succeeded in getting one of these carronades ashore above high-water mark. From this circumstance that beach is still called "Cannon Beach". In his Report, dated February 1, 1847, House Miscellaneous Report No. 29, 30th Congress, Ist Session, ordered to be printed February 28, 1848, Lieut. Howison mentions Tillamook Head as "Killimuk's Head".

A. N. Armstrong, for several years a government surveyor in Oregon, published a book entitled "Oregon", in 1857. In this book, page 74, he calls the bay, Tillamook. On page 101 he calls the Indians "Tillamooks (or Killamooks)". These are the earliest mentions I have found in early books on Oregon of the name Tillamook.

I have been unable to ascertain when the name was changed to begin with a "T" instead of a "K". Judging from the date of books, mentioning the name, it was about or at the time the County was created.

Tillamook County is now bounded: on the north by Clatsop County; on the east by Washington and Yamhill Counties, and by a small portion of Columbia County; on the south by Lincoln County; and on the west by the Pacific Ocean. county seat is Tillamook.

Coos COUNTY.

Its

Coos County was created December 22, 1853, by the Territorial Legislature. (Special Laws of 1853-4, page 13). It comprised parts of the western portions of Umpqua and Jackson Counties, and south of the Umpqua River. Its western boundary was the Pacific Ocean.

Its name is derived from a tribe of Indians of the Kusan family, whose principal habitat was at what is now called Coos Bay, in that County. The name of the tribe and of the Bay was the same. In Lewis and Clark's "Journals" the name is spelled Cook-koo-oose, (“Original Journals," Vol. 6, page 117). This name they obtained from the Clatsop Indians.

In Slacum's Report (1837) he gives the name of Coos River as Cowis. In Wilkes' "Western America," page 73, he spells

the name of the river Cowes, and on page 101, quoting from Hale, he called the Indians Kaus and says they are "on a small river called by their name, between the Umpqua and Klamet" [Rivers].

In Armstrong's "Oregon," pages 68-70, he says the name of the Bay is Kowes, but that it is usually written Coose, and he quotes from a letter by C. Clark, dated Empire City, April 23, 1855, in which the name of the Bay is spelled Coose. On page 116 he writes of the "Kouse Indians."

Coos County is now bounded: on the north and east by Douglas County; on the south by Curry County; and on the west by the Pacific Ocean. Its county seat is Coquille.

WASCO COUNTY.

Wasco County was created January 11, 1854, by the Territorial Legislature. (Special Laws of 1853-4, page 26). It comprised all of Eastern Oregon, that is, all that part of Oregon Territory east of the Cascade Mountains, from the Columbia River to the north lines of California and Nevada.

It is the name of a small tribe of Indians, who lived at a place which is now Dalles City, but colloquially called "The Dalles," although it is several miles from them. This tribe seems to have had more of a local habitation than a name. The name is not mentioned by Lewis and Clark, nor by Henry, nor Thompson, nor by many of the authors of early books on Oregon. This is probably because these Indians were few in number, and a miserable lot. Most of the early travellers passed by The Dalles in the fishing season when sometimes thousands of Indians, of various tribes, were congregated along the river, from the falls of the Columbia at Celilo, to a point where the Wasco Indians lived. The latter were therefore overlooked as a tribe. In Com. Charles Wilkes' "Narrative," under date of July 1, 1841 (Vol. 4, page 382), he says of these Indians, without giving their name: "There are only a few Indians residing near the mission during the winter, and

these are a very miserable set, who live in holes in the ground, not unlike a clay oven, in order to keep warm. They are too lazy to cut wood for their fires."

Rev. Daniel Lee says in his book, "Ten Years in Oregon," that he and Rev. H. K. W. Perkins went to The Dalles in March, 1838, to establish a mission there. He made his home there for more than two years. While he gives the names of other Indian tribes, he refers to the local Indians at the mission only as "the Dalls Indians." Dr. Elijah White, on page 192 of his book, "Ten Years in Oregon," says that on December 25, 1843, he reached Wascopum, meaning the Methodist mission at The Dalles. Rev. Gustavus Hines in his book, "Oregon," says of these Indians, under date of May 5, 1843 (page 159): "They are known by the name of the Wasco Indians, and they call their country round the Dalls, Wascopam," but on page 143 he calls them the Wascopam Indians, and, on page 151, he says they belong to the Wascopam tribe. De Saint-Amant, an Envoy of the French Government, made a trip to Oregon in 1851-2. His book, “Voyages en Californie et dans Oregon," was published in Paris in 1854On page 241, in enumerating Indian tribes east of the Cascade Mountains, he mentions the Wascos, and, on page 282, he writes of arriving at the mission of the Wascos.

In 1852 there was published at Portland by S. J. McCormick an anonymous dictionary of the Chinook jargon. A copy of the second edition, published in 1853, is in the possession of the Oregon Historical Society. On page 14, in an enumeration of Indians the Wascoes are mentioned. In Armstrong's "Oregon," page 111, he writes of these Indians as the Dalles tribe.

Elizabeth Laughlin Lord, wife of Wentworth Lord, Esq., of Dalles City, wrote a very interesting book entitled "Reminiscences of Eastern Oregon." It was published in Portland in 1903. She came to what is now Dalles City with her father and mother in the immigration of 1850. The only place she mentions the name of the Wasco Indians is on page

142, where she says: "In June, 1855, a treaty was held out on Three Mile [Creek] by General Joel Palmer with the Wasco, Deschutes and John Day Indians."

On page 16 of the preface to "Notice sur le Territoire et sur la Mission de l'Oregon," what is now called The Dalles is called "les Grande Dalles ou Wascopom."

Concerning the meaning of the word dalles, Rev. P. J. De Smet, S. J., in a letter to the Father Provincial, dated at St. Paul's Station, near Colville, May 29, 1846, wrote: "Dalle is an old French word, meaning a trough, and the name is given by the Canadian Voyageurs to all contracted running waters, hemmed in by walls of rock" (De Smet's "Oregon Missions," page 214). J. G. Swan in his "Three Years' Residence in Washington Territory" (1857), page 123, speaks of his visit to The Dalles and says that the word dalles is "a corruption of the French d'aller, a term, as I am informed, applied by the Canadian French to the raceway of a mill, which this part of the river resembles. The Dalles are rapids formed by the passage of the water between vast masses of rock."

Wasco County is now bounded: on the north by the Columbia River; on the east by the Deschutes River, Sherman County, and John Day River, the latter being the boundary between Wasco County and Wheeler County; on the south by Crook County; and on the west by Hood River County and portions of Clackamas and Marion Counties. Its county seat is Dalles City.

COLUMBIA COUNTY.

Columbia County was created January 16, 1854, by the Territorial Legislature. (Special Laws of 1853-4, page 32). It comprised the northeast part of Washington [Twality] County as it was after Clatsop County had been created.

It is named for the Columbia River, which is its eastern and northern boundary.

Columbia County is now bounded: on the north and east by the Columbia River; on the south by Multnomah and

Washington Counties; and on the west by Clatsop County and a small portion of Tillamook County. Its county seat is St. Helens.

MULTNOMAH COUNTY.

Multnomah County was created December 22, 1854, by the Territorial Legislature. (Special Laws of 1854-5, page 29). It comprises a part of the eastern portion of Washington County and a part of the northern portion of Clackamas County. It is the smallest, but the most populous and wealthy County in Oregon.

Its name is the Indian name of the Willamette River from the falls, at Oregon City, to its mouth. It was also the name of a tribe of Indians whose principal habitat was at the upper end of Wappatoo (now Sauvie's) Island, near the mouth of the Columbia River. Multnomah was not the name of a Chief nor of any one Indian, but it may have been used as a nickname. In the "Original Journals" of Lewis and Clark the name of the tribe and of the lower Willamette is spelled Mulknomau, Vol. 3, page 198; Mult-no-mah and Multnomah, Vol. 4, pages 221, 233, 242, and Vol. 6, page 116; Volume 4, page 241, the name is spelled Multnomar. It is also spelled in several ways in early books on Oregon: Multnaba, by Franchere in his "Relation," page 84, under date of May 6, 1811; Moltnoma, by Ross in his "Adventures," page 87; Multonomah, by Wyeth, in the "Journal" of his first expedition, page 178, under date of November 29, 1832; Multnomah, by Townsend, in his "Narrative," page 175; Multnomah, by Parker in his "Journal," page 141. On the same page, under date of October 17, 1835, Parker writes of the island, which he calls Wappatoo [Sauvie's], and says: "It was upon this island the Multnomah Indians formerly resided, but they have become, as a tribe, extinct." The name is also spelled: Multonomah, by Peter H. Burnett, Appendix of George Wilkes' "History of Oregon," page 98; and Multinoma, in Palmer's "Journal," page 87. Sir George Simpson, Governor-in-Chief of the Hudson's Bay