and the duty on tea retained by Lord!
North, 381, 387. See East India Tea
Company.

Telfair, Edward, with Jones and Haber-
sham, seizes powder (1775), iv. 181.
Temple, John, one of commissioners of
customs, iii. 290; accuses Ilutchinson
and others in America, and is accused
in turn, 424; accused of stealing let-
ters, is exculpated by Franklin, 459,
460.

Temple (Richard Grenville), brother-in-
law of Pitt, ii. 536, 543; dispute of,
with Pitt, iii. 128; speech of, in house
of lords, 188; on repeal of the stamp-
act, 210, 211; refuses Pitt's offer,
224.

Tenbroeck, Abraham, in the New York
assembly, iv. 109.

Tennessee, origin of, iii. 392, et seqq.;
emigration to, across the Alleghanies,
402, 403; republic of Watauga found-
ed in, 403; cast Tennessee attacked
by the Indians, v. 62-64; east Ten-
nessee named Washington, 64.
Ternay, de, Admiral, brings French ships

to Rhode Island (1780), v. 426.
Texas, La Salle occupies (1685), ii. 172.
Thacher, Oxenbridge, ii. 532; on writs

of assistance, 547; on colonial rights,
iii. 82, 83; on the effect of the stamp-
act, 109; on the noble patriots of
Virginia, 113; death of, 115, 147.
Thayendanegea. See Brant, Joseph.
Thayer, Colonel E., of Braintree, Massa-
chusetts, iv. 52; in the expedition
against Quebec, 298.

Thayer, Major S, at the fort on Mud
Island, v. 198; brave defence of fort
by, 198, 199.

"Thirteen United Colonies," iv. 244.
Thomas, John, and troops at Cambridge,

iv. 173; elected by congress brigadier-
general, 235; on Dorchester Heights,
326; goes to Canada, 377; dies of
small-pox, 380.

Thompson, Colonel William, and Penn-
sylvania ride men, iv. 248.
Thomson, Charles (1774), in Philadel

phia, iv. 11; secretary of congress,
62; elected a burgess of Philadelphia,
70.

Thomson, William, at Fort Moultrie, iv.
403; vigilant, 405.
Thorne, Robert, and Eliot, visit New-
foundland (1502), i. 60; proposes to
search for north-east passage, 60.
Thurlow, solicitor-general, character of,
iii. 384; opinion of, as to colonial
rights, 482; opinions of (1774), iv.
20; calls the Massachusetts congress
VOL. VI.-36

treasonable, 150; prosecutes Horne
Tooke (1775), 187; supports the slave-
trade, v. 405; leader of the new tory
party (1782), 532.
Ticonderoga, Fort, Lake Champlain, large
force against, ii. 487; attack repulsed
by Montcalm, 490; abandoned by the
French, 502; taken by Ethan Allen
by surprise (1775), iv. 182, 183; gar-
risoned, 194; cannon taken from, to
the siege of Boston, 326; St. Clair in
command at, v. 157; taken by the
enemy, 161; loss of, deplored, 165,
167.

Tilghman, on Washington's staff, in the
skirmish at Manhattanville, New York,

v. 47.

Tobacco, use of, learned by the Eng'ish,
i. 75; price of, 113; tax on, 116,
133; monopoly in, granted to Vir-
ginia, 135; debts paid in, 139; used
as coin, 150; a staple in Maryland, ii.
22; legal currency in Virginia, iii. 65;
British raid upon plantations of, in
Virginia, v. 327, 328.

Tonti, II. de, with La Salle, ii. 162, 163,

167; ever faithful, 174; descends the
Mississippi again, 186, 188.

Tooke, Пorne, and the "Public Adver-
tiser," iv. 187; fined and imprisoned,
187.

Tories, in America. See Loyalists.
Tories, in England, sneer at notion of a
general congress in America, iii. 113;
the modern tory party, King George
III. at the head, with Burke and Rock-
ingham founders, 196; creed of, 196,
197; rules the cabinet, 367; Thurlow
leader of the new tory party, v. 532.
Townshend, Charles, in the board of
trade, ii. 850; advice of, 374; in
parliament, 409; plan of, as to
New England, 412; retires from
office, 442; secretary of war, 536,
556; secretary of plantations, etc.,
560; first lord of trade, 564; in the
cabinet (1763), iii. 30, 31; policy to-
ward the colonies, 31, 32; taxation
of America proposed, 33, 34; re-
signs, 35; advocates large army and
navy for America, 95, 96; threatens
coercion, 218; wars against the char-
ters, 218, 219; usurps the lead in the
commons, 236, 237; browbeats the
cabinet, 238, 239; Americans are to
be in subjection, 243; dismissed, but
stays, 244; character of, 245; rules
in the ministry, 245, 246; unfit to
conciliate, 250; speech of, 250, 251;
carries his measures, 256; course of,
in the cabinet, 260; death of, 262.

Townshend, George, "universally able,"
elder brother of Charles, ii. 409, 410;
commands brigade under Wolfe, 503;
his report of the taking of Quebec
impudent, 513; returns to England,
inimical to the colonies, 513; colo-
nial system of, iv. 266-268.
Townshend, Thomas, in charge of the
home department, v. 546; letter to
Oswald (1782), 563, 564; instructions
to the commissioners, 576, 577.
Trade and taxes, American, new combi-
nations of, proposed by Grenville
(1764), iii. 73, 74.

Transylvania, Kentucky, iv. 195; joins
with the colonies to secure rights and
liberties, 414.

Treat, Robert, governor of Connecticut,
i. 588; resumed position as governor
(1689), ii. 47.

Trecothick, interview with Townshend,

iii. 250; friendly to America, 326,
344; proposes repeal of duty on tea,
385; advice as to the duty on tea,
439.

Trenchard, counsels moderation by the
home government, ii. 249.

Trenton, New Jersey, declaration of in-
dependence received in, v. 3, 4; vic-
tory of Washington at, 98, 99; spe-
cial honors to Washington by, vi.
470.

Trevor, solicitor-general, ii. 22.
Trumbull, Jonathan, deputy governor

of Connecticut, iii. 255, 256, 264;
governor, summons the legislature,
iv. 170; generous promise to Wash-
ington, 239; sends aid to the com-
mander-in-chief, v. 25, 26; good cour-
age of, 84; recognizes the hand of
Providence, 287; cheers Washing-
ton, 59; urges the federal constitu-
tion and power on the people (1783,
1784), vi. 90, 91.
Trumbull, Colonel Joseph, son of Jona-
than, commissary-general of the Amer-
ican army, v. 36.
Tryon, William, governor of North
Carolina (1766), iii. 233, 303-305;
iniquitous riot act of, 395, 396;
marches against the regulators, 400;
infamous conduct of, 401, 402; gov-
ernor of New York, 396, 402; urges
on the ministry to use great force, iv.
27; enters New York, 236; Mont-
gomery advises to send him away,
293; foments a secret and deadly
plot against Washington, 430, 431;
expedition of, against Danbury, Con-
necticut, v. 151, 152; favors using
the savages, etc., 827; pillaging ex-

pedition into Connecticut, burns New
Haven, etc., 329, 330.

Tryon county, New York, begs aid
against the enemy, v. 163, 166; brave
efforts in, 167; fight in the woods,
and victory, 168, 169.
Tucker, Josiah, advises to make America
free and independent (1774), iii. 472,
473; iv. 290; favors independence
of the United States, v. 22; on the
future growth and power of the re-
public, vi. 50.

Tucker, Samuel, v. 83; in the first con-

gress (1789), vi. 468, 469.

Tupper, Major B., in the West, vi.

283.

Turgot, prior of the Sorbonne, ii. 357;
minister of finance under Louis XVI.,
iv. 41; plans reforms, 42, 43; op-
posed to war with England, 364;
able reply of, to paper of Vergennes,
366-369; is feared and dismissed,
370; on Burgoyne's surrender, v. 244.
Turner, William, gallantly attacks and
routs the Indians on the Connecticut
river, i. 393.

Tuscany, grand duke of, refuses to have
anything to do with the United States,
v. 292.

Tuscaroras, Indians, ravages of, in Caro-
lina, ii. 203, 204; joined to the Iro-

quois, making the Six Nations, 303.
"Twelve United Colonies," the, iv. 204,
237; Georgia joins, and henceforth
there are Thirteen United Colonies,
244.

Uchees, southern Indians, ii 96; join
other tribes in a massacre, 214.
Ulloa, A. De, Spanish governor of Louis-
iana, iii. 316-318.

Uncas, sachem of the Mohegans, i. 266;
puts Miantonomoh to death, 295.
Underhill, John, in the expedition against
the Pequods, i. 266; conducts war
against the Indians in New Nether-
land, 506.

United Colonies of America, early meas-
ures toward union (1643), i. 291–293;
vi. 7; concert of action (1684), vi. 7;
attempt at consolidation, 7, 8; Will-
iam Penn's plan of union (1697), ii.

74, 75; vi. 8; Franklin's plan (1754),
ii. 386; vi. 8; Lord Halifax's plan
(1754), ii. 411; vi. 8, 9; first Ameri-
can congress (1765) to this end, ii.
113; vi. 9; first continental congress
(1774), iv. 61; vi. 10; the confedera-
tion (1776) imperfect, vi. 10; the
convention at Boston (1780), 11;
measures of New York (1780), 11,
12; Hamilton's effort in this line, 12;
Thomas Paine's idca, 12; New York
and New England convention at IIart-
ford (1720), 13; action in congress,
13, 14; the confederation adopted,
14; Washington's views, 14-16;
strong letter of, etc., 16-19; Madi-
son's able report on the subject (1781),
19, 20; Earton's views, 20; report of
grand committee of congress, 21;
Ilamilton's appeal through the press,
21; report of the committee of three,
22; coercion impossible, 23; a new
constitution the remedy, 23. Sce
United States of America.
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, a new na-
tion in the world, v. 3, 8; gloomy
outlook (1776), 7; impossibility of
England's conquering, 22, 23; aid re-
ceived from France, 130; want of
general government felt in, 199; citi-
zenship in, 200; disposition of Euro-
pcan states toward (1775-1781), 226;
Austria, Italy, Turkey, 226; Russia,
Sweden, Denmark, 227, 228; Swit-
zerland, Netherlands, 228; Germany,
230; treaty of, with Spain and France,
244, 245; moncy promised to, 245;
provisions of the treaty, 246; finally
announced by Louis XVI., 248, 249;
name of, not in favor, 297, 298; ques-
tion as to boundaries of (1779), 322,
825; treaty with Spain proposed, 326;
views of Russia, 342, 343; the Neth-
erlands refuse to treat, 345; the prin-
ciples of armed neutrality approved
by, 358; first steps toward a national
bank, 445; bank chartered, 556, 557;
deplorable condition of the treasury,
561; importune for a French loan
through Franklin, 572; the prospect
before the nation, 580, 581.

At peace with England, vi. 36; ces-
sation of hostilities, 37; shipping of,
excluded from the West Indies, 48;
a national spirit roused, 49; news of
peace received, 68; debt and re-
sources of, 79; opportunity and duty
of, as urged by Washington, 83-86;
universal love of union in, 89; inter-
citizenship, 90; voted by congress to
be" one nation," 112, 113; principles

of commercial treaties, 113; cost of
the war for independence, 119; com-
mittee of states, 123; land laws of,
as settled upon (1784-1788), 135; ex-
cessive importations, injury to trade,
remedies proposed, 137, 138; south-
ern states object to the navigation act,
144; efforts of, for treaties with Eng-
land and France, 148-152; treaty with
Russia, 152, 153; treaty with Moroc-
co, 153; obstacles to union through
religious and other differences, 154,
etc.; religious freedom in the new
nation, 158; anxiety and hope from
the federal convention, 202; anxiety
of the country as to the new consti-
tution, 276; individuality of Ameri-
cans as a people, 442; value of the
mother tongue, 442; a continental
republic, 447; a federal republic, with
complete powers of government, 448;
powers of the states by right, 448;
who are "the people" of the United
States? 449; their power, 450; ne-
cessity of revolution provided against,
450 extending influence of the re-
public, and philosophy of the people,
450, 451; the nation enters on its
career under happy auspices, 474.
United Provinces, the, v. 131. See IIol-
land.

Ursuline convent at Quebec, ii. 140.
Usher, John, lieutenant-governor of
New Hampshire, ii. 56.
Utrecht, peace of, and results, ii. 206-

211.

V.

Vaca. See De Vaca.
Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, winter at
(1777, 1778), v. 209, etc.; sufferings
of the troops, 212-214; alliance with
France celebrated at, 269.
Van Berckel, envoy from the Dutch re-
public (178%), vi. 104.

Van Rensselaer, K., buys domain about
Albany, New York, i. 498.
Van Twiller, governor of New Nether-
land, i. 500, 501.

Van Wart, Isaac, one of André's cap-
tors, v. 433, 434; annuity voted to,
by congress, 438.

Vane, Sir Henry, in Massachusetts, i.
258; governor of Massachusetts, 260;
pleads for toleration, 261; returns to
England, 262; kindness of, toward
Roger Williams and Phode Island,
298; represents the principles of the
independents, 331; trial of, last days,
and death, 348-350.

Vaudreuil, succeeds Du Quesne in Can-
ada, ii. 420; gives up Quebec, 512;
surrenders Montreal (1760), 523.
Vaughan, Robert, on Kent Island, Mary-
land, i. 167; obtains, for the legisla-
ture of Maryland, two branches, 169.
Vaughan, William, at Louisburg, ii. 307;
storms and takes Fort Clinton on the
Iludson, burns Kingston, etc., v. 186.
Venango, near Fort Pitt, destroyed by
the Indians in Pontiac's war, iii. 45.
Vergennes, Count de, opinion of, as to
cession of Canada to England (1763),
ii. 561, 565; foreign minister under
Louis XVI., iv. 40; character of, 40,
41; views of, 97, 98; views sent to,
by Garnier, in London, 109; forecast-
ings of, 190; admires Virginia's state
paper, 203; on the battle of Bunker
Hill, 260; on King George's procla-
mation (1775), 271; views of, as to
English affairs, 280; on the course of
the English government, 283, 281;
presentiments of, 359, 380; in favor
of aiding the Americans, 363; "con-
siderations," laid before Louis XVI.,
364-366; advice to the king in coun-
cil, v. 16, 17; paper of, on the course
for France to pursue toward the
United States, 18-20; on Washing-
ton's retreat through New Jersey, 94;
interview with Franklin, 127; meets
the American commissioners, 128;
policy of, toward England, 132-134;
insists on Spain deciding to join or
not to join, 139; arranges treaty be-
tween France and the United States,
244, 245; on subduing the Ameri-
cans, 281; active interest of, in Ameri-
can affairs, 320-326; sends an agent
to Ireland, 341; suggests a league of
neutral nations, 346; letter of, to Ge-
rard, 440, 441; intercourse of, with
Oswald and Grenville, 37-540; de-
clines Grenville's proposal, 542; views
of, on Oswald's commission, 551, 552;
schemes and wishes of, as to the prog-
ress of the United States, 562, 563;
opens direct negotiations with Shel-
burne, 565; letter of, to the French
envoy at Philadelphia, 572, 573; mod-
eration of, in making peace, vi. 36.
Vermont, the territory in dispute (1750),

ii. 361; proposal to annex to New
York, iii. 55; unjustly treated, 87;
disturbance in, and result, iv. 142, 143;
refuses jurisdiction of New York and
declares independence (1777), v. 157;
convention meets and frames consti-
tution, adopts laws, etc., 161, 162;
asks for admission into the union as

a free state (1781), not allowed, 408;
special provision for admission of, into
the union (1787), vi. 324.
Vernon, Edward, admiral, captures Por-
to Bello and Fort Chagre, ii. 295,
296; attack of, on Carthagena, 296;
ill success of, and loss, 296, 297.
Verplanck's Point, New York, surren-
dered to the British, v. 329.
Vincennes, a Canadian hero, ii. 236;
death of, 236.

Vincennes, the oldest village in Indi-
ana, ii. 186; post at, 225; increase
of (1769), iii. 319; how treated, 409;
people of, join the United States
(1778), v. 311, 312; fort at, taken by
Ilamilton, 312; retaken by Clark and
the backwoodsmen, 313, 314.
Virginia, the name given by Queen Eliza-
beth, i. 69; first colony of, 85; first
charter of, 85, 86; King James's in-
terest in, 86; provisions of the char-
ter, 86, 87; colonists arrive in, 88;
second colony of, 90; failure of the
colony, 91; first colony's sufferings,
91, 92; dissensions in, 92; John
Smith's administration, 92-96; sec-
ond charter, 99; adventurers under,
99; provisions of charter, 100; sad
state of affairs in, 100, 101; restora-
tion of the colony, 101, 102; martial
law in, 102, 103; treatment of the
Indians, 104; Spaniards jealous of,
104; the third charter, its important
provisions, 104, 105; stability of the
colony, 105; Dale's administration,
107; tenure of lands in, 107; Argall
in charge of, 109, 110; Yeardley gov-
ernor, 108, 110-113; Sir E. Sandys
treasurer, Ferrar counsel, 111, 112;
emigration of unmarried women to,
115, 116.

First colonial assembly, acts of, i
112, 113; ordinance securing the lib-
erties of Virginia, 117; Wyatt brings
free constitution, 118; conditional
servitude in, 125; negro slavery in,
126; Wyatt's administration, 126,
127; cotton planted, silk culture at-
tempted, ctc., 126; religious teaching
in, 127; troubles of, with the red
men, whites massacred, 127, 128;
war for extermination, 128, 129.

King James and the London Com-
pany, i. 129, 130; the order to give up
the charter refused, 131; commission-
ers sent to Virginia, 131, 132; spirit of
the people, 132; the assembly's acts
of legislation, 132, 133; patents can-
celled, 133: Wyatt governor, 133,
134; Charles I. and Virginia, 135;

Yeardley governor, 136; Harvey suc-
ceeds, 136, 137; the Puritans invited
to Virginia, 136; Harvey impeached,
sustained by privy council, 138, 139;
Wyatt governor, 139; Berkeley's ad-
ministration, 139, 140; course of the
legislature, 140, 141; second massa-
cre by Indians, 142; prosperity and
loyalty of, 143.

The Long Parliament asserts its su-
premacy in, i. 143; change in Eng-
land's commercial policy, 144–146;
Virginia yields to pressure, etc., 146,
147; course pursued by Cromwell to-
ward, 148; the assembly claims its
rights, 148, 149; Berkeley again
elected, 150; inhabitants of, 150,
151; religious liberty for all except
Quakers, 151; climate and native at-
tractions of, 151; mode of living,
hospitality, etc., 152, 153.

The colony badly used by Charles
II., i. 365, 452; people of, elections,
aristocracy, democracy, etc., 442, 443;
servants in, 443; negro slaves, 444;
two parties in, 445; royalist assembly
in, 446; navigation acts oppressive,
446, 447; persecutions in, 448; reve-
nue of, 449; salaries, taxation in, 44);
assembly's action, suffrage in, 451;
means of education. 451; Virginia
given away by Charles II., 452, 453;
agents sent to protest against this,
453; the king orders a charter, but
recalls the order, 454; the colony in
1674, 455; reform movements in, 456,
457; contests with the Indians, 457,
458; Berkeley's course, consequences,
458; the new assembly and its acts,
460, 461; Bacon's rebellion, 461-464;
Jamestown burned, 466; rebels and
others from abroad sent to Virginia,
471, 472; despotic measures resisted,
473, 474; movements for union with
New England colonies, 474.

Form of government, burgesses,
etc. (1689), ii. 17; the church and
people, 18-20; disfranchises negroes,
mulattoes, and Indians, 256, 257; op-
poses the slave-trade, 279, 280; inde-
pendent spirit of, 341; condition of
(1754), 393, 394; slavery in, 394;
supplies troops for Forbes's expedi-
tion, 493; opposes the slave-trade,
549; address of, to the king, iii. 92;
memorial to the lords, 93; remon-
strance to the commons, 93; resolve
of, as to the stamp-act, 110; debate
on Patrick Henry's resolutions, 111,
112; "rang the alarum bell" (1765),
112; the assembly not allowed to

meet, 120; votes a statue to King
George, 213; opposes the slave-trade,
248; the assembly approves of course
of Massachusetts, 285; urges on the
other colonies to hold liberty firm,
285, 286; claim of, to the West, 320;
opposes Stuart and the Cherokee line,
S20, 321; western boundary question,
322; resolves of, and circular, 847,
348; the governor dissolves the house,
348; non-importation covenant in,
348-350; the western boundary of,
392; Lord Dunmore governor, 396;
protests against the slave-trade, 409,
410; the king orders continuance of
the trade, 410; address of, to the
king, 411; proposes intercolonial
committees, 436, 437; effect of the
proposition, 437.

Spirit of the house cf burgesses
(1774), iv. 16, 17; day of fasting and
prayer appointed, 17; the house dis-
solved, meets directly after, 17; con-
vention called, 18; backwoodsmen of,
help Boston, 29, 30; convention of,
34; denounces slavery, 34; decision
reached, 35, 36; opposes the Quebec
act, 82; Lord Dunmore governor,
82; disobeys the act, 88; the people
in West Virginia assert American
rights, 89, 89; Presbyterian resolve
in council, 100, 101; the assembly
prorogued, 108; spirit of West Vir-
ginia, 131; conservative character of,
dislikes prospect of war, 144; second
convention and its acts, 144; P.
Henry proposes measures of defence,
144, 145; is opposed by Bland, Har-
rison, and others, 145; measures
adopted, 145; the people threaten to
rise against Dunmore, 146; moderat-
ing counsels prevail, 147; rising in,
Dunmore's course, 179, 180; conven-
tion in Richmond, clear and judicious
course, 254; money voted, 255; war
is begun by Dunmore, 317; effect of
burning Norfolk, 321; moves to open
the ports of the colonies for free
trade, 321; house of burgesses meets
and dissolves, 412; constituent con-
vention (May, 1776), 412; the people
unanimous, 413; instructions to dele-
gates, 414; E. Pendleton president,
414; resolutions on independence and
confederation, 415; declaration of
rights, 416; quoted, 417-419; form
of government adopted, 426; gover-
nor, privy council, general assembly
in two branches, 427; Patrick Henry
elected governor, 428.

Declaration of independence re-