of London. Lon. 4. 23. W. Lat. 50. 19. N. (2.) FOWEY

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