Canadian partisan named raised States; and many charitable institutions. Jones had Chamber of Commerce. There are about a company of men to capture 300 churches in the city, representing all them. He gave chase in boats, overtook the leading religious sects in the United the unarmed flotilla at the foot of the Thousand Islands, captured two of the schooners, and emptied and burned them (June 29). A rumor was circulated that the British were erecting fortifications among the Thousand Islands, and that expeditions of armed men were to be sent across the St. Lawrence to devastate American settlements on its borders. General Brown and Commander Woolsey, of the Oneida, were vested with ample power to provide for the defence of that frontier. Colonel Benedict, of St. Lawrence county, was ordered to guard the region from Ogdensburg to ST. REGIS (q. v.) with a competent force, and militia were gathered at Ogdensburg and St. Vincent. This was the first warlike movement on the river in the war of 1812-15. St. Leger, BARRY, military officer; born in England in 1737; entered the army as ensign in 1749; came to America with his regiment in 1757, and was with Wolfe at Quebec. He was appointed lieutenantcolonel in 1772; and in 1775 was sent to Canada, where he took charge of an unsuccessful expedition to the Mohawk Valley, by way of Lake Ontario, in 1777, to assist Burgoyne in his invasion. He died in 1789. COL. BARRY ST. LEGER. St. Louis, port of entry and chief city of Missouri; on the Mississippi River, 20 miles below the mouth of the Missouri; is the great metropolis of the southwest, the centre of trade and commerce of the two rivers and their tributaries, and the fifth city in the United States in population. It is built on rising ground, com- for Nurses, several theological seminaries, prising three terraces, reaching at some and dental and medical colleges, the State points 200 feet above the level of the river; School for the Blind and the St. Louis is the centre of fifteen railroads; and has Day School for Deaf Mutes. In 1903 the an area of 66 square miles. St. Louis has city had 879 miles of streets, of which 113 public parks which cover an area of 2,268 were paved, 7 national banks, and a sewer acres, and include Forest Park, the system covering 522 miles. The streets largest, which was the seat of the Louisi- are lighted by gas and electricity at an ana Purchase Exposition in 1904, Tower annual cost of $519,362. The annual cost Grove Park, Missouri Botanical Garden, of maintaining the city government is the Fair Grounds, Carondelet Park, and about $7,900,000; that of the police deLafayette Park. Among the principal partment about $400,000; and that of the public buildings of note are the Post-office fire department about $590,000. There are and Custom-house, which cost more than also many large milling and manufactur$6,500,000; City Hall, $2,000,000; Court- ing establishments. The census of 1900 house; Union Pacific Station; and the reported 6,732 manufacturing establish Population treated as a loan, and was to be repaid from the money earned by the exposition. The city of St. Louis authorized an issue of $5,000,000 in bonds, and the citizens of the city subscribed a second sum of $5,000,000, making a total of $15,000,000 to be devoted to the celebration. St. Louis received its name from Pierre Ligueste Laclede in 1764, when he established it as a post of the Louisiana Fur Company. Five years later Spanish troops, under Captain Rios, took poscession (Aug. 11, 1768), but exercised no civil functions pending the arrival of Don Pedro Piernas, who assumed the government, May 20, 1770. British troops and Indian allies attacked the city May 26, 1780, but were repulsed. The first territorial General Assembly met at the house of Joseph Robidoux, Dec. 7, 1812. Louisiana Purchase Centennial.-In 1900 it was proposed to hold a World's Fair St. Louis Arsenal. Under the inspiration of a graduate of the West Point Academy, Daniel M. Frost, and under the lead of the governor of Missouri (C. F. Jackson), an attempt was made in May, 1861, to seize the United States Arsenal at St. Louis. The Confederates had already seized one unguarded arsenal at Liberty, Clay county, under the direction of the governor, but the one at St. Louis was guarded by 500 regular troops, under Capt. Nathaniel Lyon, who had been appointed commander of the post in place of Major Bell, a Confederate. The governor had sent orders to the militia officers of the State to assemble their respective commands and go into encampment for a week, the avowed object being "to attain a greater degree of efficiency and perfection in discipline." For weeks before the President's call for troops the Confederates of St. Louis were drilled in the use of fire-arms in a building in that city; were furnished with State arms by the governor; received commissions from him, and were sworn into the military service of the State. They were closely watched by a few Unionists, and finally the latter class in St. Louis (who were largely of the German population) were formed into military companies, and drilled in the use of fire-arms. When the President's call for 66 UNITED STATES ARSENAL AT ST. LOUIS. from General Wool, a large portion of the arms at the arsenal were removed (April 26) secretly to Alton, Ill., in a steamboat, and thence by railway to Springfield. Frost, whom the governor had commissioned a brigadier-general, formed a militia camp in the suburbs of St. Louis, and, to deceive the people, kept the national flag flying over it. Captain Lyon enrolled a large number of volunteers, who occupied the arsenal grounds. Some of them, for want of room, occupied ground outside. The St. Louis police demanded their return to the government grounds, because they were "Federal soldiers, violating the rights of the sovereign State of Missouri." No attention was paid to this demand. To make his little force appear large, Lyon sent out squads at night to distant points, to return in the morning with drums beating and flags flying. Finally word came to Lyon that cannon and mortars, in boxes marked "marble," had been landed from a steamboat and sent to Frost's Confederate camp. Disguised as a woman, closely veiled, Lyon rode around that camp, and was satisfied that it was time for him to act with vigor. Early in the afternoon of May 9, Lyon, by a quick movement, surrounded Frost's camp with 6,000 troops and troops came, they openly drilled, made heavy cannon, and placing guards so as their place of meeting a citadel, estab- to prevent any communication with the lished a perpetual guard, and kept up con- city, demanded of the commander the imstant communication with the arsenal. mediate surrender of men and munitions They were denounced by the Confederates of war under him, giving him only thirty as outlaws, incendiaries, and miscre- minutes for deliberation. Intelligence of ants," preparing to make war on Missouri. They were relieved by an order from the President (April 30, 1861) for Captain Lyon to enroll into the military service of the United States the loyal citizens of St. Louis, in number not exceeding 1,000. This order was procured chiefly through the influence of Col. (afterwards Maj.Gen.) Frank P. Blair, who had already raised and organized a regiment of Missourians, and assisted in the primary formation of four others. this movement had reached the city, and an armed body of Confederates rushed out to assist their friends. They were too late. Frost surrendered his 1,200 militia, 1,200 new rifles, twenty cannon, several chests of muskets, and a large quantity of ammunition. Most of these materials of war had been stolen from the arsenal at Baton Rouge. The arsenal was saved. St.-Luc, LA CORNE DE, military officer; born in 1712. Prior to and during the French and Indian War he bitterly opMeanwhile, in accordance with an order posed the British; won great distinction at the battle of Ticonderoga, capturing 150 of pers," were built. Seven of these were on General Abercrombie's wagons; participated in the victory of St. Foy, near Quebec, and in the battle on the Plains of Abraham. When the Revolutionary War began he gave his support to the British side; incited the Indians of the North and Northwest against the colonists; took part in the capture of Ethan Allen; and later commanded the Indians in the Burgoyne campaign. He died in Montreal, Canada, Oct. 1, 1784. the stocks there in August, 1814, when Admiral Cockburn appeared, with the intention of destroying them and the village. The veteran Gen. Derry Benson, commander of the militia of Talbot county, prepared to receive the invaders. He constructed two redoubts, and the militia from the adjacent country were called to the defence of the place. Benson had, in the aggregate, about 300 men. Between midnight and dawn on Aug. 11 the in Under cover of their guns, the invaders landed in a compact body to storm the batteries, when a 9-pounder in one of them opened and cut a wide swath through the line of the British, killing nineteen and wounding many. The Americans, outnumbered, fell back to the other battery, and continued the contest until daylight, when the invaders, after spiking the guns of the lower battery, fled, discomfited, to their vessels. St. Mary's River. See SAULT DE STE. vaders proceeded to the attack in eleven MARIE SHIP-CANAL. barges, each armed with a 6-pounder fieldSt. Mémin, CHARLES BALTHAZAR, piece. The night was intensely dark, and JULIEN FEVRE DE, artist; born in Dijon, the first intimation of their presence was France, March 12, 1770; went to Canada the booming of their cannon. The Maryin 1793 and soon after settled in New landers, though a little surprised, made a York; introduced into the United States gallant resistance from the batteries. the physionotrace, a machine designed by Chrétien, by which a copy of the human profile could be made with mathematical accuracy. In connection with its introduction St Mémin made a pantograph, by which he could reduce the original design of the life-size profile to a size small enough to be engraved in a circle 2 inches in diameter. He made hundreds of these profiles of the most prominent people in the United States. They have been preserved and in many instances are the only portraits of these persons now in existence. In 1798 he secured a profile of Washington, which is of interest as it was the last portrait of him taken from life. In 1814 St. Mémin removed to France, and in 1817 became director of the Museum in Dijon. He died in Dijon, France, June 23, 1852. St. Michael, the chief port of Alaska on Bering Sea; also the trading port of the Yukon Valley. It is on Norton Sound, in a region swampy and subject to inundations, and could be given an excellent harbor by extensive dredging and other im provements. For many years it was an important station of the Russian Fur Company, and prior to the acquisition of Alaska by the United States was known as Mikhailovsk. See ALASKA. St. Michael, DEFENCE OF. On the eastern shore of Chesapeake Bay was the little town of St. Michael, in Talbot county, Md., founded by ship-builders, and famous as the place where most of the swift-sailing privateers, called "Baltimore clip St.-Ours, JEAN BAPTISTE DE, military officer; born in Canada in 1668; joined the French Canadian army early in life; promoted lieutenant in 1702, and soon after garde-marine; was one of the three in command of the expedition against Fort Orange (now Albany) in 1708. At the head of about 200 Iroquois Indians St. Ours took the village and fort of Haverhill. Later he was made major of Montreal, and afterwards was appointed king's lieutenant. He died in Montreal, Canada, in 1747. St. Paul, a city, county seat of Ramsey county, and capital of the State of Minnesota; on both sides of the Mississippi River, with the principal portion on the east bank, and the two parts connected by bridges. Four trans-continental and seven Eastern trunk line railroads pass through or extend to it, giving it exceptional importance as a shipping point. The site was first occupied by the whites by a small French colony, principally engaged in the fur trade, and its name was derived from the Roman Catholic mission of St. Paul, established in 1841. Six years afterwards the settlement was plotted; in 1849 the town was made the territorial capital; and in 1854 it was given a city charter. Its remarkable development is due to its location at the head of navigation on the Mississippi as well as to its railroad connections. Population in 1900, 163,065. St. Philip, FORT, ATTACK ON. While the armies were burying their dead on the field of strife near New Orleans after the battle there (Jan. 8, 1815), some of the British troops sought to secure the free navigation of the Mississippi for themselves by capturing Fort St. Philip, at a bend of the stream, 70 or 80 miles below New Orleans in a direct line. It was regarded as the key to Louisiana. It was garrisoned by 366 men, under Major Overton, of the Rifle Corps, and the crew of a gunboat which had been warped into a bayou at its side. A British squadron of five vessels appeared near the fort on the morning of Jan. 9 and anchored, out of range of the heavy guns of the fort, two bomb-vessels with their broadsides to the fort. These opened fire in the afternoon, and continued a bombardment and can nonade, with little interruption, until daybreak on the 18th. During that time the Americans were much exposed to rain and cold. The British cast more than 1,000 shells, besides many round and grape shot, upon the fort, the result of which was two Americans killed and seven wounded. They had expended 20,000 lbs. of powder, and withdrew without gaining the fort, spoils, or glory. See also JACKSON AND ST. PHILIP, FORTS. sailing the block-house, a sharp skirmish ensued, in which the British lost seven men killed, while not an American was hurt. The spoils of victory were forty prisoners (exclusive of the commander and the Roman Catholic priest), with their arms and accoutrements, thirty-eight muskets, two bateaux, a flag, and a quantity of baggage, including 800 blankets. The flag which waved over the block-house was captured by Lieut. William L. Marcy, afterwards governor of New York. St. Sacrament Lake, a former name of Lake George; a beautiful sheet of water lying west of the upper end of Lake Champlain; originally named by Father Jogues, a Jesuit missionary who visited it about the middle of the seventeenth century. This lake was the theatre of important military events in the FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR (q. v.) and the Revolutionary War. At the head of the lake Gen. Sir William Johnson was encamped early in September, 1755, with a body of provincial troops and a party of Indians under the Mohawk chief Hendrick. There he was attacked (Sept. 8) by the French under Dieskau, and would have been defeated but for the energy and skill of Gen. Phineas Lyman. The assailants were repulsed, and their leader (Dieskau) was badly wounded, made prisoner, sent to New York, and paroled. He died of his wounds not long afterwards. Johnson was knighted, and gave the name of Lake George to the sheet of water, in honor of his sovereign, by which name it is still known. At its head Fort William Henry was built, and suffered siege and capture by the French and Indians in 1757. The next year it was the scene of a vast armament upon its bosom going to the attack of TICONDEROGA (q. v.). St. Regis, SKIRMISH AT. On each side of the boundary-line between the United States and Canada is the Indian village of St. Regis, at the mouth of the St. Regis River. In that village Captain McDon- St.-Simon, CLAUDE ANNE, MARQUIS DE, nell was placed, with some armed Ca- military officer; born in the Castle of La nadian voyageurs, in September, 1812. Faye, Spain, in 1743; learned the art of Maj. G. D. Young, stationed at French gunnery and fortifications at Strasburg; Mills (afterwards Fort Covington), left distinguished himself in Flanders; and that post on the night of Oct. 21 with was chief of the body-guard of the King about 200 men, crossed the St. Regis in a of Poland in 1758. After various serboat, a canoe, and on a hastily constructed vices in Europe, he came to America with raft, and before dawn was within half a De Grasse, at the head of French troops, mile of St. Regis. There they were rested and assisted in the siege of Yorktown in and refreshed, and soon afterwards pushed 1781. In 1789 he was a deputy in the forward and surrounded the town. As- States-General. Being a native of Spain, |