CARL SCHURZ. the Presidency; in January, 1869, he was chosen United States Senator from Missouri; opposed some of the leading measures of President Grant's administration; and took a prominent part in the organization of the Liberal Republican party which nominated Greeley in 1872. He was Secretary of the Interior in 1877-81; editor of the New York Evening Post in 1881-84; and president of the National Civil Service Reform League in 1892-1901. Schussele, CHRISTIAN, artist; born in Guebvillers, Alsace, April 16, 1824; came to the United States about 1848; was Professor of Drawing and Painting in the Pennsylvania Academy in 1868-79. His principal works include Franklin before the Lords in Council; Men of Progress, Zeisberger Preaching to the Indians; Washington at Valley Forge; and McClellan at Antietam. He died in Merchantville, N. J., Aug. 20, 1879. Schuyler, EUGENE, diplomatist; born in Ithaca, N. Y., Feb. 26, 1840; graduated at Yale College in 1859, and at the Columbia Law School in 1863; engaged in practice in 1863-66; was United States consul at Moscow in 1866-69; at Reval in 1869-70; secretary of the United States legation at St. Petersburg in 1870-76; at minister, became a brigadier-general of volunteers in April, 1862, and majorgeneral in March, 1863. He was in command of a division in the battle of Groveton, or second battle of Bull Run, and at Chancellorsville, and was temporarily in command of the 11th Corps at the battle of Gettysburg, afterwards taking part in the battle of Chattanooga. After the Constantinople in 1876-78; chargé d'afwar General Schurz resumed the practice of law in Washington, and was for some time the Washington correspondent of the New York Tribune. In 1866 he was sent to the South as a commissioner to examine and report on the condition of the Southern States, especially upon the condition of the freedmen's bureau. In the same year he founded the Detroit Post, and in 1867 he became editor of a German paper published in St. Louis. He labored earnestly for the election of General Grant to faires at Bucharest in 1880-82; minister to Greece, Servia, and Rumania in 188284; and consul-general at Cairo from 1889 till his death. He contributed to magazines and wrote American Diplomacy. He died in Cairo, Egypt, July 18, 1890. Schuyler, GEORGE LEE, sportsman; born in Rhinebeck, N. Y., June 9, 1811; became deeply interested in yachting. In 1882 the New York Yacht Club returned the America's cup to him, as its only surviving donor; but he immediately donated it anew to the club as a challenge-cup. In 1887 he was referee in the race between the Volunteer and Thistle. He published Correspondence and Remarks upon Bancroft's History of the Northern Campaign in 1777; and The Character of Major-General Philip Schuyler. He died on the yacht Electra off New London, Conn., July 31, 1890. Schuyler, GEORGE WASHINGTON, financier; born in Stillwater, N. Y., Feb. 2, 1810; graduated at the University of the City of New York in 1837; removed to Utica; treasurer of New York State in 1863-65; superintendent of the New York banking department in 1866-70; auditor of the canal department in 1876-80; was the first to advocate the abolition of tolls on canals, thus making them free waterways. He was the author of Colonial New York; Philip Schuyler and His Family (2 volumes). He died in Utica, N. Y., Feb. 1, 1888. Schuyler, PETER, military officer; born in New Jersey in 1710. He early became interested in military affairs; was commissioned colonel in 1746 and commanded a regiment which became known as the Jersey Blues"; was assigned to Fort Clinton at Saratoga and left it only when compelled to do so by lack of provisions. In 1754 when the war with France began a second time he was stationed at Oswego with his regiment, one-half of which, including himself, was later captured. Subsequently he served with his regiment in the conquest of Canada. He died in Newark, N. J., March 7, 1762. Schuyler, PETER, military officer; born in Albany, N. Y., Sept. 17, 1657; second son of Philip Pietersen Van Schuyler, the first of the name in America; entered public life when quite young, and enjoyed the confidence of his fellow-citizens. When, in 1686, Albany was incorporated a city, young Schuyler and Robert Livingston went to New York for the charter, and Schuyler was appointed the first mayor under it, which office he held eight years. In 1688 he was appointed major of the Montreal. After several skirmishes, in which he lost nineteen white men and Indians, and killed about 200 Frenchmen and Indians, he returned to Albany. He was a member of the New York Assembly from 1701 until 1713. In 1710 he went to England with five chiefs of the Five Nations, at his own expense, for the purpose of impressing them with the greatness of the English nation, and so detaching them from the French; and to arouse the government to the necessity of assisting the Americans in expelling the French from Canada, then becoming more hostile and powerful every day. After the accession of George I. (1714) he became a member of the King's council in New York. At one time he was its president, and in 1719 was acting governor. He also was militia, and towards the close of the fol- commissioner of Indian affairs, and aclowing year he was put in command of quired almost unbounded influence over the fort at Albany. It was at about that the Five Nations. He died in Albany, time that Milborne attempted to take N. Y., Feb. 19, 1724. possession of the fort. He was successfully resisted by Schuyler and some Mohawk Indians. In 1691 Schuyler led an expedition that penetrated to La Prairie, near Schuyler, PHILIP (JOHN), military officer; born in Albany, N. Y., Nov. 22, 1733; inherited the whole of his father's estate, which he divided with his brothers and sisters, and also inherited from Col. to carry the colonel and his little band of Philip Schuyler the Saratoga estate, which followers. The wounded Canadian begged he afterwards occupied. He was a captain to be taken in, but was refused. "Then of provincial troops at Fort Edward and throw me into the river," he cried, "and Lake George in 1755, became a commis- not leave me here to perish with hunger and thirst." The heart of Schuyler was touched by the poor fellow's appeals, and, handing his weapons and coat to a companion-in-arms, he bore the wounded man to the water, swam with him across the deep channel, and placed him in the hands of a surgeon. The soldier survived; and nineteen years afterwards, when Schuyler, at the head of the Northern Army of the Revolution, sent a proclamation in the French language into Canada, that soldier, living near Chambly, enlisted under the banner of Ethan Allen, that he might see and thank the preserver of his life. He went to Schuyler's tent, on the Isle aux Noix, and kissed the general's hand in token of his gratitude. PHILIP (JOHN) SCHUYLER. An influential member of the New York Assembly, Schuyler was chiefly instrumental in stimulating early resistance to British encroachments on the rights of the colonists. In the Continental Congress, in 1775, he, with Washington, drew up the regulations for the army, and he was appointed one of the first major-generals. Assigned to the command of the Northern Army, he was charged with planning and executing an invasion of Canada. An attack of gout prevented his conducting the campaign in person in the field, and after going with the army to the foot of Lake Champlain, he relinquished the command to GEN. RICHARD sary in the army the same year, and held the office until 1763. In 1756 Col. John Bradstreet was sent by Shirley to provision the garrison at Oswego. With 200 provincial troops and forty companies of boatmen, he crossed the country from Albany, by way of the Mohawk River, Wood Creek, Oneida Lake, and the Oswego MONTGOMERY (q. v.), his lieutenant, and River, and placed in the fort provision returned to Albany. He, however, adfor 5,000 troops for six months. He was dressed the inhabitants of Canada in a ciraccompanied by Schuyler, as chief com- cular letter, written in French, informing missary. His descent of the Oswego River them that "the only views of Congress had been observed by the French scouts, were to restore to them their rights, which and when he had ascended that stream every subject of the British Empire, of about 9 miles he was attacked by a strong whatever religious sentiments he may be, party of French, Canadians, and Indians. is entitled to; and that, in the execution These were driven from an island in the of these trusts, he had received the most river, and there Bradstreet made a defen- positive orders to cherish every Canadian sive stand. One of the Canadians, too and every friend to the cause of liberty, severely wounded to fly with his compan- and sacredly to guard their property." The ions, remained, and a boatman was about wise purposes of this circular were frusto despatch him, when Schuyler saved his trated by the bigotry of General Wooster, life. When, soon afterwards, Bradstreet who saw no good in Roman Catholics, and abandoned the island, only one bateau the dishonesty of Colonel Arnold, who was left. It was scarcely large enough cheated them. On his recovery from his attack of gout and Congress was compelled to tell Gates he entered with zeal upon his various that he was subordinate to Schuyler. Late duties as commander-in-chief of his de- in 1776 Gates repaired to the Congress at partment and principal Indian commis- Baltimore and renewed his intrigues so sioner. Annoyed by the insubordination successfully that, on account of false and loose discipline of some of his troops charges against Schuyler, he was appoint-with interference with his authority and ed his successor in the command of the wicked slanders of men intriguing to put Northern Department in the spring of General Gates in his place-he offered his 1777. The report of a committee of inresignation; but the Congress, knowing his quiry caused Schuyler's reinstatement a great worth, begged him to remain. Gen- few weeks afterwards. Gates was angry, eral Gates, piqued by the omission of the and wrote impertinent letters to his supeContinental Congress to appoint him one riors. He refused to serve under Schuyler, of the major-generals in the army (June, who had always treated him with the most 1775), but only adjutant-general, with generous courtesy, but hastened to the rank of brigadier-general, indulged in un- Congress, then in Philadelphia, and, by worthy intrigues for promotion. He was the misrepresentation of one of his faca favorite with some of the leading men tion, was admitted to the floor of that in Congress from New England, and very body, where he so conducted himself as to soon a Gates faction appeared in that receive rebuke. A conspiracy for the rebody. When disaster overwhelmed the moval of Schuyler and the appointment American army in Canada he was sent of Gates in his place soon ripened into thither, by order of Congress, to take com- action. The evacuation of Ticonderoga mand of it, and, because his power was early in July (1777) was charged to independent while the troops were in Can- Schuyler's inefficiency, and he was even ada, he assumed that his command would charged, indirectly, with treason. So great became the clamor against him, especially from the constituents of Gates's friends in Congress from New England, that early in August those friends procured Schuyler's removal and the appointment of Gates to his place. The patriotic Schuyler, unmoved in his sense of duty by this rank injustice, received Gates kindly and offered his services to the new commander, who treated the general with the greatest coolness. The victories over Burgoyne soon ensued, the whole preparation for which had been made by Schuyler. Left thus without command, Schuyler's vigilance was of the utmost importance to the cause, and he was called "the eye of the Northern Department." His influence in keeping the Indians neutral was of incalculable importance to the American cause at that time. Schuyler resigned his commission in April, 1779. As a member of Congress (1778-81) he was very efficient in military affairs, and was appointed to confer with Washington concerning the campaign of 1780, especially in the Southern Department. In the summer of be independent in any part of the North- 1781 Schuyler, withdrawn from military ern Department. When the troops were service, was at his home, just on the out of Canada he assumed that indepen- southern verge of the city of Albany. Plans dence. Schuyler questioned his powers, had been matured for seizing him, Govern THE SCHUYLER ARMS. or Clinton, and other leading patriots of for his fire-arms. From the window he the State. In August an attempt was made to abduct Schuyler by Walter Meyer, perceived that the house was surrounded by armed men. They were Meyer and his gang. To arouse his guard (three of whom were asleep on the grass), and, perchance, to alarm the town, he fired a pistol from his window. At the same moment Indians burst open the doors below. All these movements occurred in the space of a few minutes. Mrs. Schuyler perceived that in the confusion in going up-stairs she had left her infant (afterwards Mrs. C. V. R. Cochrane, of Oswego, N. Y., where she died in August, 1857) in the cradle below. She was about to rush to the rescue of her child, when the general restrained her. Her life was of more value than that of the infant. Her little daughter Margaret (afterwards the wife of Gen. Stephen Van SCHUYLER'S MANSION IN ALBANY. a Tory, who had eaten bread at the general's table. Meyer, at the head of a band of Tories, Canadians, and Indians, repaired to the neighborhood of Albany, where he seized a Dutch laborer and learned from him the precise condition of affairs at Schuyler's house. He was allowed to depart after taking an oath of secrecy, but, with a mental reservation, he warned the general, and Schuyler and his family were on the alert. Just at twilight of a sultry evening, a servant told the general that a stranger at the back gate desired to speak to him. He comprehended the errand. The doors of the house were immediately closed and barred, the family went to the second story, and the general hastened to his room SCHUYLER'S MANSION AT SARATOGA. CATHARINE V. R. COCHRANE, Rensselaer, the "patroon ") ran down the stairs, snatched the baby from the cradle, and bore it up in safety. As she was ascending an Indian threw a tomahawk at her. It went near the baby's head, through her dress, and stuck in the stair-railing. At the same moment one of the miscreants, supposing her to be a servant, called out, "Wench! wench! where is your master?" With quick presence of mind, she replied, "Gone to alarm the town." The Tories were then in the dining-room, engaged in plunder. The general threw up his window and called out, loudly, as to a multitude, "Come on, my brave fellows; surround the house and secure the villains |