cow; Oliver Welsh, horse, cow; David Wolf, cow; Joseph Thompson, horse, three cows; Samuel Yohe, three cows; Adam Yohe, horse, four cows; Henry Thomas, three cows; William Cathcart; Owen Feeley, horse, two cows; Peter Sharp, two cows.

BUSINESS AND RESOURCES

The pioneer store was kept by Thomas Reynolds in 1844 in his residence. It was conducted by William and Tilton Reynolds even as late as 1864.

Oliver Welch kept a licensed hotel at Prospect Hill in 1853.

The Freeport lower coal is so exceedingly excellent a bed throughout the Reynoldsville region that it has given great value to all the land it overlies. The work of development has been vigorously conducted for several years, but still there is a vast expanse of coal untouched. This coal is found six feet thick, and is of so good a quality that it is in great demand for gas and steam purposes. A number of collieries have been opened upon it in the Reynoldsville basin, which are now all controlled by the Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburgh Railroad Company, who are vigorously developing their mines.

There was cork pine here up until 1860, one hundred and twenty-five feet high and six feet across the stump.

The West Penn Tannery at Oniotown (now a part of Reynoldsville) ranks next to the coal mines in importance. It was built in 1881 by P. K. Grim & Son, from the eastern part of the State. They sold the concern to Messrs. Hall & Vaughn, of New York, in October, 1882. When they assumed control of it they were working one hundred and seventy-five sides per day, while they are now turning out every day as many as six hundred. Their plant is situated along the Low Grade division of the Allegheny Valley railroad, on twentyfive acres of land, on which they have bark mills and sheds with switch tracks running into them. They have room under roof for twelve thousand tons of bark, and they consume annually about twenty thousand tons of this material.

ELECTIONS AND OFFICIALS

The first constable for the township was Oliver Welch, appointed by the court in 1846. The first election in Winslow township was held on the first Monday of April, 1847, at the home of Woodward Reynolds, when the

following township officers were chosen: Constable, Joseph McCreight; school directors, Thomas Reynolds, Andrew McCreight, John Philippi; poor overseers, Woodward Reynolds, Thomas Reynolds; judge of election, Andrew McCreight; inspectors, John Barr, Jonathan Strouse.

Winslow township was divided into two election districts by a decree of court Sept. 17, 1887, the citizens of East Winslow voting at Prescottville, and the election for West Winslow being held at the "Moore House" in Ohiotown (now a part of Reynoldsville).

At the election of Nov. 2, 1915, Frank R. Murray was chosen school director for six years; Thomas Wood, supervisor for six years; Smith McKee, constable for four years.

TOWNS

Prescottville was settled in 1853. Population in 1900, 215.

Sandy Valley is a little hamlet situated on the Low Grade road. In 1880 it had a population of 77; in 1900, 123. It has a post office.

Rathmel is another small hamlet, and has the terminus of the Soldiers' Run railroad. It is a mining town: In 1894 it had seven hundred people and two churches. There is a post office there.

Soldier, Wishaw, Sherwood and Pancoast are also villages in this township, the two first named having post offices.

There are two boroughs situated in this township, Reynoldsville and Sykesville (see separate accounts). Ohiotown, now a part of Reynoldsville, is that portion of the borough situated on the west side of Sandy Lick.

Bowersville and Pardus are also post offices in this township.

CEMETERIES

The pioneer cemetery was at the old schoolhouse in Cold Spring Hollow; other cemeteries, the McCreight cemetery on the old homestead farm; Prospect graveyard; Paradise graveyard; Beulahland, started in 1876 by Thomas Reynolds; the Baptist cemetery, started in 1883.

The pioneer religious service was held in 1832 by the Protestant Methodists.

REYNOLDSVILLE

The first house in what is now Reynoldsville was on the bank of Sandy Lick creek, on the

spot where the "Ross House" now stands, and was built to accommodate the workmen employed on the Susquehanna and Waterford turnpike.

What is now Reynoldsville borough was originally an Indian village, and was such when Andrew Barnett located in the county. The last Indians to tarry there were the Johns family, who were still around in 1824. In 1832 the land on which Reynoldsville now stands was a hemlock swamp, and the present Main street was a long "corduroy" bridge. As a white man's town it was laid out in September, 1873. The plotting was done and the lots were sold by David and Albert Reynolds. The first name of the town was Olney. Prescottville, the eastern section, was not included in the original borough. The post office name became Reynoldsville (originally Prospect Hill), Feb. 23, 1850.

The first white person born within the present limits of Reynoldsville was David Reynolds, son of Woodward Reynolds. He died in 1916.

The pioneer bridge built across Sandy Lick was at Reynoldsville, in 1822. In 1843 the first timber raft was run out of Sandy Lick to Pittsburgh. The first circus exhibited in Reynoldsville in 1845. Between 1850 and 1860 the greatest amount of rafting was done on Sandy Lick creek.

Early religious services were held in a house that stood near the present site of the "Burns Hotel" building, and was occupied by Milton Coleman. During a service in 1852 the floor of this house gave way, the stove was upset, and the congregation was precipitated to the basement. Five persons were so seriously injured by the accident that they died.

The first burying ground was located near the schoolhouse which stood in Cold Spring Hollow.

BUSINESS AND DEVELOPMENT

Thomas Reynolds kept the first store in what is now Reynoldsville. The early merchants there were Daniel Dunham and Frederick Farmer (who kept in an old black house six doors east of where King & Co.'s store was later established), Washington Rhodes, Henry Gordon and his son, Charles H. Gordon. Previous to 1860 Charles H. Prescott also kept store in Reynoldsville.

The first and only tannery in the place, until the mammoth one was erected in Ohiotown, was started in 1842, on Jackson street, east of Tenth, by Thomas Reynolds, Sr. Near this was his sawmill.

The first large sawmill erected near Reynoldsville was known as the Smith mill. It was built in 1856, on Sandy Lick creek, a mile and a half below the town. Latterly it was known as the Hopkins mill. In 1860 the town had one tavern, kept by Woodward Reynolds; one store, kept by George Rhodes; one practicing physician, Dr. Crawford; one tannery and sawmill, owned and operated by Thomas Reynolds.

Among the present industries of Reynoldsville are the following: Two brick and tile works, a silk mill, macaroni factory, window glass plant, iron works, burial case factory, machine shops, grist- and planing-mills, carriage factory, two woolen mills, two bottling works and a distillery, asbestos plant, besides a number of smaller concerns. There are many fine stores, representing all branches of mercantile enterprise, several first-class hotels, two well-equipped livery stables, three national banks and one foreign bank.

The Diamond Coal Company shipped from Reynoldsville over the Low Grade railroad the first coal marketed from Jefferson county. The mines furnish the principal industry of the town, and William Sharpe, the pioneer of this coal region, deserves the praise for the first development of the now famous bituminous coal region of Reynoldsville.

Latchstrings went out of general use in dwellings in about 1860. One end was tied to the latch on the inside and the other end passed through the door to the outside, to be pulled when one wished to enter. "The latchstring is always out" is an expression which arose. from this contrivance and means welcome.

The first newspaper was printed there in 1871 by John Doyle.

Oil was first used for illuminating purposes in 1860. It sold for one dollar a gallon. The first piano came to Reynoldsville in 1873.

The first telegraph message to Reynoldsville came in 1873.

The first locomotive arrived in the cut below Reynoldsville near enough to be seen in town Aug. 5, 1873, at three-fifteen p. m.

The first passenger train came into Reynoldsville Nov. 5, 1873. It had on board a band and crowd of people from Brookville.

Transportation facilities are supplied by the Reynoldsville & Falls Creek road, connecting with the Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburgh; the Red Bank & Driftwood division of the Pennsylvania system, and the Jefferson Traction Company, operating an electric line.

The first permanent photograph gallery was opened in Reynoldsville in 1875.

The first telephone was put into service in Reynoldsville in 1882. The Bell Telephone exchange then was established Feb. 15, 1892. Gas was first piped to Reynoldsville on April 8, 1890.

Main street in Reynoldsville was paved in the summer of 1893.

Reynoldsville public school building was opened Sept. 4, 1896. West Reynoldsville public school building was opened Oct. II,

1909.

The first automobile was owned by a Reynoldsville citizen in 1902.

Reynoldsville has excellent trolley service, viz., to Punxsutawney, Big Run, Sykesville and DuBois, including intermediate mining

towns.

In 1916 the organization of the Reynoldsville Chamber of Commerce was perfected, the membership including representative business and professional men of the town from many different lines of enterprise. The officers and directors, chosen in November, 1916, are as follows: President, John Reed; vice president, Clyde Murray; corporation secretary, G. M. McDonald; treasurer, C. R. Hall; directors, F. P. Alexander, A. T. McClure, J. F. Joyce, G. H. Roberts, G. H. Patterson, G. W. Stoke, S. M. McCreight, C. M. Dinger, J. K. Johnston, J. W. Hunter, F. K. Alexander. E. H. Albertson, who organized the DuBois Chamber of Commerce, is organization secretary pro tem.

SOCIETIES

The local body of the Improved Order of Red Men was organized on July 27, 1893. It was named Mazonia Tribe, No. 341, and had a charter membership of thirty-five.

Reynoldsville Tent, No. 168, K. O. T. M., was organized May 1, 1893, with nineteen charter members.

FIRES

The rapid growth of Reynoldsville until 1875 was astonishing. It put on the airs of a little city, but the big fire of 1875, followed by another the ensuing year, almost crushed the life out of the place and business languished, and it was not until the building of the Soldiers' Run railroad, and the opening of the mines, that the town got "on its feet" again.

There have been several scathing fires in Reynoldsville, the greatest conflagration occurring on the 25th of August, 1875, when

twenty-one buildings in the heart of the town were destroyed, involving a loss estimated at almost one hundred thousand dollars, on which there was only forty-two thousand dollars' insurance. It began at about two o'clock a. m. and raged for several hours. The principal losers were: D. C. Oyster & Co., bankers; Burgess & Alexander; Reilley's Arcade block; C. H. Butler; E. L. Brown; F. M. Cole; A. M. Cotton; C. H. Gordon; Thompson & Degnan; L. P. Seeley; M. Winslow; Brandon & Reynolds, Herald; A. Bogner & Co.; D. Reynolds; H. M. Iseman; Thompson & Reynolds; John A. Doyle; S. B. Ake; A. Bogner, and a number of others whose losses ranged from fifty dollars to eight hundred dollars.

Another disastrous fire occurred in 1876, by which all the dwellings on the north side of Main street, between Centennial Hall and the residence of Mrs. Amelia Reynolds, were destroyed. In the fall of the same year the planing mill and sash and door factory of E. Campbell, and the machine shop of Barclay & Crowell, with several dwelling houses between First and Second streets, were destroyed. The following year the "St. Charles" hotel was burned down, and the sawmill of H. S. Belknap, the large tenant house of Dr. R. M. Boyles, on Third street; the residence of W. H. Kneeland, on South, and above Grant; the shoe store and residence of Isaac Winters, on Main street; the "Warmick House" in Ohiotown, the large flouring mill of T. & S. McCreight, of Prescottville, have fallen victims to the devouring element. In the decade ending in 1870 some fifty of the best buildings on Main street were destroyed.

POPULATION, ETC.

When the town was incorporated it had about two hundred people.

Population in 1880, 1,410; 1890, 2,789; 1900, 3,435; 1910, 3,189; 1917, 3,140.

The first burgess was M. M. Miner. who served only a few months. The first burgess elected was Dr. J. W. Foust, in March of 1874.

WEST REYNOLDSVILLE

West Reynoldsville, which prior to its incorporation as such was called Ohiotown, is that part of Reynoldsville situated on the west side of Sandy Lick, where the depot and offices of the Low Grade division of the Allegheny Valley railroad are situated. It has sprung into life since the building of the rail

road, and since the building of the West Penn Tannery has been quite a busy place. In 1880 the census gave the population of Ohiotown as 242, but it has been largely increased since. then, having been 774 in 1900 and 933 in 1910. There are two graded schools in this section, and the Ross and Moore hotels are also located there.

William Burge, dealer in groceries and general merchandise, became established in 1878; M. Sloppy, grocery store; William Gibson, grocery, established in 1886.

The "Ross House" was built in 1878 by W. S. Ross, owner and proprietor; in 1883 another story was added, making it a three-story building, and in 1885 it was again enlarged, refitted and refurnished.

The "Moore House," James Moore, owner and proprietor, was built by Dr. R. M. Boyles in 1878; he sold it to Frank Best, who opened it as the "Best House." It was then purchased by A. U. Moore, who changed it to the "Moore House."

The Reynoldsville Machine Shop was built in 1884; McClain's Manufactory of Miners' Tools, in 1879; the West Penn Tannery, in 1881-a large industry and next to the coal mines in importance.

West Reynoldsville was made a borough in 1893 (at which time it had about six hundred inhabitants), Samuel Sutter being the first burgess elected.

In 1914 West Reynoldsville was consolidated with Reynoldsville borough, of which it forms the Third ward.

The tornado passed over the present location of the town, blowing down and destroying two houses.

SYKESVILLE

Sykesville borough was incorporated from a part of Winslow township March 14, 1907, and was named for Jacob B. Sykes, the most enterprising citizen. In 1894 it had a population of 175; in 1910, 1,756.

BUSINESS

There is one newspaper, the Sykesville PostDispatch, published in the borough; there are

two hotels and a number of fine industries. The Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburgh railroad skirts the town. There is excellent trolley service and connections and large coal mining interests in the vicinity, which make the town a busy mart.

Sykesville has three churches, Methodist Episcopal, Bethel Baptist and Greek Catholic.

The First National Bank of Sykesville opened for business Jan. 4, 1905; capital, $25,000; J. B. Sykes, president; C. H. Boyles, cashier; directors, J. B. Sykes, C. H. Boyles, S. B. Long, Levi Schuckers, J. H. Murray, A. W. Sykes, James Wachob. Dr. J. F. Raine is now president; Mr. Boyles, vice president; W. D. McHenry, cashier.

At a special election held in the borough April 30, 1907, under the order of court creating said borough, the following candidates ran for office, and we give the number of votes cast for each: Treasurer, G. W. Eaton, 148; tax collector, F. W. Fenely, 72; J. F. Weber, 90; assessor, John H. Null, 75; Edward Rupert, 89. Auditors-Three years, S. B. Long, 82; M. A. Zimmerman, 83. Two years, Adam Null, 69; B. B. Weber, 96. One year, Everett Humphrey, 86; T. L. Swisher, 78. High constable-Henry Smith, 72; A. J. Deemer, 93. Town council-Three years, J. B. Sykes, 91; David Estes, 80; J. E. Long, 112; Abraham Fye, 102; G. W. Walker, 84. Two years, James Shaffer, 81; C. C. Gadd, 132; J. C. Shaffer, 57. One year, T. W. White, 67; A. L. Zimmerman, 139; I. Z. Slawson, 96. Burgess-T. O. Sykes, 73; J. E. Rishel, 93. School directors-Three years, G. E. Null, 93; I. G. Mansfield, 101; G. B. Hennigh, 102; Henry Smith, 1; W. N. Rishel, 1. Two years, Frank Sadler, 80; J. W. Crawford, 66; G. E. Rupert, 94; Fred Walker, 79. One year, G. M. Kriner, 145; G. A. Buhite, Rupert, 63. Judge of election, Frank Moore, 148. Inspector, W. H. Stahl, 104; Judson

74; D. A. Smith, 92.

At the election held Nov. 2, 1915, J. H. Coffman and John Reiter were elected school directors, and John Allen, constable.

OUGH OF WORTHVILLE

Ringgold township, formerly known as Hastings, was named after Thomas Hastings and Major Ringgold. It was organized in 1848, being taken from Porter, and is bounded on the north by Beaver township, on the east by Rose and Oliver townships, on the south by Porter township and on the west by Armstrong county. In 1850 the township was called North Porter, and so continued until May 13, 1853, when the court appointed the following officers for Ringgold: Constable, George Mencer; supervisors, Daniel Shannon and Solomon Geist; school directors, Henry Minich, Valentine Shick, Elijah Campbell, Daniel Geist; poor overseers, Robert E. Kennedy and D. D. Boyington; auditors, A. P. Heichhold, E. M. Geist, P. H. Shannon; assessor, George Mencer. The township was finally named in honor of Major Ringgold, who lost his life in the Mexican war, in the battle of Palo Alto, on May 8, 1846.

PIONEERS EARLY BUSINESS

The pioneer settlers in the township were Andrew Shaffer and David Milliron, in 1818. They made the first improvements. Daniel Geist located at what is now Worthville, then in Ringgold, in 1834. That year he killed nine deer and one bear. In 1840 two gristmills were built, one near Ringgold village by Henry Freas, and the other in what is now Worthville, by Daniel Geist. Isaac Cherry built the first sawmill, in 1844, on Cherry run. The pioneer schoolhouse was built in 1836, near the present village of Ringgold. In 1847 Moses Weaver had a carding machine in the township, and also owned a powder-mill. Peter Enty, colored, was the pioneer coal digger, 1837. The first graveyard was on the Milliron farm, at St. John's Church.

The first store and hotel were kept by Robert McFarland in 1844 or 1845. Other early

merchants were R. Wonderling, Amos Holben and the Shannons. The pioneer tailor was R. F. Perry.

Peter Warden ran a distillery in the township in 1865.

HUNTING INCIDENTS

The township was full of wild game, especially wolves, bears and deer. This attracted hunters to the territory, and Daniel Geist related the following incidents: Among the hunters who came there were Henry Nolf, who lived in Clarion county, where New Bethlehem now stands, and Lewis Doverspike. When hunting in the north end of the township they wounded a bear, which attacked Nolf, and would have killed him had not his cries brought Doverspike to his assistance. The bear had Nolf down and was tearing him with teeth and claws. Doverspike tried to shoot the brute, but his gun missed fire, so he punched the animal in the ribs with his gun, causing it to leave Nolf and attack him. It chased him around a tree several times before he could get a shot at it. At length he killed it, and going to Nolf's assistance found him so badly wounded that the unfortunate man begged he would shoot him, to get him out of his misery. This Doverspike refused to do, of course, and being remarkably strong, he picked the injured man up and carried him three miles to a house, whence he was removed to his home, where he recovered.

Some years after this Nolf and his son George were again in the township hunting. They had erected a small shanty. One evening the father was cutting a tree for firewood, when the tree split at the butt, fell upon him and killed him instantly. The son had to go three miles to get help and a team to haul the body home. Men had to be summoned from the "Dutch Settlement" along Red Bank creek