whose possessions in Asia are the fruits of that glorious spirit. "An ardent desire to extend their sway" as wide as possible has manifested itself among all the nations and in all the governments of which mention is made in historical record;-and assuredly this reproach of ambition comes with a decidedly bad grace from the lip or pen of an Englishman, who cannot, if he would, conceal from himself the lamentable fact, that of all the nations of whom he has ever read or heard, his own is the most conspicuous for an unquenchable thirst of dominion, and that in the mischievous disposition so "manifested," and the desire she is unceasingly tormented with of interfering with the concerns of other nations, she should and will be taught to look for the causes of her present condition.

66

We extract the following remarks of this gentleman “ on the respective natures of British and American warfare, and the necessity of anticipating hostile operations."

"As one war with America which originated partly in French policy, has recently terminated, and as others, from various causes, may be expected to arise, a few remarks on the mode of American warfare may not be impertinent. Its peculiarities being developed, means may be taken to prevent a recurrence of the disasters which characterized the contest, and which unhappily gave the enemy plausible ground to boast of their superior courage and ability; though the cause might be soon discovered, since a radical difference, in the war maxims, and conduct of the British and Americans is obvious, and will be found to embrace generally the following particulars:

"First, The British scrupulously regard the point of honour, while the Americans hold whatever is expedient, to be also lawful, imitating, in this respect, the French. Secondly, The British maintain a strict discipline; which, though it be carried to excess, restrains the brutal licentiousness of victorious soldiers: the Americans, on the contrary, cannot enact, much less enforce, laws authorizing severity of discipline. Hence licentiousness being tolerated, plunder is connived at, with all its concomitants.Thirdly, In the British army, not only obedience to, but respect for officers is maintained; while, in the American, the soldier is a companion for his officer. Fourthly, The British soldier, unless from patriotism, is without any strong inducement to fight. When discharged, and unless his wounds entitle him to a pension, he is not sure of a recompense; hence, when he discovers that the Americans, besides their usual pay, &c. give to every private, on his discharge, three hundred acres of land, this not only damps his loyalty; but he is under the strongest temptation to desertion. Fifthly, The military evolutions of the British are well adapted to European countries, comparatively clear of wood, but are in a great measure useless in the wilder parts of America; hence,

while particular posts on the frontiers should be invested, the war ought to be carried into the heart of the cleared parts of the country. On the contrary, the American tactics are simple and rude; efficient only on the frontier, where their militia can defend a post, or practise, a surprise to advantage-Sixthly, In naval affairs, the British have long rejected the use of other missiles than round and grape; while the Americans use langridge, composed of old knife-blades, copper nails, glass, buck-shot, &c.; also, crow-bars, chain-shot, bar-shot, and various other kinds. Seventhly, The British, in consequence of having employed their large navy for so long a period, at the commencement of the late war, could not man their ships to the full complement; and even the major part of them not being ordinary seamen; while the Americans not only took care to select able seamen, but almost doubled the usual complement, and appointed miscreant deserters for quarter-gunners, boatswains, &c.-Eighthly, The British being in the habit of rather under-rating their force in guns, the Americans improved on this circumstance, and enlarging the dimensions of their vessels, rated them low: and though their guns were rated as British, they were really of French calibre.-Lastly, The British, at the commencement of the war, were clate with victory, too confident of success; and by despising the force of the enciny, gave him a decided advantage, which by the Americans was carefully improved. The more thinking part among them, even before the war commenced, anticipated success, which they grounded on the neglect observable in the preparations on the part of the British. When the Guerriere was defeated, the ease with which the victory was obtained, excited surprise; but when a second and a third British frigate were captured, the impression of positive superiority over us, was forcibly made on the public mind.

"There were opportunities of bringing the late war to an end, without compromising either our national character or interest: these, however, were not only neglected, in consequence of those fatal prepossessions already named, but the general disasters of the war must be attributed to the same source. New Orleans, even according to the opinion of American officers, might have been captured with the greatest ease, during the first year of the war; but, by giving time to fortify what was truly a defenceless coast, we, in fact, deprived ourselves of that important possession. By displaying a large force, and an injudicious mock bombardment of Stonington, we excited contempt and indignation.”

"The British scrupulously regard the point of honour." As a proof of this fact, we suppose the author of this brochure will request us to recollect the fate of Washington; and gravely inform us that the destruction of the civil buildings, and unmilitary edifices of an enemy's city, is an undeniable demonstration of a scrupulous regard for the "point of honour."

The observations on the utility of "discipline," when applied to bodies of men who practise war as a trade, but when the necessity of its introduction in the ardent ranks of patriots combating for the maintenance of their rights and independence, is argued, we conceive such a presumption on the part of him who presumes, to be a gross mistake, perhaps a designed mistatement of the exceeding difference between a regular and paid army, and those irregular, but in the long run, invincible assemblages of men, who have no reward to look to but the safety and the thanks of their country. The regular soldier has all his sympathies necessarily diverted out of their ordinary channel; the professional practice of war dries up in time the sources of compassion, and obedience to the command of his officer is the only check upon the artificial and habitual ferocity of the soldier. If a regular army be a necessary institution, discipline is absolutely indispensable to ameliorate the evils that would universally arise from the uncontrolled indulgence of the military disposition. But where individual safety, and an enlarged and generous comprehension of the interests and dangers of a country are the sole stimulants in the breasts of her sons; when her native and unhired defenders rally themselves round her sacred standard, war, with such an army as this, being the result of necessity, and not of choice and long practice, will not run the hazard of having its fair and honourable features obscured by the clouds of dishonour, nor will the triumphs of such an array of bold and unsullied spirits be polluted with the licentiousness attendant upon the existence and victories of regular armies.

The charge of encouraging desertion from British ships of war, is one that it has long been in vogue to advance against the REPUBLIC, and in all probability it is one that her citizens would retort upon us with equal vehemence; but what excites our surprise is the fact, so repeatedly and mournfully insisted upon, that British seamen' DO desert.-How is this? We have always been eager to believe that the condition was too happy, and enviable, to allow their entertaining, for a moment, the notion of quitting the service of old England. There certainly must be some mystery in this with which we are unacquainted. Is the PAY better?-No! this can never be the United States, able to afford higher wages than England.England who has not yet a national debt of much above nine hundred millions sterling, and is contemplating a peace establishment to the amount of thirty millions per annum-scarcely the interest of three hundred millions more--oh, no! this is ludicrous. Is the TREATMENT better? This we cannot bring ourselves to credit-the wholesome DISCIPLINE of an English

man of war is, indubitably, more attractive to the mind of the sailor than the system of the Americans, who, "on the contrary cannot enact, much less enforce, laws authorizing severity of discipline." What is it, then, that induces our brave mariners to flock in such crowds round the flag of the REPUBLIC? We must leave the solution of this enigma to persons of superior ingenuity to that possessed by ourselves, or who may happen to be in the secret.

"The British, at the commencement of the war, were elate with victory; too confident of success; (very true) and by despising the force of the enemy, gave him a decided advantage, which by the Americans was carefully improved." Was this the case with the expedition of sir G. Prevost? Yet what Englishman can reflect, without shame, on an enterprise in which above twelve thousand British troops were compelled to retreat before as many hundred raw American militia-men? Was this the case at New Orleans? Yet with what other feelings than those of disgrace can we, do we, recall the remembrance of that fatal conflict and the repulse of English veterans by the bushfighters and riflemen of Kentucky?

The mixture of truth with error in the following passages, would be amusing enough, were we not feelingly, most feelingly, convinced of the facts which the opening sentences con

tain.

"Her proportion of poor" (the poor of England)" is very large, whose necessities even her immense wealth, flowing so copiously through innumerable channels, can scarcely supply. Frequent wars have loaded her with taxes, and increased the poverty of some; while others, by their means, have been raised to high dignities and great wealth. It must, however, be confessed, that the condition of the poor has not improved in the same proportion as that of the rich; yet these differences arise from causes inherent and direct, not from combinations of the rich to oppress the poor, as some imagine, and as the Americans attempt to prove. From this state of things arise effects equally beneficial and injurious. The number of poor diminishes the price of labour, and thereby benefits the mercantile and manufacturing interests; and the numbers whom a small bounty will induce to enlist, give facilities for warlike operations, without which they could not be carried on. But, in opposition to this, paupers and depredators increase, and the poor are compelled to emigrate to those countries where greater advantages are expected to be obtained.

"No people know the origin of property better than the Americans: none have it so immediately before their eyes. Not only have they hewed it from their forests, but they have expelled thence the native proprietors. And if the white Americans claim absolute right to lands obtained from the aborigines by treaty, or

force of arms; if the richer Americans amass property, to the exclusion of the poor;-with what countenance can they accuse the opulent in Britain of tyranny and oppression, merely because they apply their property agreeably to the dictates of their own minds? If the poor in this country are debarred the possession of land, the wants of the rich furnish them with employment. But certainly when the numbers overflow, care should be taken to remove the willing superfluity, by the colonization of foreign possessions, where they may take root and flourish, and eventually prove of the greatest utility to the parent country. For want of due attention to this point, great numbers of British subjects, disaffected to the government, or borne down by adverse circumstances, have sought the shores of independent America. The long continuance of a state of war in Europe, has greatly contributed to swell the lists of emigrants, who, carrying with them their arts and collective experience, have increased both the numerical force and the political importance of the American states, beyond all precedent. To this have been added, the advantages of neutral commerce, when all Europe were engaged in war; the connivance of the British to (at) an illicit intercourse with their colonies; and the increased demand for American flour;-a fortunate concurrence of events, which have so contributed to their greatness, since their disunion with the British empire, that it is not surprising that the people should be elated, and draw comparisons to the disadvantage of other nations."

"The Americans, it seems, are well acquainted with the origin of property"-and they are not less versed in the knowledge of its worth a species of information in which the people of this country, are, we take it, as deficient as could well be expected in such a "thinking" nation. The Americans could give them some very useful hints upon this topic, and put them in a way to save some few millions annually.

The following is a pretty strong instance of the manner in which this anonymous writer falsifies the facts which he brings forward, and the audacity with which he is in the habit of wantonly defaming our transatlantic brethren.

"When Napoleon's ambition was apparent, the allies declared they could not treat with him, nor with any of his family. And if no peace with him could be regarded as permanent, so, by parity of reason, must that just concluded with the United States, be received in the same light. For as the democratic government is notoriously influenced by Buonapartean politics, and as it has for the sole purpose of serving him, declared one war, under every symptom of rashness and presumption, unprovided with funds, with a dubious, defective, and untried force, do these circumstances give us reason to expect greater sincerity, more prudence, and love of concord for the future?-more especially, as the objects of the government have been advanced, hostile experi