BISHOP DE ST. VALLIER.

His Grace Jean Baptiste DeLacroix Chevrières De St Vallier, born at Grenoble en Dauphiné, the 14th November, 1653, was chaplain to Louis XIV. When Bishop Laval went to France in 1684 to obtain a successor, on the recommendation of that prelate, it was agreed that he should succeed him in the Bishopric of Quebec. Bishop De St. Vallier arrived in Canada, for the first time, on the 30th July, 1685, in his quality of Vicar-General to Bishop Laval, by letters from the latter, dated at Paris the 8th May of the same year. He left for France on the 3rd November, 1687, and was consecrated Bishop of Quebec, under the pontificate of Innocent XI., on the 25th January, 1688, at St. Sulpice de Paris, by Nicholas Colbert, Archbishop of Carthage and Coadjutor of the Archbishop of Rouen. His bulls were dated at Rome the 7th July, 1687. Bishop de St. Vallier returned to Canada on the 15th August, 1688. He founded the General Hospital of Quebec in 1693, and the Ursulines of Three Rivers on the 8th October, 1697. It was under his episcopacy that Louis XIV. confirmed by Letters Patent, given at Versailles in the month of October, 1697, the erection of the Bishopric of Quebec, and the union of the Rectory to the Seminary, as well as the union of the revenues of Labbaye de Meubec to the said Bishopric. His Grace De St. Vallier, after making several journeys to France, for the benefit of his diocese, died at the General Hospital of Quebec, on the 26th December, 1727, and was buried there on the 2nd January, 1728.

CHEVALIER DE CALLIÈRES.

LOUIS HECTOR DE CALLIÈRES, a wise and prudent Governor of New France, and a gallant French military officer. Originally from Torigny in Normandy, he came to Canada as a member of the Montreal Company, and afterwards became Governor of that place. He exhibited great wisdom during the war, and in his relations with the Iroquois, with whom he concluded a peace in 1701, at Montreal. He succeeded De Frontenac in the government of the country in 1698, and continued to hold his appointment until 1703.

Charlevoix does not hesitate to proclaim him one of the best generals Canada ever possessed under French rule.

LEMOINE D'IBERVILLE.

A CANADIAN navigator, who began the colonization of Louisiana, born in Montreal in 1642, died in Havana, July 9, 1706. He was one of seven brothers, who were all active in Canadian affairs in the latter half of the seventeenth century. He early went to sea, and distinguished himself for bravery and ability as a volunteer in the midnight attack on Schenectady; as commander of the expedition which recovered Fort Nelson from the British (1686), and with it the control of the Indian commerce of the region of Nelson's river; as a successful invader of the English possessions in Newfoundland, and as a victor in naval contests (1697), in spite of icebergs and a shipwreck, in Hudson's Bay. He was reputed the most skilful naval officer in the service of France, when in 1698 he was commissioned by the French Government to explore the mouth of the Mississippi, which had never yet been entered from the sea, and to erect a fort near it. With two frigates, two smaller vessels, a company of marines, and about two hundred settlers, he set sail from Rochefort, October 17, 1698; was welcomed at St. Domingo, found Pensacola preoccupied by Spaniards, and cast anchor, February 2, 1799, on the Island of Massacre, near Mobile. Accompanied by his brother, Lemoine de Bienville, a Franciscan, who had been a companion of La Salle, and forty-eight men, in two barges, and with provisions for fifteen days, he sailed thence to seek the Mississippi, which they entered 2nd March, and ascended to the village of the Bayagoulas. They also visited the Oumas, among whom they found a letter written by Tonty to La Salle, in 1684, and they probably reached the mouth of the Red River. Returning to the bay of Biloxi, Iberville erected a fort as a testimony of French jurisdiction, the command of which he entrusted to his two brothers, Sanville and Bienville. He himself sailed for France, but returned when the French supremacy on the Mississippi was endangered by British aggression, and the French Protestant refugees were seeking there an asylum after their exile from France. He again ascended the Mississippi (1700) as far as the country of the Natchez, while his brother explored western Louisiana, crossed the Red River, and approached New Mexico. Bilious fevers desolated the colonists at Biloxi; Sanville was a victim to it, and the chief command devolved on Bienville; and when Iberville arrived with reinforcements, July 22, 1701, there were but one hundred and fifty of them alive. Soon after, this fortress was transferred to the western bank of Mobile river, the first European settlement in Alabama. Iberville also constructed fortifications on

the Island of Massacre, which he named Dauphine Island, and which became the centre of the colony. Attacked by the yellow fever, he escaped with broken health. In 1706, in command of three vessels, he made a descent upon the English Island of Nevis, which he captured; and he died at Havana, on board of his ship, on the eve of an expedition against Jamaica.

CHARLEVOIX.

PETER FRANCIS XAVIER CHARLEVOIX, a celebrated traveller and writer, was a member of the order of Jesuits, and was born at St. Quintin, in 1684. He taught languages and philosophy with some reputation. He was for several years a missionary in America, and more particularly in Canada. On his return he had a chief share in the "Journal de Trevoux" for twenty-four years. He died in 1761, greatly esteemed for his high moral character and extensive learning. His works are: "Histoire et Description Générale du Japon," "Histoire Générale de Paraguay," de l'Isle de St. Dominique," " Vie de Mère Marie de l'Incarnation," and "Histoire Générale de la Nouvelle France." Of these, the latter is the most valuable, describing his own experience, and the manners and customs of the native Americans. He is often quoted as a writer of good authority. His style is simple and unaffected; but not always perfectly correct.

"" Histoire

MARQUIS DE VAUDREUIL.

He was sent to

PHILLIPE DE RIGAUD, Marquis de Vaudreuil, a lieutenantgeneral in the French army, and Governor of New France for the space of several years. He was a brave soldier, and had distinguished himself at the siege of Valenciennes. Canada as commander of the forces, and brought with him eight hundred men. With three hundred of these he went to the relief of Montreal during the massacre of Lachine, and served under De

Frontenac in the grand expedition against the Iroquois. In 1690, he was engaged in the defence of Quebec against the attack of Admiral Phipps. Three years afterwards, he surprised and defeated La Chaudiere Noir, the most terrible and cunning of the Iroquois. But he gave up the military for the naval service; and in 1702, before inheriting his father's title, he obtained a seigniory, and was appointed Governor of Montreal.

He succeeded M. de Callières in the government of Canada in 1703. He was married at Quebec to Louise Elizabeth Joybert de Soulange, daughter of Chevalier Joybert de Soulange. This marriage was viewed with dissatisfaction by the French ministry, who did not wish him, nor any of their colonial governors, to ally themselves with the residents.

He displayed great activity in 1710, in the defence of Quebec -the expense of which, however, was mainly borne by its inhabitants; and he made preparation for the relief of Montreal. After the accession of Louis XV., he effected in the colony numerous reforms, which were much required, and the most important were those of improved education and civilization. He died at Quebec on the 10th of October, 1725, universally regretted by the people of the colony. His administration was tranquil; and his measures, whether civil or warlike, were usually crowned with success.

ADMIRAL SIR HOVEDEN WALKER.

FROM the few particulars we have at hand, we learn that this celebrated naval officer entered the British service at an early age, and speedily attained to the highest honors. For his gallantry and bravery, in 1711, he was knighted by Queen Anne. He is connected with our history in having been the commander of the ill-starred expedition which sailed for Quebec, to wrest Canada from the French, in the same year. Everything connected with this lamentable epoch in his life is well known, as it forms part of our history. The French did all they could to prevent the squadron ascending the river, which in those days was not so easy to navigate as at present, the St. Lawrence not having the benefit of light-houses, buoys, &c.; and they were successful, aided also by a storm which overtook Walker. Half his ships were wrecked on Isle aux Eufs, in the St. Lawrence, and he was compelled to return to England. It is useless now to speculate on the consequences to

this country if he had succeeded in gaining our harbour; suffic it to say, that the French were so reduced in numbers by ill-health, disease and famine, that it would have been a comparatively easy matter to overcome them.

Walker, on his return to England, suffered more reverses; his splendid ship, the Edgar, of seventy-six guns, blew up at Spithead, and nearly all the crew perished; the officers were nearly all on shore. Sir Hoveden was blamed for some negligence in this matter, and not having recovered his good name by his loss at Quebec, was dismissed the service in 1715. He published in 1720, "A Journal or full account of the late expedition to Canada, &c.," in his defence, but without avail; previous to which, however, he had proceeded to South Carolina, where he settled upon a plantation. He died, actually broken-hearted, in 1725.

MARQUIS DE BEAUHARNOIS.

CHARLES, MARQUIS DE BEAUHARNOIS, succeeded M. de Vaudreuil in the government of New France in 1726, and held that appointment for more than twenty years a fact which goes far to prove his fitness and capacity for such a high office. He was commodore in the royal navy of France, in which he had gained distinction in bygone years, and had filled some important posts besides.

During the long and critical period in which he exercised the gubnatorial functions in Canada-although inundations and earthquakes, dearth, famine, war and sickness prevailed and had to be contended with--the French ministry had never cause either to reproach him for remissness of duty, or correct him in his general administration of affairs, except once, when he took part in the quarrel between the clergy and the Chapter on the occasion of the collision of those parties relative to the burial of the body of Bishop de Vallières.

In consequence of the sanguinary inroads which the Outagamis were making on the unprotected colonists throughout the country, he found it necessary, during the early part of his administration, to give a sudden and decided check to their proceedings. A small army was organized composed of the colonists, who pursued the savages as far as where the city of Chicago now stands, and the Mississippi. They met in with the Indians, and signally defeated them; besides destroying their huts and plantations, they indeed nearly exterminated the cruel and unrelentless red men of the tribe of the Outagamis, while they avenged the death of their countryIt was a just retribution.

men.