Muslim Institutions

10th century Abbasid caliphate Abū Abū Bakr according Allah amir ancient Arab Arabia Arafa Bagdad Bakr Bedouin believer Byzantine called canon law caravans ceremonies chief Christian conquest contract court cult custom divine Doctrine East Egypt essential European evil example faith favour feast fixed foreign formula Friday give ḥadīth hajj heirs holy hubūs human husband imām important institutions Iraq Islam Jews jurists Ka'ba Khārijites khutba land Maghrib Mamluks marriage master Mecca Medina moral mosque Mu'tazilites Muḥammad Muslim community Muslim law Muslim world organisation period Persian person pilgrim pilgrimage pious plur political practice Prayer princes Prophet prose qāḍī Qarmats qibla Qur'an Qur'ānic Qurayshites Ramaḍān religion religious repudiation revelation rites ritual rule ruler saints Shaykh Shi'ism Shi'ite slave social society stone Sunna Sunnite sūras Syria takbir thought tomb tradition tribes Turkish Umar Umayyad umra Wahhabites wife women worshipper zakāt Zamzam