Salaberry, CHARLES MICHEL D'IRUM he returned to the service of that country, and assisted in the defence of Ma- BERRY, Seigneur de Chambly et de Beaudrid in 1808. He was made prisoner and condemned to death, but the sentence CLAUDE ANNE ST.-SIMON. was commuted to exile. After Ferdinand VII. was re-established on the throne (1814), St.-Simon returned to Spain. He died Jan. 3, 1819. lac, military officer; born in Beauport, Salary Grab, THE. The popular name of the law passed by Congress, March 4, 1873, to increase the salaries of Senators and Representatives from $5,000 to $7,500 per year. Although it was to go into force "on and after March 4, 1873," it was so worded as to include the members of Congress who passed it, and whose terms of office expired on that day. It was, thereSt. Tammany. See TAMMANY, ST. fore, so far as they were concerned, reSt. Thomas. See DANISH WEST INDIES. troactive in its provisions, and gave to each St. Vincent. See MARTINIQUE. of them $15,000 instead of $10,000 for his St. Vincent de Paul, SOCIETY OF, a Ro- two years' services. The passage of the bill man Catholic organization engaged in the aroused a storm of indignation in all parts work of caring for the Roman Catholic of the country, and all persons united in poor in the large cities of the United condemning the course of those who had States. Its head is the superior council supported it. Every act of Congress preof the New York Circumscription, which viously passed to increase the pay of its has its office at No. 2 Lafayette Place. members had been in like manner retroLocal bodies, over which it has, in near- active in its operation, and had been ly all cases, jurisdiction, are known as regarded with similar but less intense particular councils. The principal work disfavor. In this case, however, the of the particular councils consists in feeling of popular indignation was such visiting the poor and relieving them, that the greater number of those who procuring situations for deserving per- drew the increased salaries paid the sons out of employment, and promoting excess back again into the United States attendance on the Sunday-schools of the treasury. Church. By act of the next Congress, Jan. 24, Sala, GEORGE AUGUSTUS HENRY, jour- 1874, the law was repealed, except in so nalist; born in London, England, in 1828; far as it concerned the salaries of the was educated in art, but turned his at- President and of the judges of the Supreme tention to literary work, and contrib- Court. The compensation of Senators uted to London magazines; was the Amer- and Representatives was, therefore, again ican correspondent of the London Tele- fixed at $5,000 a year, and that of the graph in 1863-64, and published Amer- Vice-President and of the cabinet officers ica in the Midst of War and America at $8,000 a year; while the salary of the Revisited. He died in Brighton, Dec. 8, President remained at $50,000, that of the 1895. chief-justice at $10,500, and those of the associate judges at $10,000 each. The thither and be chief manager of the colony. Constitution of the United States provides A grant of land, its ocean line extendthat Congress shall determine the salaries ing from 3 miles north of the Merrimac of its own members. In accordance with River to 3 miles south of the Charles this provision the first Congress passed River, and westward to the Pacific Ocean, an act (Sept. 24, 1789) fixing the com- was obtained from the council of New pensation at $6 a day while in attendance, England, March 19, 1628, and in June and $6 for each 20 miles of travel in John Endicott, one of the six patentees, going and coming. The speaker of the sailed for Naumkeag, with a small party, House was to have $12 a day. In 1866 as governor of the new settlement. Those the compensation of Senators and Repre- who were there-the remains of Conant's sentatives was increased to $5,000 a year, settlers-were disposed to question the and mileage at the rate of 20 cents a claims of the new-comers. An amicable mile going to and returning from each settlement was made, and in commemorasession. The pay of the speaker was tion of this adjustment Endicott named made $8,000 a year, the same as the Vice- the place Salem, the Hebrew word for President's. peaceful. The colony then comprised Salem, a city and the county seat of about sixty persons. Previous to this Essex county, Mass.; founded in 1626; in- emigration about thirty persons, under corporated as a city in 1836; noted for its Captain Wollaston, had set up an inhistorical associations, and its educational dependent plantation at a place which and scientific interests; population in they named Mount Wollaston (afterwards 1900, 35,956. After the abandonment of Quincy, Mass.), which soon fell under the Cape Ann there was a revival of zeal for control of a "pettifogger of Furnival's colonization at Naumkeag (Salem), and Inn," named Morton, who, being a convivJohn Endicott was chosen, by a new com- ial and licentious character, changed the pany of adventurers, to lead emigrants name to Merry Mount, and conducted him self in a most shameless manner. He sold powder and shot to the Indians; gave ref ton port bill, General Gage adjourned the Massachusetts Assembly, May 31, 1774, to uge to runaway servants; and, setting Salem, June 7. Anticipating this, the up a May-pole, he and his companions patriots in the Assembly appointed Samuel danced around it, sang ribald and obscene Adams and James Warren to act in the songs, broached a cask of wine and a hogs interim. They held private conferences head of ale, and held a great revel and with others, and arranged plans for future carousal there, to the great scandal of all action. They made arrangements for a the Puritan settlers. Morton was in Eng- Continental Congress; provided funds and land when Endicott came. The rigid munitions of war; prepared an address to Puritan, finding Merry Mount to be with other colonies inviting their co-operation in the domain of the Massachusetts char- in the measures of a general congress; and ter, proceeded to cut down the May-pole, drew up a non-importation agreement. and called the place Mount Dagon. He When the Assembly met on the 7th these rebuked the settlers there, lectured them various bold propositions were laid before severely on the "folly of amusements," it. The few partisans of the crown in the and warned them to "look there should House were astonished and alarmed. Gage be better walking." Morton was angry sent his secretary to dissolve the Assembly on his return, and defied the stout Puritan by proclamation, but the patriots were too sentiments of his neighbors. Plymouth vigilant for him. The hall doors were was called to interfere, and Captain closed, and the key was in Samuel Adams's Standish seized the bacchanalian ruler of pocket. The reading of the proclamation Merry Mount and he was sent a prisoner on the stairs was unheeded by the patriots to England. within. They adopted and signed a nonPursuant to the provisions of the Bos- importation league, and copies of this and their proposition for a general congress, 1828; educated in Berlin; made an officer at a time and place appointed, were sent to the other colonies. They chose Thomas Cushing (their speaker), and James Bowdoin, Samuel Adams, John Adams, and Robert Treat Paine as their delegates to the Continental Congress. This was the last session of the Massachusetts Assembly under a royal governor. In February, 1775, Gage heard that some cannon had been deposited at Salem by the patriots, and on Sunday, the 26th, he sent Colonel Leslie, with 140 regular troops, in a vessel from Castle William to seize them. They landed at Marblehead and marched to Salem, but, not finding the cannon there, moved on towards Danvers. Reaching a drawbridge over a stream between the two towns, they found a large number of people assembled there, and on the opposite side forty militia under Col. Timothy Pickering. The bridge was drawn up. Leslie ordered it to be let down, but Pickering refused, declaring it to be private property. Leslie determined to ferry a few troops over in a gondola that lay near. Perceiving this, some of the militia instantly scuttled the vessel. The minister at Salem (Mr. Barnard), fearing instant hostilities, interfered, and succeeded in moderating the zeal of both parties. Leslie finally promised that if he might cross, he would go only a few rods beyond. The bridge was let down, the troops marched over and beyond a short distance, and then returned to their vessel at Marblehead without finding the cannon. See WITCHCRAFT, SALEM. Salem, a city in Forsyth county, N. C., generally spoken of as the dual city of Salem-Winston. The Salem part of the twin cities was settled by Moravians in 1766; was the scene of several thrilling events in the Indian and Revolutionary wars; and was occupied by National and Confederate armies during the Civil War. Salisbury (N. C.), a Confederate prison camp, captured April 12, 1865, by General Stoneman. Fourteen hundred National soldiers were freed, and an enormous quantity of stores was captured. See CONFEDERATE STATES (Prisons). in the Prussian cavalry; distinguished himself in the Schleswig-Holstein War; came to the United States in 1861; joined the National army as colonel and served throughout the Civil War; brevetted brigadier-general of volunteers, April 15, 1865; served in Mexico under Emperor Maximilian, to whom he was an aide-de-camp; and was captured at Queretaro. He returned to Europe after the execution of Maximilian; rejoined the Prussian army; and was killed in the battle of Gravelotte, near Metz, Alsace, Aug. 13, 1870. His wife, AGNES LECLERCQ Joy, born in Swanton, Vt., in 1842; educated in Philadelphia, Pa.; married the prince Aug. 30, 1862; accompanied him through all his military campaigns in the South, where she performed useful service in field-hospitals. After the capture of her husband at Queretaro she rode to San Luis Potosi and vainly besought President Juarez to secure the freedom of Maximilian and her husband. She raised a hospital brigade with which she did much good in the FrancoPrussian War. She visited America in 1900 for the purpose of presenting the old battle-flags to the survivors of her husband's regiment, which had been in Sherman's great march to the sea. Salomon, FREDERICK, military officer: born near Halberstadt, Prussia, April 7, 1826; became government surveyor and later lieutenant of artillery; emigrated to the United States and settled in Manitowoc, Wis., as a surveyor; was chief engineer of the Manitowoc and Wisconsin Railroad in 1857-59; served through the Civil War, entering the volunteer service as captain of the 5th Missouri Infantry and rising to the rank of brigadiergeneral, June 16, 1862; was brevetted major-general of volunteers in March, 1865; mustered out of the service Aug. 25 following, and for several years thereafter was surveyor-general of Utah. Salomon, HAYM, financier; born in Lissa, Prussian Poland, about 1740; came to the United States several years before the Revolutionary War, and settled in Philadelphia, Pa., as a merchant and Salishan Indians. See FLATHEAD banker; acquired a large fortune, which INDIANS. the United States government had the use Salm-Salm, PRINCE FELIX, military of during the war. He acted as payofficer; born in Anhalt, Prussia, Dec. 25, master-general of the French forces in the United States; and loaned money to the agents or ministers of foreign states and to the United States government, a large part of which was never repaid. He died in Philadelphia, Pa., in 1785. with separate entrances when the owners had several wives. There are many church schools maintained by the Mormons, besides academies, supported by various Christian sects. See MORMONS; UTAH. Salt Water Indians. See MICMAC INDIANS. Salt Lake City, capital of the State of Utah and county seat of Salt Lake county; population in 1900, 53,531. The city is Salter, WILLIAM, clergyman; born in one of the wonders of United States Brooklyn, N. Y., Nov. 17, 1821; graduated history. It is in mid-continent; was at the University of the City of New York founded by the Mormons in 1847, after in 1840; ordained in the Congregational their exodus from the Mississippi region; Church; was pastor of the Congregational is at the western base of the Wasatch church at Burlington, Ia., for more than range of mountains, 4,334 feet above the fifty years from 1846. His publications sea; and near a great salt lake. Its include Life of Henry Dodge from 1782 streets are regularly laid out, 125 feet in to 1867; Memoirs of Augustus C. Dodge, width, and the city covers a vast space in United States Senator from Iowa; Life of proportion to the number of its inhabi- James W. Grimes, Governor of Iowa and tants. It originally had 260 blocks, each an eighth of a mile square, and containing ten acres. Each block was divided into eight lots, ten by twenty rods, and contained an acre and a quarter. Since the city was laid out, several of the blocks have been intersected by new streets. There the Mormons built their greatest tabernacle, capable of seating 8,000 persons, covered by a self-supporting roof, and also a vast temple constructed of grayish-white granite, at a cost of nearly $12,000,000. It was dedicated April 6, 1893, forty years after it was begun. There are numerous churches, but the larger number are Mormon. Their houses in the old days of polygamy were built Senator of the United States; Memoirs of Joseph W. Pickett; numerous articles on the history of Iowa in the Annals of Iowa, etc. Salton Lake, a body of water that appeared unexpectedly in a depression in the Colorado Desert in California, somewhat north and west of the head of the Gulf of California, in the summer of 1891. Its appearance created much interest among scientists, as for a time its origin was unknown, and its gradual subsidence after a few months led to a thorough survey of the region, which established the fact that the cause of the short-lived lake was simply an overflow of the Colorado River. |